Influence of Probiotics on the Growth and Digestive Enzyme Activity of White Pacific Shrimp （Litopenaeus vannamel）

The influence of Bacillus probiotics on the digestive enzyme activity and the growth of Litopenaeus vannamei were de-termined in this study. The shrimp was treated with five percentages (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5) of probiotics (Bacillus spp.) supple-mented to the feed and cultured for 45d. The growth measured as the weight gain at the end of culturing was significantly (P<0.05) higher in probiotic-treated shrimps than that of the control (without receiving probiotics). Activities of protease and amylase, two digestive enzymes of the midgut gland and the intestine were significantly (P<0.05) higher in probiotic-treated shrimp than in the control.     

美人鱼发光杆菌(Photobacterium damselae)感染对银鲳(Pampus argenteus)肠道微生物的影响

银鲳(Pampus argenteus)是我国沿海重要的经济鱼类和水产养殖重要品种, 近年来因过度捕捞其野生种群数量日渐减少。美人鱼发光杆菌(Photobacterium damselae, PDD)是多种水产动物发病的主要病原菌, 也是银鲳养殖中的一种常见病原微生物, 会引起造成银鲳大规模死亡的出血病,但目前尚不清楚美人鱼发光杆菌感染后对银鲳肠道微生物的影响。通过注射使银鲳感染PDD, 在24 h和72 h分别采集健康及患病银鲳的中肠和后肠进行16S rRNA基因扩增子测序, 并结合Illumina Nova测序平台进行测序和数据分析, 研究PDD感染后不同时间银鲳体内微生物群落组成结构的动态变化。结果表明, PDD感染后在银鲳肠道内大量增殖并占据优势, 引起银鲳体内肠道微生物的动态变化。PDD的侵入及在银鲳肠道中的增殖并占据优势, 导致银鲳肠道内微生物群落组成结构紊乱。PDD的过度生长与肠道微生物群落构成失调密切相关, 显示了肠道微生物群落结构平衡的重要性。研究结果有助于深入探究水产动物肠道微生物的多样性、功能及相互关系, 为银鲳养殖业的健康管理提供科学依据。     

铁细菌培养过程中低分子有机酸钠盐对含硫酸根铁矿物形成的影响

普遍存在环境中的低分子有机酸盐对氧化亚铁硫杆菌的矿化产物(施氏矿和黄钾铁矾等铁矿物)会产生影响,从而导致环境中有毒重金属迁移转化发生变化。本文探讨了低分子有机酸钠盐对铁细菌HX3成长过程中代谢产物铁矿物的影响,并利用XRD、FTIR、FESEM和EDS对形成的铁矿物进行了表征与分析。研究结果表明,低浓度低分子有机酸钠盐的加入对细菌氧化Fe~(2+)的影响不明显,但可加速黄钾铁矾的形成;苹果酸钠的加入较柠檬酸钠和草酸钠更利于施氏矿向黄钾铁矾转变。高浓度低分子有机酸钠盐(苹果酸钠、柠檬酸钠和草酸钠依次为20、40和40mmol/L)的加入对细菌培养过程中Fe~(2+)的氧化有抑制作用;抑制影响从大到小的顺序为:苹果酸钠柠檬酸钠草酸钠。该研究结果可为含氧化亚铁硫杆菌等铁细菌的酸性矿山废水中铁矿物的形成转化和生物矿化机理提供理论参考。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000095

<正>Bauxite deposits are studied because of their economic value and because they play an important role in the study of paleoclimate and paleogeography of continents.They provide a rare record of the weathering and evolution of continental surfaces.Geomicrobiological analysis makes it possible to verify that microorganisms have played a critical role during the formation of bauxite with the possibility already intimated in previous studies.Ambient temperature,abundance of water,organic carbon and bioavailable iron and other metal substrates provide a suitable environment for microbes to inhabit.Thio-bacillus, Leptospirilum,Thermophilic bacteria and Heterotrophs have been shown to be able to oxidize ferrous iron and to reduce sulfate-generating sulfuric acid,which can accelerate the weathering of alumi-nosilicates and precipitation of iron oxyhydroxides.Microorganisms referred to the genus Bacillus can mediate the release of alkaline metals.Although the dissimilatory iron-reducing and sulfate-reducing bacteria in bauxites have not yet been identified,some recorded authigenic carbonates and "bacteriopyrites" that appear to be unique in morphology and grain size might record microbial activity.Typical bauxite minerals such as gibbsite,kaolinite,covellite,galena,pyrite,zircon,calcium plagioclase,orthoclase, and albite have been investigated as part of an analysis of microbial mediation.The paleoecology of such bauxitic microorganisms inhabiting continental(sub) surfaces,revealed through geomicrobiolo-gical analysis,will add a further dimension to paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental studies.     

海洋石油烃降解细菌T1和T2的分子鉴定分类

从天津滨海潮间带被石油烃严重污染的沉积物（千样含油量0．2g／g）中，筛选分离出能够以柴油为唯一碳源生长的细菌，对其中生物量大、单株菌降解效率较高的两株细菌T1和T2进行16SrDNA克隆，通过测定和比较16SrDNA的部分序列对这两株细菌进行分子鉴定，以期用于石油污染的微生物修复中。结果表明，T1与深红红螺菌（Rhodospirillum rubrum）的同源性为89％，．r2与施氏甲单孢杆菌（Pseudomonas stutzeri）的同源性为99％。     

海洋短小芽孢杆菌ZH1-6菌株的鉴定及生物学特性

从新鲜近江牡蛎中分离到一株拮抗细菌,命名为ZH1-6,该菌对金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌及大肠杆菌等多种病原菌有较强的抑制作用。通过形态学观察、常规生理生化指标测定、16SrDNA序列测定和同源性分析,鉴定该菌株为短小芽孢杆菌。研究表明:ZH1-6能利用多种碳、氮源,其生长温度范围为10-50℃,生长pH范围为pH3-10,最适初始pH为6.0。     

紫金山铜矿原地破碎细菌浸出工艺的可行性分析

根据紫金山铜矿的实际情况，分析采用原地破碎细菌浸出工艺回收紫金山铜矿资源的工程技术可行性，在此基础上进行经济方面的讨论。     

芽孢杆菌HBS4还原亚硒酸钠为单质硒的实验研究

利用从油藏中分离的芽孢杆菌HBS4在兼性厌氧情况下作用于剧毒物质亚硒酸钠,36 h后1～11mM的样品中均出现了大量红色颗粒沉淀物.生物显微镜观察发现,在很多细菌内部出现一颗到多颗红色的圆形颗粒,排列方式有单链、双链、弧线和无规则排列,并且在细胞周围释放有游离态的红色颗粒.XPS测试红色沉淀物发现四价硒全部还原为零价硒.实验还发现添加葡萄糖对单质硒的产量有很大的促进作用.     

脱氮硫杆菌同步脱硫反硝化技术的关键因素研究

利用脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillus denitrificans)在厌氧条件具有的脱硫反硝化生理特性,提出同步脱硫反硝化技术的思路,推导出脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillus denitrificans)氧化硫化物为单质硫的化学计量式,并通过间歇试验考察同步脱硫反硝化技术的关键因素。试验结果表明,硫氮比(S~(2-)/NO_3~-比值)和硫化物浓度是同步脱硫反硝化技术的关键因素,两者分别控制在5/3和低于300mg/L的水平可以获得较好的脱硫和反硝化效果,在此条件下,单质硫转化率最高达94％,且随着硫氮比的降低而升高。