SWDC-5倾斜摄影建筑物纹理自动映射方法

针对国内关于倾斜影像的处理方法尚不成熟这一现状,该文基于机载LiDAR点云建立的房屋模型,结合SWDC-5倾斜航摄仪获取的影像和POS数据,阐述倾斜摄影建筑物房屋模型纹理自动映射的方法和流程。基于摄影测量基本原理,定义几种基本的房屋类型,结合DEM和外方位元素,采用房屋面多边形角点判断法和面积计算法选择最优像片,采用摄影中心与多边形角点连结光束与遮挡面的交点判断法来实现遮挡判断,并通过间接法纹理纠正及纹理编辑得到最优模型纹理。经实测数据验证,表明了该纹理映射方法的正确性和可行性。     

基于模糊本体的时空数据模型构建方法研究

针对时空推理及信息查询中存在的时空模糊性问题,通过模糊隶属函数对模糊本体中的模糊概念和关系进行描述,在模糊本体5W2H语义概念模型的基础上构建了FGO-5W2HST时空数据模型,研究了本体方法下的时空推理的模糊扩展,并将上述研究应用于旅游景点信息领域,从而对时空推理查询及语义信息检索过程进行模拟验证。     

Projections of the advance in the start of the growing season during the 21st century based on CMIP5 simulations

It is well-known that global warming due to anthropogenic atmospheric greenhouse effects advanced the start of the vegetation growing season(SOS) across the globe during the 20 th century. Projections of further changes in the SOS for the 21 st century under certain emissions scenarios(Representative Concentration Pathways, RCPs) are useful for improving understanding of the consequences of global warming. In this study, we first evaluate a linear relationship between the SOS(defined using the normalized difference vegetation index) and the April temperature for most land areas of the Northern Hemisphere for 1982–2008. Based on this relationship and the ensemble projection of April temperature under RCPs from the latest state-of-the-art global coupled climate models, we show the possible changes in the SOS for most of the land areas of the Northern Hemisphere during the 21 st century. By around 2040–59, the SOS will have advanced by-4.7 days under RCP2.6,-8.4 days under RCP4.5, and-10.1 days under RCP8.5, relative to 1985–2004. By 2080–99, it will have advanced by-4.3 days under RCP2.6,-11.3 days under RCP4.5, and-21.6 days under RCP8.5. The geographic pattern of SOS advance is considerably dependent on that of the temperature sensitivity of the SOS. The larger the temperature sensitivity,the larger the date-shift-rate of the SOS.     

Tropical cyclone genesis potential index over the western North Pacific simulated by CMIP5 models

Tropical cyclone(TC) genesis over the western North Pacific(WNP) is analyzed using 23 CMIP5(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) models and reanalysis datasets. The models are evaluated according to TC genesis potential index(GPI). The spatial and temporal variations of the GPI are first calculated using three atmospheric reanalysis datasets(ERA-Interim, NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis-1, and NCEP/DOE Reanalysis-2). Spatial distributions of July–October-mean TC frequency based on the GPI from ERA-interim are more consistent with observed ones derived from IBTr ACS global TC data. So, the ERA-interim reanalysis dataset is used to examine the CMIP5 models in terms of reproducing GPI during the period 1982–2005. Although most models possess deficiencies in reproducing the spatial distribution of the GPI, their multimodel ensemble(MME) mean shows a reasonable climatological GPI pattern characterized by a high GPI zone along 20?N in the WNP. There was an upward trend of TC genesis frequency during 1982 to 1998, followed by a downward trend. Both MME results and reanalysis data can represent a robust increasing trend during 1982–1998, but the models cannot simulate the downward trend after 2000. Analysis based on future projection experiments shows that the GPI exhibits no significant change in the first half of the 21 st century, and then starts to decrease at the end of the 21 st century under the representative concentration pathway(RCP) 2.6 scenario. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, the GPI shows an increasing trend in the vicinity of20?N, indicating more TCs could possibly be expected over the WNP under future global warming.     

Comparison of dryland climate change in observations and CMIP5 simulations

A comparison of observations with 20 climate model simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase5(CMIP5) revealed that observed dryland expansion amounted to 2.61 × 106km2 during the 58 years from 1948 to 2005,which was four times higher than that in the simulations(0.55 × 106km2). Dryland expansion was accompanied by a decline in aridity index(AI)(drying trend) as a result of decreased precipitation and increased potential evapotranspiration across all dryland subtype areas in the observations, especially in the semi-arid and dry subhumid regions. However, the CMIP5multi-model ensemble(MME) average performed poorly with regard to the decreasing trends of AI and precipitation. By analyzing the factors controlling AI, we found that the overall bias of AI in the simulations, compared with observations, was largely due to limitations in the simulation of precipitation. The simulated precipitation over global drylands was substantially overestimated compared with observations across all subtype areas, and the spatial distribution of precipitation in the MME was largely inconsistent in the African Sahel, East Asia, and eastern Australia, where the semi-arid and dry subhumid regions were mainly located.     

