再谈如何做好地勘项目预算编制工作

地质勘查预算标准是安排省地勘项目的主要依据,预算编制水平直接影响财政资金的分配和地勘项目的管理。从预算编制的准备工作、技术条件、表式分类、工作手段及费用指标解释、编制说明等各方面逐一进行了分析和阐述,具有一定的实用性和可操作性,对于提高和完善预算编制工作,具有促进和推动作用。     

O-羧甲基壳聚糖的制备及其结构表征

本文以壳聚糖为原料,采用苯甲醛选择性的保护壳聚糖C2位氨基的方法,制备了O-羧甲基壳聚糖(O-CMC)。采用红外光谱及核磁共振波谱法对产物结构进行了表征,确定了羧甲基化反应只发生在壳聚糖的O位。该方法制备得到的O-CMC的羧甲基度为42.2%,反应选择性好,步骤简单,产率高达85%。     

浅论土地整理与地质环境保护问题与对策——以枞阳县实施土地整理项目为例

枞阳县地处低山丘陵地区,地表主要为第四系松散层和火山岩,如何在这类地质环境地区进行土地整理,确保项目实施高效安全,以达到增加耕地面积、提高耕地质量,这是一个新的研究领域.本文拟从分析枞阳地质环境对土地整理的影响入手,提出土地整理应与地质环境相适宜的思路.     

城市地下管线普查技术准备过程质量控制

针对城市地下管线普查的技术准备工作,从资料搜集、现场踏勘、探测仪器方法试验、探测仪器一致性校验、技术设计书编制和技术交底等六个方面,详细论述了过程质量控制的方法与措施。     

高稀释比熔融-X射线荧光光谱法分析硅酸盐岩石样品中18种组分

选取土壤、水系沉积物、岩石、超基性岩、黏土等标准物质,应用混合溶剂与样品质量比为14：1的高稀释比方法熔融制备测试样品,拟合校准曲线,建立X射线荧光光谱（XRF）同时测定硅酸盐岩石样品中18种组分（SiO₂、Al₂O₃、TFe₂O₃、MgO、CaO、K₂O、Na₂O、TiO₂、BaO、MnO、P₂O₅、Cr₂O₃、V₂O₅、Rb、Sr、Zr、Cu、Ni）的快速分析方法.应用帕纳科Eagon2全自动高频电感熔样机,称取7.0000 g（45Li₂B₄O₇+10LiBO₂+5LiF）混合溶剂与0.5000 g样品混合均匀,分别加入氧化剂饱和硝酸铵溶液2滴,脱模剂饱和溴化锂溶液4滴,于700℃先预氧化4 min,再1 120℃熔融9 min制备样片,自然冷却至室温.此熔样方法能保证样品中待测组分熔化完全,并制得表面光滑平整的样片.用国家标准物质验证,测试结果的准确度和精密度均符合《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》（DZ/T 0130-2006）要求.     

加速溶剂萃取技术在油气化探样品稠环芳烃测定前处理中的应用

油气化探样品测定芳烃物质的提取方法通常采用振荡提取,在实际的样品测试过程中,这种前处理方法效率较低,得到的提取液用于分析测定的结果重现性较差。本文对油气化探样品稠环芳烃的提取方法进行改进,采用加速溶剂萃取技术,对实际样品进行试验,考察了压力、静态萃取时间和萃取温度对稠环芳烃萃取效率的影响,确定最佳的萃取条件为: 萃取压力8.3 MPa,静态时间5 min,萃取温度80 ℃。对比了加速溶剂萃取与传统振荡提取应用于油气化探样品前处理的提取效率,证实了加速溶剂萃取技术可以显著提高萃取效率,稠环芳烃的荧光强度提高60.5%~152.6%,方法的稳定性好,测定结果的精密度高,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=7)低于4%。加速溶剂萃取技术优于传统振荡法,更能满足油气化探样品分析测试的准确度与精密度要求,可以应用于油气化探样品前处理过程。     

Sample preparation methods for quantitative detection of DNA by molecular assays and marine biosensors

The need for quantitative molecular methods is growing in environmental, food, and medical fields but is hindered by low and variable DNA extraction and by co-extraction of PCR inhibitors. DNA extracts from Enterococcus faecium, seawater, and seawater spiked with E. faecium and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were tested by qPCR for target recovery and inhibition. Conventional and novel methods were tested, including Synchronous Coefficient of Drag Alteration (SCODA) and lysis and purification systems used on an automated genetic sensor (the Environmental Sample Processor, ESP). Variable qPCR target recovery and inhibition were measured, significantly affecting target quantification. An aggressive lysis method that utilized chemical, enzymatic, and mechanical disruption enhanced target recovery compared to commercial kit protocols. SCODA purification did not show marked improvement over commercial spin columns. Overall, data suggested a general need to improve sample preparation and to accurately assess and account for DNA recovery and inhibition in qPCR applications.     

Geographers in Business,Government, and Nonprofit Organizations: Skills,Challenges, and Professional Identities

This study examines the experiences of geography graduates who work in business, government, and nonprofit organizations. We analyzed 352 logs from eighty-two professionals detailing professional activities, challenges, and opportunities during one work week each month, over a period of six months. Our analysis explores interpersonal relationships and working conditions affecting participants’ progress toward work goals, workplace climate, and professional identity. Geographic information systems and technology accounted for more than half of the geographic skills respondents reported using on the job, and administrative and leadership factors were the most commonly cited types of transferable skills. Professional geographers value collaborative workplaces as well as opportunities to work independently with the confidence of their supervisors, and their sense of a professional identity is enhanced when they feel valued and are recognized for their work. Professional development activities are important because they reinforce geographers’ sense of positively contributing to their organizations, enhance interpersonal interactions, facilitate work on specific projects, and expand individuals’ knowledge and skills. Moreover, our findings suggest that nearly half of the reported workplace difficulties could potentially be reduced or eliminated as a result of more and better professional development. Nonetheless, many employers do not consistently provide opportunities for professional development to their employees. Based on our analysis, we contend that professional development is a beneficial investment for lifelong learning, from undergraduate and graduate education throughout the entire course of a professional career.     

野战钻井快速造浆机的研制

随着近年来给水部队钻井装备的不断更新,钻井设备的自动化程度和施工效率大大提高。与此同时,原来配制周期较长的泥浆配制设备及工艺就显得更加落后,急需进行改进,以适应现代战争对野战给水工程保障快速高效的特点。因此,根据西北水井施工特点和黄土块特征及水井施工实际情况,研制了一种新型快速造浆机。介绍了该新型快速造浆机的工作原理、结构特点和实际使用效果。     

榆横矿区赵石畔井田勘探钻探施工技术

榆横矿区赵石畔井田勘探中探索和总结钻探工艺,选择合理的设备和机具,使用适合的泥浆体系,特别是肋骨钻头和卡断器配合长岩心管钻具使用,大幅度提高了钻探效率,减少孔内事故,保证施工质量,该工艺对该地区钻探施工有重要意义。