植物胶冲洗液在海洋勘察钻进护孔中的试验应用

海洋工程钻探由于受到环境条件的限制,常用海水配制泥浆。由于海水中含盐以及杂质中的Ga2+、Mg2+均对浆液的性能造成破坏,为此,通过对泥浆材料进行选择、配比,并经实践试验得出适合海上钻探环境的护壁泥浆,有效解决了海上钻探泥浆材料选择和具体配制问题。     

初始组构各向异性对砂土力学特性及临界状态的影响

采用离散元方法,利用半径扩展法和重力沉积法分别生成具有初始各向同性和各向异性内结构的试样,并开展三轴不排水压缩和拉伸试验,研究不同制样方法产生的初始各向异性对砂土宏微观力学特性及其临界状态的影响。运用组构张量对砂土的各向异性进行量化,分析不同初始组构各向异性对组构张量演化的影响并确定了组构张量的临界值。试验结果表明：初始组构各向异性对试样的剪胀性有重要影响,由于受重力影响形成初始各向异性,其各向异性程度越大、组构方向与加载方向越一致,剪胀性越显著;初始组构各向异性对试样的临界状态没有影响,砂土的组构张量具有唯一的临界状态值。     

Evaluation of antitumor, immunomodulatory and free radical scavenging effects of a new herbal prescription seaweed complex preparation

Seaweed Complex Preparation (SCP) is a clinical traditional Chinese medicine preparation which is composed of seven traditional Chinese herbs, and it has been used for treatment of lung cancer, liver cancer and digestive cancer. However, little information is available about the pharmacodynamic basis. The antitumor, immunomodulatory and free radical scavenging effects of SCP were evaluated in this study. Transplanted tumor in vivo method was used to determine the antitumor effect. The effects on splenocyte proliferation and phagocytosis of macrophages in tumor-bearing mice were measured by the MTT method and the phagocytizing cock red blood cell (CRBC) method respectively. The scavenging activities of SCP on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals in vitro were investigated. It was found that the medium-dose and high-dose of SCP could significantly inhibit the growth of transplanted hepatic tumor of murine hepatocarcinoma cell line H22, and promote proliferation of splenocytes and phagocytosis of macrophages. SCP possessed noticeable scavenging activities on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals. The antitumor effects of SCP might be achieved by improving immune system and scavenging free radicals, which is in accordance with the viewpoint of traditional Chinese medicine in promoting the body resistance and eliminating pathogenic factors for cancer treatment.     

县级土地整治规划编制思路探讨——以诸城市土地整治规划编制为例

诸城市是国土资源部确定的土地整治规划编制6个试点县之一。结合诸城市土地整治规划编制,探讨县级土地整治规划的编制思路。首先准确定位土地整治规划的目标,进行前期研究,总结上轮规划情况,分析土地现状,开展专题研究,然后合理确定规划的目标,因地制宜地进行土地整治分区,最后规范确定土地整治重点项目。     

Research on the Dynamic Change of Regional Stress Fields before the M_S8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake

Using the digital telemetric seismic waveform data of Chengdu and Kunming, this article studies the focal mechanism solutions and the apparent stress values of a large number of small earthquakes, and then analyzes the dynamic variation of regional stress fields and the spatio-temporal distribution of apparent stress values. The annual variation values of the azimuth of average principal stress field before the May 12, 2008 M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in the Sichuan-Yunnan region were 58° from 2003 to 2004, 85° from 2003 to 2005,61° from 2006 to 2007 and 90° from 2006 to April 2008 respectively. In recent years, deflection or disturbances occurred in the azimuth of the average principal stress field in the Sichuan-Yunnan region. Analysis shows that this may be related to the change of stress field states of crustal blocks before and after the December 26, 2004 M_S9.0 Sumatra earthquake and the 2008 M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. The ratio of thrust-type earthquakes in the Sichuan-Qinghai block was on the higher side in the period from 2006 to 2007, and the source faulting type of the regional moderate and small earthquakes had changed before the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. The change of state of the stress field is consistent with the changes in block displacement fields revealed by GPS data and the crustal shortening velocity vertical to the Longmenshan fault zone. Based on the radiation energy calculated from all bands of the seismic waveform, the value of apparent stress σ_app is obtained. The fluctuation shape of the fitting trend of the apparent stress is related to the intensity of regional seismicity. It reveals that the micro-dynamic fluctuation process of the regional stress value is similar to the azimuth transition of the regional principal compressive stress field, which can be used to probe for pregnant physical processes. Areas with a higher value of apparent stress σ_app are possible areas of potential seismic risk. It can be seen from the spatial distribution of the medium and short-term apparent stress σ_app before the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, the Longmenshan fault zone is in a low stress distribution area, and the relatively high apparent stress is in the peripheral area. These images may show medium and short-term locking phenomena near the seismogenic tectonics of the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. For example, changes with time of the focal parameter consistency of the sub-blocks in Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces, continual increase of thrust-type earthquakes in the Sichuan-Qinghai block and the appearance of spatial distribution areas of high apparent σ_app stress. The work on this aspect was continued after the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, and the results seem to be shown a clearer relationship between these phenomena and future great earthquakes.     

