广东省顺德肝癌多发区病因探讨

根据顺德肝癌病多发区与周边正常区土壤、水地球化学特征对比,结合病区人文景观探讨顺德肝癌病因,分析认为病区水中NH₄⁺, NO₂^-, NO₃-的显著异常(高含量)是主要病因。     

不同赋存状态油裂解条件及油裂解型气源灶的正演和反演研究

油裂解型气源灶是一种特殊的气源灶,是优质生烃母质在成气过程中派生出的。烃源岩生成的油主要有3种赋存形式:源内分散状液态烃、源外分散状液态烃和源外富集型液态烃。3种赋存状态液态烃的数量及分配比例受内因和外因多种因素控制,就排油率而言,有机碳含量分别为0.67%、0.62%和10.6%的泥岩、灰岩和油页岩,最大排油率分别为45%、55%和80%。原油与不同介质配样的生气动力学实验表明,不同介质条件下甲烷的生成活化能分布有差异,碳酸盐岩对油裂解条件影响最大,可大大降低其活化能,导致原油裂解热学条件降低,体现为油裂解温度的降低;泥岩次之,砂岩影响最小。碳酸盐岩、泥岩和砂岩对油的催化裂解作用依次减弱,不同介质条件下主生气期对应的Ro值:纯原油1.5%～3.8%;碳酸盐岩中的分散原油1.2%～3.2%;泥岩中的分散原油1.3%～3.4%;砂岩中的分散原油1.4%～3.6%。油裂解型气源灶是一种中间体,可以直观看到的是原生气源灶和由此形成的气藏,而对油裂解型气源灶的赋存形式、分布范围、成气数量和储量规模等问题,只能通过正演和反演的研究去确定且相互映证。正演研究以塔里木盆地中下寒武统为例,原始生油量2232.24×108t,剩余油量806.21×108t,油裂解气量106.95×1012m3。反演研究以川东北飞仙关组白云岩中油裂解气为例,圈定的古油藏面积约735km2,古油藏原油数量45×108t,油裂解气量及油裂解气资源量分别为2.72×1012m3和1.36×1012m3。     

低成熟石油概念厘定及其多元多源复合连续成油特征

本文指出了低成熟石油概念和实际划分上的不统一和不规范,并给出了初步定义。另外,对低成熟石油的相关成烃母质进行了综述,在此基础上给出了低成熟成烃母质的定义,指出了低成熟石油成烃母质的多元性和油源的多源性特点,同时还指出低成熟石油是沉积有机质在地质埋藏过程中波动成烃连续模式之部分,其具有多元多源复合成烃行为和分阶段连续演化的特征。这些认识对正确评价含油气盆地中的低成熟油气资源具有重要意义。     

Distribution of aromatic steroids in geological samples: their evaluation as geochemical parameters

The distribution of ring-C monoaromatic and triaromatic steroid hydrocarbons of about fifty crude oils and sediments of various origins and ages were studied in order to test their validity as geochemical source and maturity parameters. Three ratios appeared to be useful maturity parameters, i.e. A/B cis to trans isomers in non-rearranged monoaromatics, mono/triaromatics and shortvs long-chain homologues. Four other variations may be considered as source parameters depending upon lithology or other palaeo-environmental conditions, i.e. rearranged vs non-rearranged monoaromatics, 5β/5α -methyl rearranged monoaromatics, carbon number distribution and occurrence of a yet unknown series of methylated triaromatic steroids. 5α-Methyl rearranged monoaromatics seem to be particularly important in anhydrites from sabkha environments. Recent identification of most aromatic steroid constituents occurring in geological samples confers on this class of compounds an increasing value as correlation parameters in geochemical studies.     

Characterisation of the non-asphaltene products of mild chemical degradation of asphaltenes

The major steranes of the non-asphaltene fraction of Nigerian tar sand bitumen (maltene) are the c₂₇-c₂₉ diasteranes [13β(H),17α(H); 20R + S] and C₂₈-C₂₉ regular steranes [14β (H),17β (H); 20S]. The reducing metal reaction products of the corresponding asphaltenes (maltene-I) contain mainly C₂₇-C₂₉ regular steranes with the 14β(H),17β(H); 20R + S and 14α(H),17α(H); 20R + S configurations as well as the corresponding diasteranes having the 13β(H),17α(H); 20R + S configuration. These sterane distributions suggest that maltene-I corresponds to an unaltered oil whilst the maltene is equivalent to the product of severe biodegradation of maltene-I. This is consistent with maltene-I being the remnant of “original oil” trapped within the asphaltene matrix and protected from the effect of in-reservior biodégradation.Degradation of Nigerian asphaltenes by refluxing with ferric chloride-acetic anhydride or methanolic potassium hydroxide also releases soluble reaction products having the characteristics of unaltered oil such as the presence of n-alkanes having an unbiased distribution. These methods appear to be milder and more suitable than reducing metal reactions for releasing hydrocarbons occluded by asphaltenes.     

