应用地震资料设计水平井轨迹

应用三维地震资料设计水平井的轨迹,用人工合成记录标定层位和岩性并进行精细的构造解释和储层横向预测,对测区速度场进行研究,利用Geoquest 人机联作解释系统编绘层拉平图、转弯测线剖面图,不整合面构造图,各套油层顶面构造图,沿地层倾向设计水平井的轨迹.经两口井钻探,钻遇不整合面的误差0.19%—0.39%,一口井平均钻遇油层204m,相当9口直井的效益.用地震资料设计巷道水平井的关键是油层标定、深度标定和确定油层走向,用人机联作系统绘制水平切片图、反射波振幅图、油层顶构造图,设计了在油层内钻探的巷道井.经钻探,钻遇不整合面的误差0.07%,在真厚度8.23m 的油层内钻进563m.     

孔隙水压力圆锥静力触探及其发展现状

介绍孔隙水压力圆锥静力触探这门新技术,着重评述近年来在探头优化设计方面的进展,以及在划分地层和鉴别土类、估计土的超固结比和固结系数方面应用的最新研究成果。     

Metamorphism and granite genesis in the Hidaka Metamorphic Belt, Hokkaido, Japan

The Main Zone of the Hidaka Metamorphic Belt is an uplifted crustal section of island-arc type. The crust was formed during early Tertiary time, as a result of collision between two arc–trench systems of Cretaceous age. The crustal metamorphic sequence is divided into four metamorphic zones (I–IV), in which zone IV is in the granulite facies. A detailed study of the evolution of the Hidaka Belt, based on a revised P–T–t analysis of the metamorphic rocks, notably a newly found staurolite-bearing granulite, confirms a prograde isobaric heating path, after a supposed event of tectonic thickening of accretionary sedimentary and oceanic crustal rocks. During the peak metamorphic event (c. 53 Ma), the regional geothermal gradient attained 33–40° C km^?1, and the highest P–T condition obtained from the lowest part of the granulite unit is 830° C, 7 kbar. In this part, X_H2O of Gt–Opx–Cd gneiss is about 0.15 and that of Gt–Cd–Bt gneiss is 0.4. The P–T–X_H2O condition of the granulite unit is well within a field where fluid-present partial melting of pelitic and greywacke metamorphic rocks takes place. This is in harmony with the restitic nature of the Gt–Opx–Cd gneiss in the lowest part of the granulite unit. The possibility that partial melting took place in the Main Zone is significant for the genesis of the peraluminous (S-type) granitic rocks within it. The S-type granitic rocks in this zone are Opx–Gt–Bt tonalite in the granulite zone, Gt–Cd–Bt tonalite in the amphibolite zone, and Cd–Bt–Mus tonalite in the Bt–Mus gneiss zone. The mineralogical and chemical nature of these strongly peraluminous tonalitic rocks permit them to be regarded as having been derived from S-type granitic magma generated by crustal anatexis of pelitic metamorphic rocks in deeper crust.     

多功能雾化室在ICP—AES中的应用研究

本文研究了一种多功能雾化室装置,以探索ICP-AES技术中溶液进样的新方式;并对雾化系统的主要参数进行测试,取得最佳的匹配条件。该雾化室装置包括旋流雾化、循环雾化和氢化-雾化等系统,可在同一操作条件下进行工作,适应多种分析的需要。并可任意选择合适的雾化射程来增强元素谱线强度的信背比和雾化的稳定性,以达到改善分析的精密度和检出限。     

A SEARCH TECHNIQUE FOR CHOOSING OPTIMUM PARAMETERS IN NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION

The steepest descent(or ascent)search is employed for finding optimum diffusion coefficients in T42L9Gmodel,with a view to improving the model's computational stability or prediction accuracy.The method of thesteepest descent search is first described,in which the golden section search is chosen as the fundamental one-dimensional search used in the multi-dimentional steepest descent search,and then the optimization of the dif-fusion coefficients is described.     

