基于GIS的黄河上游龙羊峡库区生态环境遥感监测研究

本项研究以黄河上游生态环境严重退化的龙羊峡库区为研究区，应用遥感与GIS一体化的方法，建立了库区生态环境动态监测信息系统。在系统的支持下，利用多时相、多波段TM遥感数据，对库区近十年来生态环境变化进行监测分析，揭示了库区土地沙漠化、水土流失、土地利用／土地覆盖的现状，以及建库近十年来生态环境时空演化的过程与发展趋势，为库区生态环境治理提供科学依据。本项研究利用遥感和GIS技术，采用生态环境综合分类系统，在一次分类处理中通过多层次不同级别的组合获得了基于同一信息源的土地沙漠化、草场盖度、土地利用处地覆盖等多种环境类型信息，并利用环境信息模型对库区的土壤侵蚀进行了评价。基于GIS的分类后再处理使遥感分类精度有了一定程度的提高。研究表明，在GIS的支持下充分利用遥感信息监测与评价生态环境，是区域生态环境定量化研究的有效途径。     

附有约束条件的最小二乘影像匹配及其在交通事故中的应用

影像匹配技术在图像处理与计算机视觉中有着非常重要的作用。最小二乘影像匹配方法是常用的匹配方法之一。本文简单介绍了目前影像匹配的几种方法及其优缺点，探讨了数字相机的检校原理与方法。重点介绍附有约束条件的最小二乘影像匹配的原理及匹配过程，结合交通事故处理的实例，论证了该方法的可行性。与传统方法相比，在测量精度、自动化程度以及数据三维可视化等方面具有明显优势。     

TEM法在寻找煤矿突水巷道中的应用

在地质勘探中,TEM法体积效应影响小,探测深度大,对低阻反映灵敏,因此,其作为一种物探手段,已被广泛应用于地球物理勘探的各个领域。TEM法在煤矿突水巷道勘探中,曲线形态为高电位单峰异常,这个特征用于煤矿充水巷道探测准确度高,效果明显。     

金属腐蚀探测

本阐述了金属腐蚀的危害性和金属管道腐蚀探测的迫切性，并介绍了几种具有探测腐蚀功能的物探方法。     

桩承载力时效对桩土相互作用及沉降的影响分析

对软土中两根47 m长灌注桩分别在成桩28 d和1 750 d后进行了承载力试验，其极限承载力提高幅度达到30％左右。分析了单桩承载力随时间提高(称为时效)的机理，提出了单桩承载力时效对桩筏基础桩土相互作用影响的分析方法，并结合工程实例进行了分析。     

武汉长江底钻孔同位素单井法地下水流速、流向测试

本文论述了在武汉市长江底部第四纪孔隙含水层中用单井稀释法测定地下水流速、流向实验的过程和结果。并对在这种试验条件下所得的测定结果进行分析讨论,得出了相应的结论。测试结果表明:武汉长江底部JC II 6号钻孔处地下水流向从上到下都受到地表长江水流的影响。上部受到影响大,而深部较弱,地下水流向从上到下逐渐向东偏转35°左右。上部中细砂层中的地下水流速,大于下部粗中砂层中地下水流速。本次测试由于测定点靠近江心地下水排泄带,其地下水和地表水的水头差0 5m左右,试验虽然采取了特殊的施工工艺,也还可能受到垂向流的微小影响,使测试结果中的水流速度比实际地下水水流速度可能要稍偏大些。但因本点水文地质条件决定了三段之间或地下水流和江水之间无明显的水头差,所以引起的误差不大,可以忽略不计。     

浅议反射法混凝土厚度检测

隧道衬砌、路道、路面楼板等只有一个检测面,冲击回波法成为新的厚度及缺陷检测方法.由冲击回波法与基桩反射法的共性及特性揭示了这种方法的机理及频域与时域检测2种不同施测方法以及对激振的不同要求.用惠更斯菲涅尔带分析了水平分辨率,最后说明该种方法的技术关键.     

乌鲁木齐市华凌拟建地下停车场活断层探测与城市活断层探测手段适用性初步分析

根据在乌鲁木齐市拟建华凌地下停车场活断层探测与地震危险性评价工作，对通过乌鲁木齐闹市区的雅玛里克断裂进行了实验性探测。采用了浅层地震探测、地质雷达探测、地形测量和坑探剖面方法，对这些手段的适用性进行了初步分析和讨论。     

Inelastic displacement ratios for evaluation of existing structures

Results of a detailed statistical study of constant relative strength inelastic displacement ratios to estimate maximum lateral inelastic displacement demands on existing structures from maximum lateral elastic displacement demands are presented. These ratios were computed for single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems with different levels of lateral strength normalized to the strength required to remain elastic when subjected to a relatively large ensemble of recorded earthquake ground motions. Three groups of soil conditions with shear wave velocities higher than 180m/s are considered. The influence of period of vibration, level of lateral yielding strength, site conditions, earthquake magnitude, distance to the source, and strain‐hardening ratio are evaluated and discussed. Mean inelastic displacement ratios and those associated with various percentiles are presented. A special emphasis is given to the dispersion of these ratios. It is concluded that distance to the source has a negligible influence on constant relative strength inelastic displacement ratios. However, for periods smaller than 1s earthquake magnitude and soil conditions have a moderate influence on these ratios. Strain hardening decreases maximum inelastic displacement at a fairly constant rate depending on the level of relative strength for periods of vibration longer than about 1.0s while it decreases maximum inelastic displacement non‐linearly as the period of vibration shortens and as the relative‐strength ratio increases for periods of vibration shorter than 1.0s. Finally, results from non‐linear regression analyses are presented that provide a simplified expression to be used to approximate mean inelastic displacement ratios during the evaluation of existing structures built on firm sites. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A procedure for evaluating seismic energy demand of framed structures

Energy serves as an alternative index to response quantities like force or displacement to include the duration‐related seismic damage effect. A procedure to evaluate the absorbed energy in a multistorey frame from energy spectra was developed. For low‐ to medium‐rise frames, it required a static pushover analysis of the structure to determine the modal yield force and ductility factor of an equivalent single‐degree‐of‐freedom system for the first two modes. The energy spectra were then used to determine the energy contribution of each mode. A procedure was also developed to distribute the energy along the frame height based on energy shapes. This study showed that the second‐mode response in some cases needs to be considered to reflect the energy (or damage) concentration in the upper floors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.