扭曲活塞环在制冷压缩机中的应用

通过对目前广泛应用的矩形活塞环与经过改进的扭曲活塞环的结构特点、工作性能的对比分析,研究扭曲活塞环更能有效地减少制冷压缩机耗油量,增强主机润滑性能的机理,探讨合理配置两种活塞环的应用方式,达到提高制冷压缩机经济性能的应用效果。     

不同赋存态油裂解条件及油裂解型气源灶的正演和反演研究

油裂解型气源灶是一种特殊的气源灶,是优质生烃母质在成气过程中派生出的.烃源岩生成的油主要有3种赋存形式源内分散状液态烃、源外分散状液态烃和源外富集型液态烃.3种赋存状态液态烃的数量及分配比例受内因和外因多种因素控制,就排油率而言,有机碳含量分别为0.67%、0.62%和10.6%的泥岩、灰岩和油页岩,最大排油率分别为45%、55%和80%.原油与不同介质配样的生气动力学实验表明,不同介质条件下甲烷的生成活化能分布有差异,碳酸盐岩对油裂解条件影响最大,可大大降低其活化能,导致原油裂解热学条件降低,体现为油裂解温度的降低;泥岩次之,砂岩影响最小.碳酸盐岩、泥岩和砂岩对油的催化裂解作用依次减弱,不同介质条件下主生气期对应的Ro值纯原油1.5%～3.8%;碳酸盐岩中的分散原油1.2%～3.2%;泥岩中的分散原油1.3%～3.4%;砂岩中的分散原油1.4%～3.6%.油裂解型气源灶是一种中间体,可以直观看到的是原生气源灶和由此形成的气藏,而对油裂解型气源灶的赋存形式、分布范围、成气数量和储量规模等问题,只能通过正演和反演的研究去确定且相互映证.正演研究以塔里木盆地中下寒武统为例,原始生油量2 232.24×108t,剩余油量806.21×108t,油裂解气量106.95×1012m3.反演研究以川东北飞仙关组白云岩中油裂解气为例,圈定的古油藏面积约735 km2,古油藏原油数量45×108t,油裂解气量及油裂解气资源量分别为2.72×1012 m3和1.36×1012 m3.     

Reservoir geochemistry of the Tazhong oilfield in the Tarim Basin, China, Part I. Geochemical characteristics and genetic classification of crude oils

1 Introduction Since the 1990’s of the 20th century, oil & gas geochemists have shifted their research focus on hydrocarbon source rocks in the past to that on reservoir rocks and oil reservoirs at present; their research field has been expanded from oil & gas exploration to the assessment of oil reservoirs and production & management. Therefore, reservoir geochemistry as a branch disciplinary of organic geochemistry is now attracting great concern of many oil & gas explorers and oilfield en…     

某铁路勘察近水平孔取心钻探施工技术

采用水平、近水平孔钻探取心是了解隧道地质情况的有效手段。某铁路隧道近水平钻孔设计倾角11°,终孔深度491.1 m,是工区内具有代表性和特殊性的一个钻孔。钻探施工中钻遇长段硬、脆、碎花岗岩地层,且伴随持续涌水,施工难度很大。通过改进设备、合理选择钻孔结构和取心钻具、使用环保型冲洗液和高效润滑脂等方法,保障了钻进施工正常进行。同时,就测斜和孔内事故处理提出解决方案,总结了水平钻孔施工安全注意事项。针对尚待解决的问题,提出相应建议。实践证明,该孔采用的设备器具与技术方法是有效可行的。     

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘凹陷东西两侧海相稠油地球化学特征：以LG7井和DH1-6-9井稠油为例

