高要市的气候对罗非鱼生长适应性的影响

讨论高要市的气候特点及罗非鱼在高要的生存空间;指出高要市的气候对罗非鱼生长十分有利,但冬季的低温和夏季短暂的高温均会对罗非鱼的养殖造成威胁;提出养殖罗非鱼的6项对策及建议：1）掌握气候规律,年初放养鱼苗的时间一般应选择在3月中旬为宜。2）签订气象保障合同,实行趋利避害,做到以防为主。3）发挥和利用基地型模式的优势,使效益惠及更多的养殖户。4）成鱼期每年的最后一次捕捞时间一般选择在12月中旬初期为宜。5）适量购买农业保险。6）提高整体科技水平,改变传统养殖方式,使罗非鱼养殖产生更大的经济效益。     

台风影响上下海近海风场特性的数值模拟分析

选择近年来影响上海最严重的不同路径台风个例,首先利用TAPM数值模式对出现最大风速过程期间,海岸线的风速变化作了数值模拟计算,然后与海岸测风梯度塔的同步观测数据进行对比,在验证了模式计算结果的准确性和可靠性基础上,对台风影响下上海近海区域最大风速的分布特征、不同高度风速变化规律进行分析评估.同时采用海上测风平台的观测数据,对近海海面上的湍流强度作了计算.结果表明:当台风影响上海地区时,上海近海海上的最大风速有较明显的梯度变化;海面上风速随高度变化远比陆上小,各高度层风速如用指数律公式计算,幂指数可取O.09-0.10;海面上的湍流强度亦较小,基本上在0.10以下范围内波动.     

王建国

1982年1月于山东海洋学院海洋气象学专业毕业,取得本科学历及理学学士学位。1986年10月加入中国共产党,1987年7月取得工程师职称,1995年晋升为高级工程师。1995年任山东省气象局副总工程师,1999年任山东省气象局副局长,2003年任山东省气象局局长、党组书记,     

发展湛江农用气象信息服务的对策和思考

农业与天气、气象和气候条件关系密切,从农用气象信息产品的专业性论述了气象信息的准确性、专业性、针对性、及时性和覆盖面是决定农用气象信息服务质量的关键因素,在当前气象服务的基础上,建立为农服务的专业性平台,充分发挥农用气象信息的指导作用,达到有效服务于农业生产,切实提高农业防灾减灾能力.     

近36年湖南省干湿的空间分布特征及变化趋势

利用湖南省80个测站1970—2005年降水和蒸发资料,采用REOF、小波分析和M-K突变分析等方法,对湖南省干湿的空间分布特征和变化趋势进行分析。研究表明:湖南省干湿存在4个干旱区域和3个湿润区域,除湘南、湘西和湘东部分地区外,其余地区有变湿趋势。根据EOF和REOF分析,湖南省干湿空间分布既有全区一致性,也存在南部和北部及湘中与周围地区相反变化的差异,大致可以分为湘南湘西南、湘北、湘中、湘东北4个异常区,且各异常区于1980年代末—1990年代初有一个由干向湿的转变过程。除湘中区外其他各区域1970年代中期以前和1990年代之后处于湿润时期,1980年代处于干旱时期。湘北区和湘中区存在2.6、5.3和11.6年的周期干湿变化;湘南、湘西南区和湘东北区存在2.6、7和16年的干湿变化。     

两类强对流天气过程的模式模拟及其比较

基于雷达探测数据和地面天气现象,应用MM5模式对冰雹大风和龙卷两类强对流天气过程进行数值模拟,分析模式模拟回波和雷达实际回波,研究模拟的微物理和动力特征,探讨两类强对流天气微物理和动力特征差异之间的可能原因。结果表明:(1)在雷达回波的模拟方面,两类强对流天气过程的模拟效果较好,模拟的雷达回波具有一定的可靠性。(2)冰雹大风过程的微物理模拟说明,雪晶位于0℃层以上;与雨水情况相对应的回波带等值线较为密集;云水含量主要分布在0℃层以下,呈分散分布形态;雨水含量在0℃层上下皆有分布。由龙卷过程的微物理模拟可知,云水含量主要分布在0℃层以下,基本连片分布;雨水含量在0℃层以下有所分布,但主要分布在0℃层以上,且数值大,等值线密集;云冰含量也是呈现零星分布。(3)从动力特征的模拟来看,强对流天气过程对应于强的上升运动,但是较强的上升运动区域并不分布在回波带的固定位置。     