Parallel comparison of the northern winter stratospheric circulation in reanalysis and in CMIP5 models

A parallel comparison is made of the circulation climatology and the leading oscillation mode of the northern winter stratosphere among six reanalysis products and 24 CMIP5(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) models. The results reveal that the NCEP/NCAR, NECP/DOE, ERA40, ERA-Interim and JRA25 reanalyses are quite consistent in describing the climatology and annual cycle of the stratospheric circulation. The 20 CR reanalysis, however, exhibits a remarkable"cold pole" bias accompanied by a much stronger stratospheric polar jet, similar as in some CMIP5 models. Compared to the1–2 month seasonal drift in most coupled general circulation models(GCMs), the seasonal cycle of the stratospheric zonal wind in most earth system models(ESMs) agrees very well with reanalysis. Similar to the climatology, the amplitude of Polar Vortex Oscillation(PVO) events also varies among CMIP5 models. The PVO amplitude in most GCMs is relatively weaker than in reanalysis, while that in most of the ESMs is more realistic. In relation to the "cold pole" bias and the weaker oscillation in some CMIP5 GCMs, the frequency of PVO events is significantly underestimated by CMIP5 GCMs; while in most ESMs, it is comparable to that in reanalysis. The PVO events in reanalysis(except in 20CR) mainly occur from mid-winter to early spring(January–March); but in some of the CMIP5 models, a 1–2 month delay exists, especially in most of the CMIP5 GCMs. The long-term trend of the PVO time series does not correspond to long-term changes in the frequency of PVO events in most of the CMIP5 models.     

1981—2013年6—7月江淮地区切变线及暴雨统计分析

利用第5次耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)提供的39个全球气候模式模拟的1961—2005年逐月500 hPa位势高度场资料,以及同期美国国家环境预测中心再分析资料,通过经验正交函数分解提取主要模态,基于泰勒图方法、概率密度函数的Brier评分和显著性评分指标,探讨CMIP5模式对东亚500 hPa高度场主要模态时空结构的模拟能力,寻求具有较好东亚环流型态模拟能力的气候模式以及模拟较好的主模态。结果表明:(1) CMIP5模式能够模拟出东亚500 hPa高度场主要模态,且各模式对冬季主要模态时空结构的模拟能力都高于夏季。(2) 各模式对冬季模态(西太平洋遥相关型)模拟能力最强,第3模态最差,对冬季主要模态空间结构模拟较好的模式为IPSL-CM5B-LR、MPI-ESM-P、CMCC-CMS、FGOALS-g2、HadGEM2-ES;夏季第1模态空间结构模拟能力最强,其次分别为第2模态和东亚-太平洋型(简记第3模态),西太平洋遥相关型较差,对夏季主要模态空间结构模拟较好的模式为ECEARTH、CanESM2、CMCC-CM、GFDL-ESM2G、IPSL-CM5A-MR。(3)对主要模态时间系数概率密度函数特征的模拟评估表明,模式对冬季第2模态概率密度函数的模拟较好,其次为西太平洋遥相关型,其主要模态时间系数的概率密度函数模拟较好的模式为CESM1-FASTCHEM、HadGEM2-ES、INM-CM4、GISS-E2-H、BCC-CSM1-1;模式对夏季第2模态时间系数的概率密度函数模拟较好,其次分别为第3模态、西太平洋遥相关型,其主要模态时间系数概率密度函数模拟较好的模式为CCSM4、HadGEM2-CC、GFDL-CM3、MRI-CGCM3、NorESM1-M。(4)综合时空结构模式模拟能力,对冬季主要模态模拟较好的前5个模式为HadGEM2-ES、IPSL-CM5B-LR、CESM1-FASTCHEM、INM-CM4、BCC-CSM1-1;夏季前5个模式为ECEARTH、CMCC-CM、CCSM4、CANESM2、MIROC5。     

5-HT对马氏珠母贝卵体外促熟的影响及5-HT受体的细胞学定位

研究了5-羟色胺(5-HT)对马氏珠母贝解剖获得卵母细胞的促熟作用及5-HT受体(5-HTpf)在其性腺中的分布情况。通过体外浸泡的方法处理马氏珠母贝卵母细胞使其成熟,结果表明一定浓度的5-HT可显著促使马氏珠母贝卵母细胞生发泡破裂,并使已经发生生发泡破裂的卵母细胞进一步成熟,同时可诱导5-HT受体基因的表达。用原位杂交的方法对5-HT受体在马氏珠母贝性腺中的分布的研究结果揭示,卵巢中次级卵母细胞和卵细胞均存在5-HT受体,有阳性信号出现;精巢中仅滤泡壁及精母细胞中有少量表达。以上结果表明马氏珠母贝的卵母细胞不仅能产生5-HT并且可表达5-HT受体。     

新疆风区下垫面动力学粗糙度估测值与模式定义值的对比

按风向风速标准差法估算了新疆风能资源详查区17座测风塔一定范围内的动力学粗糙度,并与期间利用的3 km和1 km分辨率的数值模式中的动力学粗糙度理论定义值进行了对比。结果表明:除了采用的landuse基数据在一些区域的错误判识而导致本研究的估测值与中、小尺度模式中的动力学粗糙度理论定义值有较大差别外,大多数比较接近,今后有必要对这些区域的landuse的分类进行客观订正;夏季强风区的动力学粗糙度估测值普遍小于中尺度模式的理论定义值;对于主、次风向上动力学粗糙度值极不均匀区域,风向与风速标准差估算法需结合使用;本研究估算的动力学粗糙度是在中性层结条件下进行的,对于中性层结条件较少发生的区域,该动力学粗糙度估算值的普适性将受到限制。     

CINRAD/SA雷达天线动态错误故障的分析处理

基于广州雷达一次天线动态错误的故障,将伺服系统分为机械、功放、通信链路和信号控制四个部分逐一分析排查,最后利用雷达数据处理软件BDAVC5分析故障时次的天线运行轨迹,发现问题出现在对天线俯仰的控制上,更换了数字控制单元的模拟板使故障得以排除。通过对故障排除过程的详细阐述,总结了天线动态错误报警故障源可能出现的机械、功效、通信链路和天线控制方面的问题及其初步判定方法。故障定位过程中的分析思路和方法为新一代天气雷达技术保障提供了借鉴。