中国区域成矿研究的若干问题及其与陆-陆碰撞的关系

在中国区域成矿作用研究中 ,遇到诸多重大问题 ,如 :(1)中国东部属于环太平洋地区之一 ,但为什么热液矿床大规模成矿时代不同于环太平洋的新生代 ,而爆发于中生代的燕山期 ?(2 )中国陆区经历了 >3.0Ga的演化 ,为什么大规模成矿作用在东部地区爆发于燕山期 ,西南特提斯成矿域爆发于新生代 ,而西北中亚成矿域爆发于海西期晚期 ?(3)国外不少著名成矿省位于太古宙克拉通内部 ,为什么中国的有色贵金属等热液矿床却集中分布于显生宙造山带内部或其边缘 ?(4)按照绿岩带金矿成矿理论 ,绿岩带型金矿化伴随或尾随于克拉通化 ,形成在太古宙 ,为什么中国绿岩带型金矿却形成在克拉通化后的 2 0多亿年以后的中生代 ?(5 )世界范围内 ,海相油田的重要性远大于陆相 ,为什么中国情况恰相反 ,陆相油田远比海相油藏重要 ?……。笔者认为这些问题彼此相关 ,代表了中国区域成矿的特色 ,其根本原因在于中国陆区不同构造单元经历了晚古生代以来的强烈碰撞事件 ,因此加强研究碰撞造山体制的成岩、成矿、成藏和流体作用是解决这些问题的关键途径。     

Combination of Dependent Realizations Within the Gradual Deformation Method

Gradual deformation is a parameterization method that reduces considerably the unknown parameter space of stochastic models. This method can be used in an iterative optimization procedure for constraining stochastic simulations to data that are complex, nonanalytical functions of the simulated variables. This method is based on the fact that linear combinations of multi-Gaussian random functions remain multi-Gaussian random functions. During the past few years, we developed the gradual deformation method by combining independent realizations. This paper investigates another alternative: the combination of dependent realizations. One of our motivations for combining dependent realizations was to improve the numerical stability of the gradual deformation method. Because of limitations both in the size of simulation grids and in the precision of simulation algorithms, numerical realizations of a stochastic model are never perfectly independent. It was shown that the accumulation of very small dependence between realizations might result in significant structural drift from the initial stochastic model. From the combination of random functions whose covariance and cross-covariance are proportional to each other, we derived a new formulation of the gradual deformation method that can explicitly take into account the numerical dependence between realizations. This new formulation allows us to reduce the structural deterioration during the iterative optimization. The problem of combining dependent realizations also arises when deforming conditional realizations of a stochastic model. As opposed to the combination of independent realizations, combining conditional realizations avoids the additional conditioning step during the optimization process. However, this procedure is limited to global deformations with fixed structural parameters.     

Melting of β-quartz up to 2.0 GPa and thermodynamic optimization of the silica liquidus up to 6.0 GPa

Melting relations of β-quartz were experimentally determined at 1.0 GPa (1900±20 °C), 1.5 GPa (2033±20 °C), and 2.0 GPa (2145±20 °C) using a new high-pressure assembly in a piston–cylinder apparatus and substantial differences were found with data previously reported. The new melting data of β-quartz were combined and optimized with all available thermodynamic, volumetric, and phase equilibria data for β-cristobalite, β-quartz and coesite to produce a P–T liquidus diagram for silica valid up to 6.0 GPa. Using the new optimized thermodynamic parameters, the invariant point β-cristobalite+β-quartz+liquid and β-quartz+coesite+liquid were determined to lie at 1687±17 °C and 0.457 GPa, and 2425±25 °C and 5.00 GPa, respectively.     

海洋平台结构振动的AMD主动控制参数优化分析

本文针对海洋平台结构的冰激振动和地震反应控制问题，提出了采用AMD主动控制的控制策略，结合JZ20－2MUQ平台结构进行了AMD控制系统的硬参数和软参数的优化分析，并就相应于最优参数下的AMD控制海洋平台结构冰激振动和地震反应的几种代表性工况进行了时程分析，得到了一些定性和定量的结论，为实际工程的控制设计提供了基础。本文提出的AMD主动控制方法对类似的海洋平台结构的控制问题也有参考价值。     

Parameter identification for lined tunnels in a viscoplastic medium

This paper is dedicated to the identification of constitutive parameters of elasto‐viscoplastic constitutive law from measurements performed on deep underground cavities (typically tunnels). This inverse problem is solved by the minimization of a cost functional of least‐squares type. The exact gradient is computed by the direct differentiation method and the descent is done using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The method is presented for lined or unlined structures and is applied for an elastoviscoplastic constitutive law of the Perzyna class. Several identification problems are presented in one and two dimensions for different tunnel geometries. The used measurements have been obtained by a preliminary numerical simulation and perturbed with a white noise. The identified responses match the measurements. We also discuss the usage of the sensitivity analysis of the system, provided by the direct differentiation method, for the optimization of in situ monitoring. The sensitivity distribution in space and time assess the location of the measurements points as well as the time of observation needed for reliable identification. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The water level simulation for crane habitat optimization in Xianghai Nature Reserve

The probability of crane living in reedy wetlands can reach 100%, at the same time, the area of reed, the water level and adjacent water area are main factors which control the crane's habitat selection. We all know that all these factors are spatially heterogeneous. For the Xianghai wetland safety and to protect the Xianghai wetland habitat of crane, this paper has mainly identified a solution to these problems. The wetland information is extracted from the TM images, which reflect the whole wetland landscape and are very important for both quantitative analysis of remote sensing observation of the earth system and positioning analysis in GIS database that is automatically extracted from DEM. The DEM for Xianghai characteristics of topography is created. On the basis of the GRID SUBMODULE, applying the GIS spatial overlay analysis, the relationship between the water level and the reed area below the water level and the rating distribution maps of reed area above water level is established. When the water level reaches the altitude of 165 m, the reed area, 981.2 ha is maximum, i.e., the water level of 165 m is the optimal.     

一种求带约束的离散Minimax问题的区间算法

进一步讨论了目标函数和约束函数都是Lipsehitz连续的带约束的离散minimax问题，给出了罚函数的区间扩张，提出了解该约束离散minimax问题的区间算法。算法给出了问题的minimax值所在范围以及minimax点所在位置。定理和数值算倒说明该算法是可靠的。