等轴自然硅在我国的发现

我们发现的等轴自然硅产于安徽贵池的天然河流重砂中,共生矿物有锡石、锆石、磁铁矿、金红石、(?)石、四方硅铁矿、角闪石和辉石等,自然硅与四方硅铁矿呈连生体。自然硅为灰黑色,金属光泽,不透明,颗粒大小0.074—0.015mm,显微硬度1018.9kg/mm~2,密度2.32g/cm~3六个不同颗粒自然硅电子探针分析结果:Si 99.11,Fe 0.138,Al 0.034,Sn 0.16。最强的衍射线为3.12(10,111),1.91(8,220),1.635(8,311),1.105(7,422)。晶胞参数α=5.430A,V=160.103A~3,Z=8.     

一种植硅石沉积天然微纳米硅碳矿的发现

全球尚无植硅石成矿的先例,近年在江西省丰城市石炉坑发现一种植硅石沉积的天然微纳米硅碳矿床。赋矿岩石由浅灰色—灰黑色植硅石岩,是由大量植硅体堆积固结成岩形成的植硅石,不含孢粉也极少见硅藻,形成于始新世中期—中新世早期温暧湖泽环境沉积。硅碳矿石主要由微米—纳米级石英和固定碳组成,含少量其他杂质;SiO2含量65%~85%、固定碳9%~20%,硅和碳矿物具多孔结构。硅碳矿石通过超细研磨和分选的方式,可获得微米级石英产率49.7%,SiO2含量99.95%,其中粒度在80~200 nm纳米级石英产率可达25%,微米级碳产率30%。植硅石经湿法物理分选可直接制备橡胶补强填料、高硬碳化硅、污水处理和导电性材料等;经矿石矿物加工分离提纯试验,可得介孔硅、介孔碳、白炭黑、纳微硅粉等材料,其工业价值极高。目前暂定为天然微—纳米硅碳矿床,资源储量规模为大型。     

Hydrothermal Origin of Early Permian Chert Nodules in theCentral North China Craton Linked to Northern MarginCratonic Activation

Sedimentary chert phases from the Archean to the present are widely used to trace sedimentary environments and tectonic settings. Recently,chert nodules occurring within carbonates have been the subject of possible hydrothermal or biogenic origin,in lieu of a diagenetic origin.However,chert nodules from a vast cratonic basin represent extremely rich silica accumulations but less noted is how they respond to submarine hydrothermal activity (and/or surface siliceous organism productivity). The links between the cratonic-type chert depositions and environmental changes regarding cratonic evolution need to be revisited at a large temporal-spatial scale. The chert nodules are widespread throughout the Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation in the North China Craton (NCC).Several Taiyuan chert-rich successions across the NCC have been selected to study possible links between chert deposition and cratonic evolution in scenario of partial cratonic activation of the northern NCC margin during the Late Paleozoic.Based on stratigraphic correlation,the chert nodules are ubiquitously,evenly distributed throughout the Taiyuan Formation at a large craton-basin scale from the northern to southern interior NCC.Petrological results,elemental abundances,together with silicon and oxygen isotopic compositions of chert samples infer significant hydrothermal contributions for the silica accumulations. Therefore, the cratonic-scale chert depositions of hydrothermal origin infer a giant and remote silica reservoir,linking to the large igneous province and magmatism in the NCC northern margins.The Taiyuan chert nodules could be unique marine sedimentary archives recording the Late Paleozoic NCC partial activation,which also generated continental records of igneous rocks,bauxites and tuffs.The strong tectonics of the northern margin,south-dipping topography and northward transgression of the Early Permian NCC facilitated the chert deposition on the shallow marine platform in the cratonic interior.     