Variations in Stable Carbon Isotopic Composition of n-Alkanes from Ordovician and Triassic-Derived Oils in Lunnan Oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW China： Global Paleoenvironmental Constraints

Molecular stable carbon isotope technique was employed to study well-sourced crude oils collected from a single drilling well and from the entire Lunnan oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW China. The stable carbon isotopic composition of n-alkanes from crude oils showed that Ordovi-clan-derived oils are enriched in ^13C and Triassic-derived oils are depleted in ^13C. This is consistent with the distribution and evolution trend of stable carbon isotope ratios in crude oils/organic matter from all over the world in geological history (Stahl, 1977; Andrusevich et al. ,1998). An extensive survey of literature indicates that, except for thermal maturity, organic matter input and depositional environment, paleoenvironmental background is another key factor that affects the stable carbon isotopic composition of Ordovician- and Triassic-derived crude oils. The results showed that gas chromatographic-isotope ratio mass spectrometry ( GC-C-IRMS), combining with biogeoehemical evolution of organic matter in geological history, may be a powerful tool in refining oil/oil, oil/source correlations in multi-age, multi-source petroliferous basins like Tarim.     

Distribution and Significance of Methyl Steranes in Bohai Bay Basin, East China

31 samples of shales and mudstones developed in reducing hypersaline and freshwater setting and 20 oil samples of Bamianhe oilfield, Bohai Bay basin were collected for a detailed study of petroleum system. Composition and distribution, especially significance of steroids, are discussed as a part of those. Abundant steroidal biomarkers, including C27-29 regular steranes, C28-30 4-methyl steranes, dinosteranes and aromatic steranes, were detected. Results show that the composition and distribution of the steroids in samples studied are functions of thermal maturity, organic source, paleoenvironment and lithology of potential source rocks. Alga-rich Es4 shales (brackish water) developed in the south slope of depocenter (Niuzhuang sag) were found particularly rich in steroidal biomarkers including C30 4-methyl steranes and dinosteranes. Es3 mudstones (fresh water) were found devoid of dinosteranes. Distribution patterns of regular steranes are completely different from methyl steranes indicating different origins of the specific compounds of the fraction. Diagnostic distribution of steranes in rock extracts of diverse intervals makes the compounds to be essential indictors of source-rock tracing. Methyl steranes prove to be much more useful in oil-source rock correlation than regular steranes. Results also show that alga-rich Es4 shales located in the south slope are not likely the primary source rock responsible for the oils discovered based on the composition and distribution of steroids.     

经肝动脉灌注鸦胆子油乳注射液联合碘油栓塞治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的临床研究

目的：观察鸦胆子油乳注射液联合碘油栓塞介入治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的临床疗效及毒副作用。方法：将196 例中晚期原发性肝癌患者按照随机分组原则分为治疗组和对照组,每组各98例。治疗组采用经肝动脉灌注鸦胆子油乳注射液联合碘油栓塞治疗,对照组采用经肝动脉灌注吉西他滨、顺铂注射液联合碘油栓塞治疗。比较2组患者的实体瘤疗效、中医证候积分、生活质量评分及不良反应发生情况。结果：瘤体总有效率和疾病控制率治疗组分别为17.35%（17/98）和74.49%（73/98）,对照组分别为16.33%（16/98）和74.49%（73/98）,组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,说明2组瘤体疗效相当。治疗组治疗后中医临床证候积分、生活质量评分及不良反应分度情况均明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01或 P<0.05）。结论：鸦胆子油乳注射液联合碘油介入栓塞治疗原发性肝癌,临床实体瘤疗效与介入化疗栓塞相当,但前者不良反应轻、安全可靠,且在改善患者临床症状、生活质量等方面明显优于传统化疗药物,值得临床推广应用。     

溢油物理化学性质灰色模式的研究

应用灰色系统理论对海面溢油物理化学性质(蒸发率、溶解率、表面张力、黏度和密度)在风化过程中的变化进行研究,建立了溢油物理化学性质在风化过程中的预测模式GM(1,1)和GM(0,m).结果表明,在风化过程中,溢油物理化学性质的GM(1,1)和GM(0,m)模式预测精度令人满意,皆符合统计学检验的要求;在风化过程中,溢油物理化学性质所具有的灰色相关性可用GM(0,m)模式的灰色辨识参数来表征;在风化过程中,溢油的蒸发率和溶解率可分别用表面张力、黏度和密度作为预报因子。