海洋平台复杂节点阴极保护电位分布的有限元法计算

了解阴极保护电位分布是合理设计阴极保护工程的必要条件和评价阴极保护效果的重要依据。本文应用有限元素法(FEM)计算海洋平台复杂节点表面的阴极保护电位分布。在实验室通过边界条件试验建立数学模型,计算海水中被保护的I,Y,K型复杂节点电位分布情况。计算结果与测量结果吻合得很好,说明FEM能够应用于海洋平台复杂节点阴极保护电位分布的计算,所获得的边界条件合理。     

The effect of tidal inlets on open coast storm surge hydrographs

Bridge scour modeling requires storm surge hydrographs as open ocean boundary conditions for coastal waters surrounding tidal inlets. These open coast storm surge hydrographs are used to accurately determine both horizontal and vertical circulation patterns, and thus scour, within the inlet and bay for an extreme event. At present, very little information is available on the effect that tidal inlets have on these open coast storm surge hydrographs. Furthermore, current modeling practice enforces a single design hydrograph along the open coast boundary for bridge scour models. This study expands on these concepts and provides a more fundamental understanding on both of these modeling areas.     

桩式离岸堤保滩促淤工程消浪效果试验研究

在上海奉贤南北港保滩促淤工程中，采用了一种新型结构型式－桩式离岸堤，并通过物理模式试验进行了桩式离岸堤消浪效果研究。针对离岸堤通常建于近岸水区破波带的特点，重点研究水深，堤高以及堤身结构对波浪衰减的影响，同时对桩式离岸堤堤后水域的波浪底流速 分析探讨。研究结果表明，桩式离岸堤不仅具有良好的消浪效果。而且可在较大范围内改变波态，即由引起水体剧烈紊动的破波转变为浅水推进波，从而有效地改善海滩上的动力条件，促进海滩免受侵蚀，是一种具有广泛应用前景和新型保滩促淤结构。     

海洋平台阴极保护监测系统的研制及应用

介绍了自行研制的海洋平台阴极保护监测系统，它由双电极电位测量探头，牺牲阳极输出电流测量探头，信号传输电缆系统和微机数据采集系统组成，并结合近10a其在南海北部近海石油开发区的应用和运行状况，对阴极保护监测系统的性能，作用及意义进行了系统论述，以期为进一步的工作奠定基础。     

黄河三角洲前缘桩106至黄河海港岸段海底地形冲淤变化研究

1976年黄河改道从水清沟入海后,黄河三角洲前沿桩106至黄河海港岸段的海底地形遭受强烈侵蚀,岸滩不断蚀退。黄河三角洲强侵蚀岸段岸线监测资料与历史资料分析研究结果表明,1985-2004年该区最大侵蚀深度达7.5 m,其强侵蚀区中心位置经历了由西北向东南移动的过程,范围不断缩小,目前局部地区已发生淤积现象。种种迹象表明,从冲淤并存和以侵蚀为主向冲淤平衡过渡的现象还将长期进行下去。     

海泥环境中阴极保护的边界元计算

根据阴极保护的特点,建立了用于数值计算的模型;采用边界元方法对海泥介质中的阴极保护系统进行了计算,获得了海泥中钢管表面以及海泥介质内部的电位分布。将计算的结果与测量的数据进行比较,两者具有较好的一致性。     

海水中A3钢样阴极保护电化学场的二维有限元计算

有限元法已被证明是计算阴极保护场中电位、电流密度分布的有效方法。作者建立了二维的有限元数学模型,并讨论了模型中电化学场的非线性边界条件的处理和非线性方程组的迭代法解法。用构建的模型对简单的阴极保护模拟体系进行了分析,得出了较合理的结果。     

Reduction of sand demand for shore protection

Beach nourishment is an environmentally preferred method of shore protection, but the annual sand requirement may lead to substantial maintenance costs. The shoreline processes, involving the surf zone, beach and dune, are reviewed with the aim of reducing the annual sand requirement of eroding shorelines. It is shown that surf zones with equilibrium profiles, on which the wave energy conversion is evenly distributed across the surf zone, from experience for given conditions indicate least loss of sand. On steep, eroding shorelines it may be difficult to establish an equilibrium profile. For such cases, the use of perched surf zones is recommended, which are supported at the seaward limit by an underwater sill. For reduction of littoral transport, the use of pervious pile groynes is recommended. These are arguably more efficient than impervious groynes. The sand loss from a usually dry beach by raised water levels is shown to be a function of the beach slope and is least when the storm waves at raised water levels do not cut an erosion escarpment. The loss of sand from a dune by infrequent severe storm tides can be prevented with the aid of a built-in membrane. These sand losses are usually large and constitute an uneconomic use of this sand resource. The proposed concepts and measures are linked to existing knowledge, augmented by data from the large wave flume (LWF) in Germany and field data from the North and Baltic Sea coasts.     

胶州湾营养盐的现状和变化

报道了１９９１年５月至１９９４年２月１２个航次胶州湾ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ，ＮＨ４－Ｎ，ＰＯ４－Ｐ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ的时空分布基本特征，６０年代于至９０年代的变化表明，胶州湾营养盐的浓度和分布已发生显变化。尤其从６０年代至８０年代，３０年来，胶州湾中东部水城ＰＯ４－Ｐ，ＮＯ３－Ｎ和ＮＨ４－Ｎ浓度分别增加２．２，７．３和７．１倍，ＴＯＮ浓度也增加了３．５倍，ＴＩＮ／ＰＯ４－Ｐ从１０增加至２４．２；Ｔ     

胜利二号极浅海步行坐底式钻井平台防腐措施研究

本文根据胜利二号极浅海步行坐底钻井平台的作业和工作环境特点，进行了防腐措施研究，设计了切合实际的防腐措施。该平台在海上作业近四年进坞修理，经观测防腐情况良好。