松潘台拱背氡值资料变化分析

松潘拱背水氡值自1977年11月投入观测以来,其年变化规律呈现的是冬低夏高的形态。通过分析发现,汶川8．0级地震以前,水氡观测值既存在1～3年的中长期趋势变化又表现出3个月左右的短期变化,但临震突跳变化并不突出;而气氡观测值在地震孕育、发生和震后存在以短临突跳的方式相对应,变化幅度在50％以上。但由于观测时间短,这个认识有待进一步探讨研究。2007年底该台增上了数字化气氡观测仪器。通过总结反思,发现松潘台拱背观测水点氡观测值的变化与龙门山断裂带破坏性地震的孕育、发生有一定的对应关系,这些变化为今后研究地下水氡含量变化与附近地震的发生提供了一个很好的对应例子。松潘地震台的水氡和气氡观测值变化能较好地反映龙门山构造带应力积累和地震孕育信息。     

地震波传播理论与地震“孕育”、发生和发展的深部介质和构造环境

地震灾害是人类生存、社会与经济发展所面临的重大自然灾害之一,由于地震震源和其周边介质在力源作用下可产生微破裂并逐渐形成"破裂链",而震源区介质的质点震动则以地震波动和辐射为"载体",且向四周传播.为此,可通过研究地震波传播波场的运动学和动力学响应探索地震"孕育"、发生和发展中的深部介质和构造环境,地震波动的轨迹和其发生的力源机制以及强烈地震活动的深层过程和动力成因,此乃是探索防震减灾和地震预测的核心所在,因此,研究地震波在复杂介质中的传播和响应,地球内部物质与能量的交换和其深层动力过程将必制约着地震的活动和"孕育"空间,这是防震减灾和地震预测中必须深化研究的重要领域.     

重力场动态变化与汶川MS8.0地震孕育过程

基于中国大陆1998～2007年（复测周期2～3年）流动重力观测数据,结合GPS、水准观测成果和区域地质构造动力环境,分析研究了汶川8.0级地震区域重力场动态变化演化特征和孕震机理.结果表明：区域重力场动态演化大体反映了青藏高原物质东流的动态效应和汶川大震孕育的中长期（2～10年）信息;汶川大震孕育的显著重力标志为震中西南持续多年的正重力变化（上升）和出现较大规模的重力变化梯级带,前者有利于地震能量的不断积累,后者有利于地震剪切破裂的发生;与地震孕育相关重力场变化总体呈增大—加速增大—减速增大—发震的过程;8年累积重力变化幅差最大约200×10^-8m·s^-2;2001年昆仑山口8.1级地震孕育发生和震后恢复调整,对区域重力场动态变化和汶川大震的孕育发展具有重要影响;松潘—甘孜块体一般呈现负重力变化,可能反映深部壳幔局部上隆、壳内温度较高而膨胀,有利于逆冲或推覆体运动的形成和大震的发生.     

基于GIS的贵州省公路局交战办信息辅助管理系统的研究与实现

以贵州省公路局交战办信息辅助管理系统的建设为背景,以GIS技术为支撑,结合交通战备工作的特点,对公路局交战办信息辅助管理系统的建设目标与体系构建、系统功能模块、系统实现等进行设计。为有效提高贵州交通战备和运输、抢修的自动化水平,满足平、战时各方面对贵州交通战备信息的需求与处理具有积极作用。     

Performance of Sample Preparation for Determination of Gold in Samples of Geological Origin

We investigate the performance of sample preparation of gold ores using vibratory (bowl, ring and puck type) mills in common use in mineral analytical laboratories. The main criteria for effective grinding are using reduced grinding charge masses ≤ ca. 50% of nominal bowl capacity and using a grinding aid to prevent caking. We show that gold particles of millimetre scale can be comminuted to ≤ 100 µm by grinding in silica flour, bauxite, synthetic carborundum, or mixtures of silica and these materials using times of up to 5 min and that 95% < 50 µm is achievable with extended grinding. This suggests that modified grinding techniques can be used to make sample masses ≤ 5 g viable for routine determination of gold in geological samples. We also demonstrate homogenisation of a gold‐bearing copper sulfide mineral flotation concentrate alone and in mixtures with silica by extended grinding at reduced charge masses. To support this work, we develop a convenient new benchmark of gold ore sample preparation performance ‘G’, an apparent maximum gold particle size interpolated from replicate analytical variance in order to overcome the limitations of laborious sieve fraction analysis of gold particle size. We show useful agreement between G and sieve fraction analysis of gold particle size in samples and test the viability of G experimentally and by analysis of literature data.