Human-Wildlife Conflicts in Paschim Kusaha Village of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve,Sunsari District,Nepal

Human-wildlife conflict has been one of the most trouble-causing issues in many areas of Nepal including Eastern Nepal. This study assessed the human-wildlife conflict status in Paschim Kusaha Village of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR), Sunsari District, Nepal. Data were collected from 47 respondents of different households through questionnaire surveys and formal and informal interviews. Results revealed that the most destructive wild animals were wild elephants, wild boar, and wild water buffalo and the most raided crops were paddy (63.83 %), maize (19.15%), and potato (17.02%). Most of the encounters between humans and wildlife were recorded at night (after dusk and before dawn) (78.72%). Local people were suffering from damage of physical properties, human harassment or nuisance, and depredation of cropland due to wild animals. A total of 70% of respondents had a positive attitude towards conservation despite disturbing human mortality records (22 deaths in the last five years) from the reserve area and surrounding. Awareness of wildlife behavior together with conservation and easy access to compensation schemes were suggested to minimize conflicts in the area.     

Mechanical behaviour of expansive soils after several drying and wetting cycles

This paper presents results from an experimental study performed on natural and compacted expansive soils in different loose and dense states using principally osmotic oedometers. The loose soils showed significant shrinkage, while the dense soils produced a swelling accumulation during the suction cycles. These cycles induced an equilibrium stage, which indicates an elastic behaviour of the samples under suction cycles. At the end of suction cycles, a loading/unloading test was performed on all samples at different constant suctions to define LC (loading collapse) yield curve as well as the newly defined SC (saturation curve) yield curve. Generally, the suction cycles for the looser soils approached the LC and SC yield curves while they became the same at the equilibrium state. For the denser soils producing the swelling strain accumulation, the unique LC and SC curves were activated together. Additionally, we found that at the equilibrium stage, both initially loose and dense samples presented the same mechanical parameters. In other words, the LC or SC yield curves superimposed for different initial states of the samples at the equilibrium stage. Moreover, these compression curves provided sufficient data to propose a simplified model for the mechanical behaviour of the swelling soils at the equilibrium stage.     

川藏交通干线帕隆藏布段冰碛物特性研究进展

作为冰川运动的遗迹,冰碛物由于其宽级配、大孔隙、非均质、渗透性等特点,成为川藏铁路和高速公路帕隆藏布路段规划选线中的一类特殊岩土体,并与藏东南地区的冰川型地质灾害具有关联,使得帕隆藏布流域地质灾害的成因机理及防治研究愈发复杂。本文通过分析近年来国内外学者围绕冰碛物物性特征取得的研究成果,结合实地调查和室内外测试结果,归纳了冰碛物的分布特征、沉积构造、物理性质和工程力学特性,梳理了冰碛物的物理力学研究进展,凝练了帕隆藏布流域冰碛物研究中的3个关键问题,针对性地提出下一步研究思路,旨在为后续的冰碛物研究和川藏交通干线规划与建设管理提供参数依据。     

GPR survey to confirm the location of ancient structures under the Valencian Cathedral (Spain)

This paper describes the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey performed inside the Cathedral of Valencia, Spain. It is part of historical studies performed in the Cathedral in order to add information to old maps and documents in the Cathedral Archives and also to analyze the extent and importance of potentially destructive moisture areas that were appearing on the floor. The construction of the Cathedral of Valencia occurred in three stages, all of which are well-documented in the Cathedral Archives with detailed drawings, maps, and charts. The radar data were successful in locating crypts, ossuaries, sepulchers, and graves, and the location of ancient walls that existed before the final Cathedral expansion. Three cultural layers corresponding to the three periods of construction were also identified corresponding to the Roman, Arabian and Middle Age Epochs. Measurements of relative sub-floor moisture were obtained by comparing dielectric permittivity changes and radar velocity differences between materials in humid and non-humid areas.     

