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11.
Marco Ortiz 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(1):1-9
Abstract. The current article describes statistical power analysis as an efficient strategy for the estimation of the optimum sample size. The principle aim is constructively to criticise and enrich the results presented by Mouillot et al. (1999) , who estimate the optimum sample size for evaluating possible perturbations. The authors did not make any reference to statistical power analysis, even though their objective clearly went beyond a simple stock evaluation to assess management strategies in a particular marine ecosystem. Surprisingly, they proposed (a priori) an ANOVA design to test a hypothesis considering both space and temporal scales. However, the authors did not cover important topics related with power analysis and the precautionary principle, both used into environment impact assessment programmes for marine ecosystems. Based on their results and on statistical power analysis, it is demonstrated that the variability (dispersion statistics), a key factor they used to estimate the sample size, is less relevant than the magnitude of perturbation (effect size). Therefore, a greater effort must be devoted to estimate the effect size of a particular phenomenon rather than a desired variability. 相似文献
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B. T. Donahue A. C. Hine S. Tebbens S. D. Locker D. C. Twichell 《Marine Geology》2003,200(1-4):219-241
The purpose of this study was to determine if and how a large, modern estuarine system, situated in the middle of an ancient carbonate platform, has affected its adjacent inner shelf both in the past during the last, post-glacial sea-level rise and during the present. An additional purpose was to determine if and how this inner shelf seaward of a major estuary differed from the inner shelves located just to the north and south but seaward of barrier-island shorelines. Through side-scan sonar mosaicking, bathymetric studies, and ground-truthing using surface grab samples as well as diver observations, two large submarine sand plains were mapped – one being the modern ebb-tidal delta and the other interpreted to be a relict ebb-tidal delta formed earlier in the Holocene. The most seaward portion of the inner shelf studied consists of a field of lobate, bathymetrically elevated, fine-sand accumulations, which were interpreted to be sediment-starved 3D dunes surrounded by small 2D dunes composed of coarse molluscan shell gravel. Additionally, exposed limestone hardbottoms supporting living benthic communities were found as well. This modern shelf sedimentary environment is situated on a large, buried shelf valley, which extends eastward beneath the modern Tampa Bay estuary. These observations plus the absence of an incised shelf valley having surficial bathymetric expression, and the absence of sand bodies normally associated with back-tracking estuarine systems indicate that there was no cross-shelf estuarine retreat path formed during the last rise in sea level. Instead, the modern Tampa Bay formed within a mid-platform, low-relief depression, which was flooded by rising marine waters late in the Holocene. With continued sea-level rise in the late Holocene, this early embayment was translated eastward or landward to its present position, whereby a larger ebb-tidal delta prograded out onto the inner shelf. Extensive linear sand ridges, common to the inner shelves to the north and south, did not form in this shelf province because it was a low-energy, open embayment lacking the wave climate and nearshore zone necessary to create such sand bodies. The distribution of bedforms on the inner shelf and the absence of seaward-oriented 2D dunes on the modern ebb-tidal delta indicate that the modern estuarine system has had little effect on its adjacent inner shelf. 相似文献
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1 .IntroductionEvery year ,Taiwanis subjectedtotwo or three typhoonintrusions in average which always causedisasters . Most of the disasters which occur around the coastal zone are due to seabed instability andcoastal structure destruction caused bytyphoo… 相似文献
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大气折射延迟是空间大地测量中的一个主要误差源。本文严格地给出了中性大气路径弯曲改正的原理性公式。通过对各种因素量级的分析,在亚毫米量级的精度上给出了一个以视天顶距正切和正割乘积为参数的级数展开模型。新模型在球对称大气模型下,级数展开模型的精度达到了毫米量级,理论上可以展开到任意阶次,且可允许观测高度角小到5°。 相似文献
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欧北地区深层三维地震采集技术 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
辽河盆地由于其特殊的地震地质条件,以往采集的深层地震资料信噪比和分辨率都较低,已经严重制约了油田的进一步勘探和开发.为了彻底摆脱地震资料品质对勘探工作的束缚,努力提高资料的信噪比和分辨率,辽河油田首先选择辽河盆地东部凹陷欧利坨子北为突破口,通过采取最佳岩性激发、有效弱信号保护和变观测系统施工等一系列的技术措施,取得了较好的效果. 相似文献
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VC环境下最短路径算法的实现 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
设计了一种方便查找及显示最短路径的数据结构,对仅研究计算一条最短路径的Dijkstra算法加以了改进,并在VC下实现一个顶点到另一个顶点的所有最短路径的查找。 相似文献
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P-T-t轨迹作为变质岩的重要研究方法之一,对揭示岩石的构造演化过程具有重要意义。北大别饶拔寨镁铁-超镁铁岩形成的构造环境和就位过程长期以来尚存争议。本文通过岩相学观察、矿物化学研究和温压计计算,揭示出饶拔寨石榴辉石岩经历了四个变质演化阶段:1)超高压变质阶段(M1):主要根据石榴子石中金红石的出溶,单斜辉石中石英的出溶和磷灰石中不透明矿物的出溶,结合前人研究,认为饶拔寨石榴辉石岩经历过超高压变质阶段(≥2.5GPa);2)高压麻粒岩相阶段(M2):矿物组合为石榴子石(变斑晶)和单斜辉石(基质)+斜长石(基质),记录的温压条件为T=648~700℃,P=1.47~1.94GPa;3)中压麻粒岩相阶段(M3):以石榴子石外围发育的主要由斜方辉石+斜长石组成的内圈"白眼圈"为特征,形成的温压条件为T=781~796℃,P=0.92~0.98GPa;4)角闪岩相阶段(M4):以石榴子石变斑晶周围发育的外圈"白眼圈"为特征,其矿物组合为角闪石+斜长石的后成合晶,形成的温压条件为T=663~685℃,P=0.50~0.58GPa。石榴辉石岩的锆石SIMS U-Pb定年得到了3组不同的交点年龄,分别为208.1~202.1Ma、227.6Ma和817.7Ma。根据锆石包裹体中角闪石+斜长石的组合,推断208.1~202.1Ma代表了角闪岩相变质年龄的下限,227.6Ma则是高压麻粒岩相的下限年龄,而新元古代年龄(817.7Ma)与区域上的变质岩原岩年龄一致,可能代表了其原岩年龄。结合前人研究,饶拔寨石榴辉石岩记录了顺时针的P-T-t轨迹,揭示了板片俯冲(超高压变质)-碰撞-折返(降压升温过程,~227Ma)-抬升(降压降温过程,208~202Ma)的完整过程。 相似文献