成烃理论的发展——（Ⅱ）煤成油及其初次运移模式

近几年来，我国针对侏罗系煤系地层的油气勘探，取得了重大突破。在我国西北区的一些含煤盆地中都发现了丰富油气矿藏。煤成油的勘探开发和研究，是对陆相生油理论的重大发展，本文介绍了秦匡宗提出的一种利用＾１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ谱确定油潜力碳、气潜力碳和芳构碳评价生油气潜力的新方法，以及一种煤成烃的阶段性初次运移模式。     

纳米铜润滑油添加剂的制备及其润滑性能研究

以试制的纳米铜添加剂为试验单剂,选择车辆齿轮油500SN为基础油,在长磨实验条件下,进行纳米铜粉的抗磨和减摩性能试探性研究,探讨纳米金属粉体对车辆齿轮油500SN性能的影响.在1 200 r/min、2 h、98 N的条件下,加入质量分数为0.05%的实验制备纳米铜粉可明显提高基础油的抗磨减摩性能,磨斑直径降低了18.1%,摩擦系数降低了13.6%;在1 200 r/min、2 h、392 N的条件下,加入质量分数为0.05%~0.7%的纳米铜粉可以提高基础油的抗磨性能.随着质量分数的逐渐增大,纳米铜粉的抗磨减摩性能逐渐变差,以质量分数为0.05%的纳米铜粉效果最佳.     

海洋溢油的风化过程研究

水体中石油的分布与归宿取决于溢油风化.在溢油扩散漂移的同时,发生油类蒸发与溶解过程.石油烃在光能的激发和微量金属离子的催化下会发生氧化反应.石油入海后,在风、浪的作用下很容易发生乳化作用.油膜和分散液滴可附在海洋中悬浮颗粒物上沉淀,溶解的烃类吸附在固体颗粒物上沉淀.石油烃类的生物化学作用为其决定性降解作用.油的风化是许多不同过程的综合过程,它们是同时发生,互相影响的.未来需要在组成、性质和行为相互关系的研究基础上进行.在分子水平上系统研究溢油风化过程对于溢油事故发生后肇事者的确定、危害评价以及生物修复效果评估等具有重要的指导意义.     

Identification of petroleum hydrocarbons using a reduced number of PAHs selected by Procrustes rotation

Identifying petroleum-related products released into the environment is a complex and difficult task. To achieve this, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of outstanding importance nowadays. Despite traditional quantitative fingerprinting uses straightforward univariate statistical analyses to differentiate among oils and to assess their sources, a multivariate strategy based on Procrustes rotation (PR) was applied in this paper. The aim of PR is to select a reduced subset of PAHs still capable of performing a satisfactory identification of petroleum-related hydrocarbons. PR selected two subsets of three (C₂-naphthalene, C₂-dibenzothiophene and C₂-phenanthrene) and five (C₁-decahidronaphthalene, naphthalene, C₂-phenanthrene, C₃-phenanthrene and C₂-fluoranthene) PAHs for each of the two datasets studied here. The classification abilities of each subset of PAHs were tested using principal components analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and Kohonen neural networks and it was demonstrated that they unraveled the same patterns as the overall set of PAHs.     

Distribution of aromatic steroids in geological samples: their evaluation as geochemical parameters

The distribution of ring-C monoaromatic and triaromatic steroid hydrocarbons of about fifty crude oils and sediments of various origins and ages were studied in order to test their validity as geochemical source and maturity parameters. Three ratios appeared to be useful maturity parameters, i.e. A/B cis to trans isomers in non-rearranged monoaromatics, mono/triaromatics and shortvs long-chain homologues. Four other variations may be considered as source parameters depending upon lithology or other palaeo-environmental conditions, i.e. rearranged vs non-rearranged monoaromatics, 5β/5α -methyl rearranged monoaromatics, carbon number distribution and occurrence of a yet unknown series of methylated triaromatic steroids. 5α-Methyl rearranged monoaromatics seem to be particularly important in anhydrites from sabkha environments. Recent identification of most aromatic steroid constituents occurring in geological samples confers on this class of compounds an increasing value as correlation parameters in geochemical studies.     

Variations in Stable Carbon Isotopic Composition of n-Alkanes from Ordovician and Triassic-Derived Oils in Lunnan Oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW China： Global Paleoenvironmental Constraints

Molecular stable carbon isotope technique was employed to study well-sourced crude oils collected from a single drilling well and from the entire Lunnan oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW China. The stable carbon isotopic composition of n-alkanes from crude oils showed that Ordovi-clan-derived oils are enriched in ^13C and Triassic-derived oils are depleted in ^13C. This is consistent with the distribution and evolution trend of stable carbon isotope ratios in crude oils/organic matter from all over the world in geological history (Stahl, 1977; Andrusevich et al. ,1998). An extensive survey of literature indicates that, except for thermal maturity, organic matter input and depositional environment, paleoenvironmental background is another key factor that affects the stable carbon isotopic composition of Ordovician- and Triassic-derived crude oils. The results showed that gas chromatographic-isotope ratio mass spectrometry ( GC-C-IRMS), combining with biogeoehemical evolution of organic matter in geological history, may be a powerful tool in refining oil/oil, oil/source correlations in multi-age, multi-source petroliferous basins like Tarim.     

溢油物理化学性质灰色模式的研究

应用灰色系统理论对海面溢油物理化学性质(蒸发率、溶解率、表面张力、黏度和密度)在风化过程中的变化进行研究,建立了溢油物理化学性质在风化过程中的预测模式GM(1,1)和GM(0,m).结果表明,在风化过程中,溢油物理化学性质的GM(1,1)和GM(0,m)模式预测精度令人满意,皆符合统计学检验的要求;在风化过程中,溢油物理化学性质所具有的灰色相关性可用GM(0,m)模式的灰色辨识参数来表征;在风化过程中,溢油的蒸发率和溶解率可分别用表面张力、黏度和密度作为预报因子。     

东营凹陷南斜坡孔店组原油地球化学特征及其来源

在分析东营凹陷缓坡带孔店组多个原油样品的类异戊二烯烷烃、甾类化合物、萜类化合物和碳同位素构成的基础上,揭示了孔店组原油的典型地球化学特征。孔店组原油甾类化合物主要由规则甾烷构成,异构化程度较低,明显富有C₂₉规则甾烷;三环萜烷相对含量高,三环萜烷/五环萜烷分布范围为0.15～0.53;碳同位素组成偏轻,δ¹³Ｃ值普遍小于－29‰。由于孔店组原油与研究区已认定的Es^x₃亚段、Es^s₄亚段和Ek₂亚段三套生油岩都缺少成因联系,该区可能存在一套尚未落实的生油岩。依据原油的典型生物标志化合物构成特征推断,孔店组原油应来自下第三系深层一套贫粘土矿物且富含化学盐岩的生油岩层。     

低成熟石油概念厘定及其多元多源复合连续成油特征

本文指出了低成熟石油概念和实际划分上的不统一和不规范,并给出了初步定义。另外,对低成熟石油的相关成烃母质进行了综述,在此基础上给出了低成熟成烃母质的定义,指出了低成熟石油成烃母质的多元性和油源的多源性特点,同时还指出低成熟石油是沉积有机质在地质埋藏过程中波动成烃连续模式之部分,其具有多元多源复合成烃行为和分阶段连续演化的特征。这些认识对正确评价含油气盆地中的低成熟油气资源具有重要意义。