线性连续变化非弹性介质中地震波射线轨迹与走时研究

地球内部非弹性介质广泛存在,垂向线性连续变化非弹性介质模型具有重要理论与实际意义,本文利用复速度概念推导得到了复速度随深度线性连续变化的非弹性介质中地震波射线轨迹与等时线方程.理论结果表明:在线性连续变化非弹性介质中,射线轨迹呈圆形,等时面的形状为椭圆.最后对射线轨迹与等时线方程的适用性条件进行了讨论.     

Geothermobarometry of mafic granulites and metapelite from the Palghat Gap, South India: petrological evidence for isothermal uplift and rapid cooling

The Palghat Gap region is located near the centre of the large southern Indian granulite terrane. at the northern edge of the Kodaikanal charnockite massif. The dominant rock types in the region are hornblende-biotite ± orthopyroxene gneisses and charnockites along with minor amounts of intercalated mafic granulite, metapelite and calc-silicate. The P-T estimates from garnetiferous mafic granulites and metapelite samples are generally in the range 9-10 kbar and 800-900 C using both conventional thermobarometric methods and the TWEEQU thermobarometry program. These P-T estimates, which should be taken as minimum values, are among the highest yet reported for South Indian and Sri Lankan granulites. The occurrence of orthopyroxene + plagioclase symplectites around embayed garnet grains in the mafic granulites and cordierite rims around garnet grains in metapelite suggest an isothermal decompression-type path. Similarly, a core-rim P-T trajectory indicates c. 3 and 7 kbar decompression at high temperature in the mafic granulites and metapelite, respectively. In both rock types, the key to the determination of the retrograde P-T path was the recognition of small amounts of second generation plagioclase with a more anorthitic composition than the matrix plagioclase. The preservation of high garnet-pyroxene temperatures in the mafic granulites (despite small garnet grain size) suggests rapid cooling of the terrane. Calculated minimum cooling rates range from 8 to 80 C Ma^-1. Such cooling rates are more rapid than those associated with normal isostatic processes and suggest that the terrane was tectonically exhumed at high temperature.     

Prograde amphiboles in hematite-bearing basic and quartz schists in the Sanbagawa belt, central Shikoku: relationship between metamorphic field gradient and P-T paths of individual rocks

The prograde amphibole that coexists with chlorite, epidote, muscovite, albite, quartz and hematite in Sanbagawa schists was examined to investigate the relationship between the prograde P-T paths of individual rocks and the metamorphic field gradient in the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt, central Shikoku. The amphibole changes from actinolite, through ferri-winchite and crossite, to barroisite and hornblende with increasing grade along the metamorphic field gradient. However, the sequence of prograde amphibole compositions in each sample varies in different mineral zones. The general scheme can be summarized as: magnesioriebeckite-riebeckite crossite in the upper chlorite zone of lower-grade rocks; crossite or glaucophane barroisite in the garnet zone of medium-grade rocks; and actinolite or winchite barroisite hornblende in the albite-biotite zone of higher-grade rocks. Changes of amphibole composition indicate that the prograde P-T path recorded in the higher-grade rocks was situated on the higher-temperature side of that of the lower-grade rocks and on the lower-pressure side of the metamorphic field gradient. The systematic change of P-T paths implies an increasing d P /d T during continuous subduction. These features can be interpreted as documenting prograde metamorphism within a young subduction zone that has a non-steady-state geotherm.     

Measurements of tropospheric OH concentrations: A comparison of field data with model predictions

Using long path UV absorption spectroscopy we have measured OH concentrations close to the earth's surface. The OH values observed at two locations in Germany during 1980 through 1983 range from 0.7×10⁶ to 3.2×10⁶ cm^-3. Simultaneously we measured the concentrations of O₃, H₂O, NO, NO₂, CH₄, CO, and the light non methane hydrocarbons. We also determined the photolysis rates of O₃ and NO₂. This allows calculations of OH using a zero dimensional time depdendent model. The modelled OH concentrations significantly exceed the measured values for low NO _x concentrations. It is argued that additional, so far unidentified. HO _x loss reactions must be responsible for that discrepancy.