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘凹陷东侧轮古地区有丰富的海相稠油产出,其中包括大型的塔河油田群,在凹陷的西北缘也有海相稠油发现。凹陷东侧海相稠油的地球化学成因已经有较多的研究报道,而西北缘针对海相稠油的研究工作仍然十分薄弱,其地球化学成因仍需深入探讨。本工作以哈拉哈塘凹陷东西两侧的稠油LG7井和DH1－6－9井为例,对比研究其地球化学特征,重点对比分析稠油沥青质中吸附／包裹烃类化合物的地球化学应用。研究结果表明凹陷东西两侧的稠油藏至少经历了两期油气的充注,其中第一期充注来自同一套烃源岩,后期遭受了,严重的生物降解改造;第二期充注来自另一套烃源岩,其正构烷烃仍然具有完整的分布模式。凹陷两侧稠油经历了相似的后期成藏过程,在西北缘相应的构造单元中可望发现更多海相来源的油气资源。     

应用高分辨率质谱分析苏丹高酸值原油成因

苏丹Muglad和Melut盆地是苏丹乃至整个中、西非剪切带最富含油气的盆地,所发现的原油主要为中质油(重度为20°～34°API),其次为重质油(重度小于20°API),普遍高含沥青质、高含蜡、高酸值、低含硫。为了探讨高酸值原油的成因,选择了苏丹地区18个不同酸值的原油样品,尝试高分辨率质谱分析上述原油有机酸的组成。结果表明,高酸值原油的有机酸主要由环烷酸组成;环烷酸的平均相对分子质量随降解作用程度增加而增大,分子碳原子数分布范围变宽;环烷酸以一环、二环、三环环烷酸为主。生物降解作用是形成高酸值原油的主要原因。     

Influences of vanadium compound on burning characteristics of emulsified marine fuel oil C

Vanadium is one of the most significant trace elements in heavy fuel oils. While most previous studies emphasize its effects on the high-temperature corrosion of power-plant materials, the understanding of the basic combustion characteristics influenced by the vanadium content in fuel oils is still rather limited. The influences of the controlling factors, such as water-to-oil ratio, amount of emulsifying agent, and content of vanadium pentoxide on the burning characteristics of marine heavy No.6 fuel oil are thus investigated in this experimental study by using a suspended droplet approach. It is shown that the ignition delay, degree of micro-explosion, burning time, and flame length are affected by those factors to various extents. Increase of the water-to-oil ratio might enhance the micro-explosion phenomenon while the addition of an appropriate amount of the emulsifying agent Span-80 promotes the homogeneity of micro-water-droplets over their oil base, leading to alterations of the heated droplet characteristics of the emulsions. However, the existence of V₂O₅ in a fuel oil would result in deterioration of burning quality.     

The fat of the land: a geography of oil and fat consumption

Lipids – or oils and fats – have attracted much attention in nutrition and medical research because of their adverse effects upon health, but the geography of lipids has received very little notice. International differences in consumption can be calculated from the Food and Agriculture Organization's Food Balance Sheets. Consumption was very low in the early nineteenth century, but increased as incomes rose and more animal foods were consumed, whilst technical advances allowed the use of a wide range of vegetable oils per capita. Consumption of total lipids is greatest in North America, Europe, Australasia and temperate South America, lowest in Asia, reflecting differences in income, although other factors are important. The sources of animal and plant lipids are discussed and their changing relative importance over time is traced. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬-西峰地区原油地球化学特征及油源分析

采用色谱-质谱(GC-MS)、裂解-色谱-质谱(Py-GC-MS)、色谱-同位素比值质谱(GC-IRMS)等方法,系统地分析了鄂尔多斯盆地南部姬塬与西峰地区原油的地球化学特征,重新确定了原油成熟度及对应源岩的形成环境.分析表明,单体碳同位素组成偏轻,介于-30‰～-33‰之间.原油饱和烃馏分中五环三萜烷含量较高;藿烷以C30藿烷占优势,C29藿烷次之;含较高的18α(H)-30-降新藿烷(C29Ts);C30重排藿烷和伽马蜡烷含量较低;规则甾烷含量高并以C29甾烷为主,含一定的孕甾烷、升孕甾烷和重排甾烷;芳烃馏分中富含萘、菲系列化合物;沥青质裂解产物中芳基类异戊二烯烃含量很低.原油成熟度相当于镜质组反射率0.82%左右,是烃源岩在生油高峰阶段的产物.油源分析表明,该区原油主要来源于三叠系长7段泥岩,有机质形成于水体较深、淡水湖相沉积环境.