A Diagnostic and Numerical Study on a Rainstorm in South China Induced by a Northward-Propagating Tropical System

A strong cyclonic wind perturbation generated in the northern South China Sea （SCS） moved northward quickly and developed into a mesoscale vortex in southwest Guangdong Province, and then merged with a southward-moving shear line from mid latitudes in the period of 21-22 May 2006, during which three strong mesoscale convective systems （MCSs） formed and brought about torrential rain or even cloudburst in South China. With the 1° ×1° NCEP （National Centers for Environment Prediction） reanalysis data and the Weather and Research Forecast （WRF） mesoscale model, a numerical simulation, a potential vorticity inversion analysis, and some sensitivity experiments are carried out to reveal the formation mechanism of this rainfall event. In the meantime, conventional observations, satellite images, and the WRF model outputs are also utilized to perform a preliminary dynamic and thermodynamic diagnostic analysis of the rainstorm systems. It is found that the torrential rain occurred in favorable synoptic conditions such as warm and moist environment, low lifting condensation level, and high convective instability. The moisture transport by strong southerly winds associated with the rapid northward advance of the cyclonic wind perturbation over the northern SCS provided the warm and moist condition for the formation of the excessive rain. Under the dynamic steering of a southwesterly flow ahead of a north trough and that on the southwest side of the West Pacific subtropical high, the mesoscale vortex （or the cyclonic wind perturbation）, after its genesis, moved northward and brought about enormous rain in most parts of Guangdong Province through providing certain lifting forcing for the triggering of mesoscale convection. During the development of the mesoscale vortex, heavy rainfall was to a certain extent enhanced by the mesoscale topography of the Yunwu Mountain in Guangdong. The effect of the Yunwu Mountain is found to vary under different prevailing wind directions and intensities. The location o     

An Assessment on the Performance of IPCC AR4 Climate Models in Simulating Interdecadal Variations of the East Asian Summer Monsoon

Observations from several data centers together with a categorization method are used to evaluate the IPCC AR4 （Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Fourth Assessment Report） climate models＇ performance in simulating the interdecadal variations of summer precipitation and monsoon circulation in East Asia. Out of 19 models under examination, 9 models can relatively well reproduce the 1979-1999 mean June-July-August （JJA） precipitation in East Asia, but only 3 models （Category-1 models） can capture the interdecadal variation of precipitation in East Asia. These 3 models are： GFDL-CM2.0, MIROC3.2 （hires）, and MIROC3.2 （medres）, among which the GFDL-CM2.0 gives the best performance. The reason for the poor performance of most models in simulating the East Asian summer monsoon interdecadal variation lies in that the key dynamic and thermal-dynamic mechanisms behind the East Asian monsoon change are missed by the models, e.g., the large-scale tropospheric cooling and drying over East Asia. In contrast, the Category-1 models relatively well reproduce the variations in vertical velocity and water vapor over East Asia and thus show a better agreement with observations in simulating the pattern of ＂wet south and dry north＂ in China in the past 20 years.
It is assessed that a single model＇s performance in simulating a particular variable has great impacts on the ensemble results. More realistic outputs can be obtained when the multi-model ensemble is carried out using a suite of well-performing models for a specific variable, rather than using all available models. This indicates that although a multi-model ensemble is in general better than a single model, the best ensemble mean cannot be achieved without looking into each member model＇s performance.     

新书架

《IAP九层大气环流模式》;《雷电防护关键技术研究》;《中国西北云水资源开发利用研究》;《干旱气象学》