晚更新世末期南海北部陆架的古地理探讨

根据地球物理综合调查,沉积物的粒度、矿物成分、石英砂粒扫描电镜分析,14T测年,以及微体古生物等成果,表明南海北部外陆架地区在更新世末期,冬半年气候干寒,东北风强劲,风沙活动强烈,砂丘广布,为干寒多风沙的自然环境。     

浅海底瞬变电磁探测技术研究新进展

瞬变电磁法应用于浅海底进行资源勘探或工程地质勘查时,需要将仪器系统和观测装置置于海底,以克服海水屏蔽效应。因此,要求能够远程控制仪器进行自动化数据采集;同时,受工作环境影响,需要将观测装置小型化;另外,通过拖曳式测量提高工作效率。总结课题组目前的研究成果,就仪器系统研制、观测装置小型化、拖曳式测量及海水影响等内容的研究进展进行了简要叙述。     

Late amagmatic extension along the central and eastern segments of the West Philippine Basin fossil spreading axis

The spreading processes within the West Philippine Basin (WPB) remain partly unknown. This study presents an analysis of the tectono-magmatic processes that happened along its spreading axis during the conclusion of the last spreading phase at 33/30 Ma. We demonstrate that the late episode of N-S opening from an E-W-trending spreading system has been followed by a late tectonic event occurring in the central and eastern parts of the basin. This event was responsible for transtensional strain accommodated along the NW-SE faults cutting through the former E-W rift valley in the central part of the basin. In its eastern part, the same event occurred at a larger extent and led to the creation of a new NW-SE axis, obliquely cutting the older E-W spreading segments and their associated spreading fabrics. At this location, several tens of kilometers of slightly oblique amagmatic extension occurred following a ∼60° direction. We propose that this late event is associated with the onset of E-W opening of the Parece-Vela Basin located along the eastern border of the WPB at 30 Ma. Extensive stresses within this basin were probably transmitted to the hot and easily deformable rift zone of the WPB. The newly-created NW-SE axis most likely propagated from east to west, being responsible for scissors opening within the WPB. NE-SW extension ceased when well-organized spreading started at 26 Ma in Parece-Vela Basin, accommodating entirely the global extensive stress pattern.     

基于geodatabase的海底探测数据库的构建

介绍了基于geodatabase面向对象数据库模型存储海底探测数据的优势,提出了建立基于geodatabase的海底探测数据库对海底探测数据一体化管理的解决方案,以地球物理调查数据为例,对基于geodatabase的面向对象数据库模型建立流程进行了讨论,并将其成功的应用到实际工作中。     

深海底热液活动研究热点

深海底热液活动是现代海洋地质科学研究的前沿热点, 我国这方面的研究工作刚刚开展, 亟需对现有研究成果进行总结。本文对海底热液活动的调查研究过程和现状进行了回顾, 重点分析了热液喷溢动力过程的理论研究成果, 从实测事件数据的研究成果中找出了影响热液柱的形态和分布的各种因素, 并对热液烟囱和极端温度微生物等海洋学研究热点进行了分析, 为深海热液活动调查和理论研究提供基础。      

我国海洋环境地质

我国海洋地质环境研究始于20世纪50至60年代,80至90年代是我国海洋环境地质学形成和快速发展时期。灾害地质是海洋环境地质研究的先行领域,全球变化研究也取得长足进展。全球变化、区域海洋环境地质调查、滨海城市地质、沿海地下水环境、海洋灾害地质、海底不稳定性、滨海湿地、人类活动对海洋地质环境影响等,都是今后我国海洋环境地质研究的重要方向。我国海岸带地质环境,具有构造活动性强、入海泥沙大、多风暴潮、人工环境非常突出等特征。海岸带基本环境问题包括地质资源利用、人为工程环境、流域环境变化、海平面上升等对海岸带环境影响4个方面。黄河、长江、珠江三大三角洲,除共性问题外,还存在各自独特的环境地质问题。海底不稳定性和灾害地质因素是目前近海环境地质学研究的主要课题,大抵可分为构造、斜坡、底型和结构4种不稳定性。中国近海有六大类约40种灾害地质因素。根据地质环境特征,中国近海可分为17个环境地质区。     

西南印度洋龙旂、断桥热液区沉积物中重矿物空间分布特征及其意义

以中国大洋第34航次在西南印度洋龙旂与断桥热液区采集的洋底表层沉积物样品为研究对象,为洋中脊热液硫化物勘查重砂找矿工作提供一定的理论与工作基础,开展了沉积物自然重砂矿物的相关研究。绘制了研究区重砂矿物分布图,并根据研究区已探明热液矿体(喷口)的位置,对沉积物重分散晕的形成与分布规律进行了分析;从研究区沉积物的34种矿物中,筛选出3种沉积物重砂找矿的指示性矿物(重砂总量、黄铜矿、黄铁矿)及5种参考性矿物指标(帘石类矿物、透闪石、磁铁矿、铬铁矿、钛铁矿);运用统计学方法,建立了沉积物中指标矿物含量与矿源距离之间的线性方程,提出了根据测站沉积物中指标矿物含量,初步推算矿源距离的方法。     

The Relationship between Propagation Time and Sound Velocity Profile for Positioning Seafloor Reference Points

This paper focuses on the relationship between the propagation time and the integral of the sound velocity profile (SVP) with respect to depth (SVP area for short) for positioning seafloor reference points. We proved a linear relationship between the propagation time and the SVP area and defined its mathematical expression (ST law). We showed in three simulations of possible variations in SVPs (random errors, internal waves, or a combination of both) that this ST law is verified. Using this new law in a simulated experiment, the ranging residuals due to sound velocity change through time are significantly improved. With this method, monitoring the SVP while acquiring travel times to a submerged transponder can significantly reduce the positioning errors of the transponder.