八所港矿砂码头混凝土腐蚀现状分析

针对海南八所港矿砂码头服役近30年的混凝土梁、柱和70年的甬道等结构腐蚀状况进行现场调研,发现钢筋混凝土结构出现钢筋锈蚀、混凝土剥落,部分混凝土严重破损。测量了其混凝土梁、柱、甬道等不同位置混凝土和铁锈中氯离子含量,分析了局部环境对氯离子分布的影响。根据调研结果总结分析了其破损原因。结果表明混凝土中氯离子分布呈现规律性变化,且铁锈中的氯离子含量远小于混凝土中氯离子含量。     

云南漾濞6.4级地震交通系统震害调查分析

2021年5月21日21时48分34秒,云南省大理州漾濞县发生6.4级地震,中国地震局组织专家迅速进入灾区开展烈度评定和损失评估等现场应急工作。为加深业内同行对交通系统地震破坏的认识和理解,本文主要针对此次地震中交通系统的破坏情况进行宏观性描述,展现地震中交通系统的地震破坏现象,对道路和桥梁的主要震害特征进行总结,对典型震害的形成原因进行了探讨。最后,结合此次地震的破坏特点,为我国交通系统的抗震策略提出思考与建议。     

电梯抗震性能研究进展

电梯作为高层建筑不可缺少的竖向交通工具,是非常重要的非结构构件。历次地震灾害表明:电梯抗震性能较差,在地震中遭受不同程度的破坏。目前,各国对加强电梯抗震的呼声越来越高,如何提高电梯抗震性能逐渐引起重视。从三个方面系统梳理了国内外关于电梯抗震性能的研究进展:（1）回顾了电梯在以往地震中的破坏情况,归纳总结了电梯地震破坏类型。（2）从数值模拟和试验研究两个方面介绍了电梯抗震性能的研究现状,指出了不足之处。（3）总结了各国关于电梯抗震的设计方法,比较了规范之间的异同。通过梳理电梯抗震性能的研究现状,展望了未来研究方向,以期为提高电梯抗震性能设计水平提供参考。     

2021年2月13日日本福岛Mj7.3级地震潜在破坏区快速估计

基于2021年2月13日日本福岛M_j7.3级地震加速度记录,离线模拟了阈值预警方法在此次地震中快速估计潜在破坏区的表现。结果显示,该方法能够在台站P波触发后3s就快速对台站及其周边区域进行地震破坏性判断,同时估计的潜在破坏区域也基本与美国地质调查局（USGS） ShakeMap震后实测VII度以上区域吻合,展示了该方法在此次地震中运用的可行性;然而该方法没有对处在震后实测VII度以上区域内的宫城县南部沿海以及福岛县小部分东北区域给出准确的潜在破坏区判断,这一估计偏差为该方法的适应性研究以及下一步优化提供了参考。     

2021年日本福岛7.3级地震铁路系统震害与启示

2021年2月13日日本福岛县发生了M7.3级地震,造成了大量铁路基础设施破坏。介绍了铁路系统在此次地震中的震害和应急修复情况,总结了震害的典型特征及启示。通过与2011年东日本大地震进行比较,从土木结构和电气设施两方面对铁路系统震害特点进行了分析,从抗震韧性角度讨论了此次地震应急修复方法与策略,总结了日本铁路设施抗震的经验和对我国铁路设施抗震的启示。分析表明:支柱折断、支柱开裂倾斜、架空电线拉断和定位设施损坏为铁路电气设施常见震害;土木结构方面,随着地震强度的增大,可能伴有轨道变形、挡块开裂、梁端破坏、横系梁开裂甚至墩柱损伤的发生。从震害现象的比较中,可以看出东日本大地震以来的维修加固措施是有成效的。     

2021年日本福岛地震中桥梁的震害及原因

时隔10年,福岛宫城县海域再次发生大地震。虽然该次地震最大烈度到达6强,但是地震之后实际震害信息较少。作者实地考察了相马跨线桥、相马东大桥和白石藏王新干线桥三处桥梁在该次地震中的震害,并简要分析了其原因。另外比较KiK-net山元（MYGH10）的地表和地下强震仪的波形和频谱成分,指出这一记录PGA较大的原因。通过比较10年前东日本大地震和该次地震中K-NET郡山（FKS018）的记录,讨论了该次地震震害普遍比预期要低的原因。最后,使用多阻尼反应谱分析了该次地震对结构破坏力较小的原因。