河南舞阳经山寺铁矿床C-O-Si同位素成矿物质来源示踪

河南经山寺铁矿位于华北板块南缘,矿体形态为似层状、透镜状,铁建造以条带状铁矿石为主,含有少量的块状矿石,其顶底板围岩及矿体夹层主要为太华群铁山庙组大理岩。为探讨矿床成矿物质来源,对铁矿床进行碳、氧、硅同位素特征进行分析和研究,研究结果表明,矿化样品方解石的碳、氧同位素组成为δ13CV-PDB=-5.2‰~-1.4‰,δ18OV-SMOW=8.5‰~16.9‰,围岩大理岩样品方解石的碳、氧同位素组成为δ13CV-PDB=-1.0‰~1.6‰,δ18OV-SMOW=20.3‰~23.4‰,说明在成矿流体与围岩发生了水-岩反应,且流体与围岩发生了同位素交换,碳同位素组成主要由海相沉积碳酸盐岩经溶解作用提供的,且受中低温蚀变作用的影响,δ18OH2O组成值变化范围较大,指示热液体系可能为岩浆水和海水的混合热液。石英辉石磁铁矿矿石中石英的硅同位素组成为δ30SiNBS-28=-1.9‰~-0.4‰,围岩浅粒岩中硅同位素组成为δ30SiNBS-28=0‰,表明条带状铁建造中硅质来源于火山喷气作用,在变质成矿作用过程中硅同位素发生了动力学分馏作用,条带状铁建造中硅质沉淀造成δ30Si显示负值,综合分析认为,经山寺铁矿应属前寒武纪海底火山-沉积环境中热水化学沉积产物。     

Factors affecting seasonality of lithogenic and biogenic particle flux in a large estuarine ecosystem

Seasonal patterns of vertical flux over two years (2001–2003) at two stations in the Bras d'Or Lakes, a large estuary in Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, were determined using aluminum and organic carbon in settled particles collected in moored traps to calculate lithogenic (terrigenous) and marine biogenic fractions. On an annual basis, lithogenic material comprised 53% and 81% of dry weight and 48% and 66% of organic carbon in settled particles at the deep- (128 m) and shallow-water (41 m) locations, respectively. Peaks in runoff, inferred from rain and snowfall precipitation, ice cover and possible horizontal transport of resuspended sediment coincided with maximum sedimentation rates of lithogenic material during unstratified periods between October and March. Biological factors correlated with phytoplankton and ice algal primary production and seasonal changes in zooplankton grazing inferred from phaeopigments controlled biogenic particle fluxes under stratified conditions between June and September and during winter. Year-to-year variations in deposition of lithogenic and marine biogenic material depended on seasonal differences in stratification, precipitation, freeze/melt conditions and the extent of ice cover.     

胶州湾水温和营养盐硅限制初级生产力的时空变化

根据作者近年来对胶州湾水域的主要研究结果,分析和探讨了营养盐硅和水温对浮游植物生长的变化和其集群结构的改变影响,研究了胶州湾初级生产力的年变化过程是如何受到营养盐硅和水温的限制和提高,其时间阶段和空间区域又如何划分,营养盐硅和水温如何控制不同阶段和不同区域的初级生产力。同时,揭示了营养盐硅或水温在时间和空间的尺度上如何控制浮游植物生长的变化过程,而且在时空的变化中,2种因子营养盐硅和水温在时间和空间的尺度上又如何有顺序的控制,产生出各种类型的生产力。研究结果展示了在初级生产力的时间和空间的变化过程中,营养盐硅和水温控制初级生产力的不同时间阶段,尤其用增殖能力展示了水温对浮游植物生长的控制时间阶段;营养盐硅控制初级生产力的不同空间区域。从而阐明了营养盐硅和水温控制初级生产力的变化过程。从陆地到海洋界面的硅输送量决定了初级生产力的时间变化过程;硅的生物地球化学过程决定了初级生产力的空间变化过程。因而,营养盐硅和水温是浮游植物生长的“发动机”,营养盐硅是主要的,而水温是次要的。     

The Western North Pacific Playing a Key Role in Global Biogeochemical Fluxes

The oceanic biogeochemical fluxes in the North Pacific, especially its northwestern part, are discussed to prove their importance on a global scale. First, the air-sea exchange processes of chemical substances are considered quantitatively. The topics discussed are sea salt particles transported to land, sporadic transport of soil dust to the ocean and its role in the marine ecosystem, the larger gas transfer velocity of CO₂ indicating the effect of bubbles, and DMS and greenhouse gases other than CO₂. Next, chemical tracers are utilized to reveal the water circulation systems in the region, which are the Pacific Deep Water including its vertical eddy diffusivity, the North Pacific Intermediate Water and the Japan Sea Deep Water. Thirdly, the particulate transport process of chemical substances through the water column is clarified by analyzing the distribution of insoluble radionuclides and the results obtained from sediment trap experiments. Fourthly, the northern North Pacific is characterized by stating the site decomposing organic matter and Si playing a key role in the marine ecosystem. Both are induced by the upwelled Pacific Deep Water. Fifthly, the oceanic CO₂ system related to global warming is presented by clarifying the distribution of anthropogenic CO₂ in the western North Pacific, and roles of the upwelled Pacific Deep Water and the continental shelf zone in the absorption of atmospheric CO₂. Finally, Mn and other chemical substances in sediments are discussed as recorders of the early diagenesis and indicators of low biological productivity during glacial ages in the northwestern North Pacific. It is concluded that the western North Pacific is characterized mainly by the Pacific Deep Water bringing nutrients to the northern North Pacific, located at the exit of the global deep water circulation and, therefore, the region plays a key role in the global biogeochemical fluxes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

地球生态系统的营养盐硅补充机制

通过海洋生态系统的结构和功能以及海洋生态系统对大气生态系统和陆地生态系统的影响,根据营养盐硅对浮游植物生长的影响过程和浮游植物的生理特征以及其集群结构的改变特点的研究结果,综合分析了硅的生物地球化学过程,探讨了人类对生态环境的影响和生态环境变化对地球生态系统的影响。提出了地球生态系统的营养盐硅的补充机制:近岸的洪水、大气的沙尘暴和海底的沉积物向缺硅的水体输入大量的硅,即由陆地、大气、海底3种途径将硅输入海水水体中,满足浮游植物的生长的需要,保持海洋中浮游植物生长的动态平衡,促进海洋生态系统的可持续发展。     

δ30Si and δ29Si Determinations on USGS BHVO-1 and BHVO-2 Reference Materials with a New Configuration on a Nu Plasma Multi-Collector ICP-MS

We report silicon isotopic determinations for USGS rock reference materials BHVO-1 and BHVO-2 using a Nu Plasma multi-collector (MC)-ICP-MS, upgraded with a new adjustable entrance slit, to obtain medium resolution, as well as a stronger primary pump and newly designed sampler and skimmer cones ("B" cones). These settings, combined with the use of collector slits, allowed a resolution to be reached that was sufficient to overcome the ¹⁴N¹⁶O and ¹⁴N₂ interferences overlying the ³⁰Si and the ²⁸Si peaks, respectively, in an earlier set-up. This enabled accurate measurement of both δ³⁰Si and δ²⁹Si. The δ value is expressed in per mil variation relative to the NBS 28 quartz reference material. Based on data acquired from numerous sessions spread over a period of six months, we propose a recommended average δ³⁰Si of −0.33 ± 0.05‰ and −0.29 ± 0.11‰ (2se) for BHVO-1 and BHVO-2, respectively. Our BHVO grand mean silicon isotope composition (δ³⁰Si =−0.31 ± 0.06‰) is significantly more negative than the only published value for BHVO-2, but is in very good agreement with the recently established average value of ocean island basalts (OIB), confirming the conclusion that the OIB reservoir has a distinct isotopic composition from the solar reservoir as sampled by chondrites.     

煤矸石制作硅肥技术试验研究

煤矸石制作硅肥时应先对煤矸石进行活化处理。通过在煤矸石中加入助剂,采取高温煅烧方法,研究出了煤矸石中有效硅活化的最佳助剂比例为煤矸石:CaCO₃:Na2CO₃:NaOH=1:0.1:0.5:0.05;煤矸石活化的最佳温度为700℃;最佳煅烧时间为2h;最佳粒度为80目。依据煅烧试验结果,提出了煤矸石制作硅肥的工艺技术。经对试验制成的硅肥成分与有害元素测试,符合国家硅肥标准。