复方皂角刺膏外敷治疗原发性肝癌重度癌性疼痛28 例临床观察

目的：观察复方皂角刺膏外敷治疗肝癌重度癌性疼痛的临床疗效。方法：将肝癌重度癌性疼痛患者56 例随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各28 例。对照组予以盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用复方皂角刺膏外敷治疗,疗程均为7 d。观察2组的疼痛强度、使用阿片类止痛药剂量、爆发痛次数及健康状况。结果：总有效率治疗组为92.86%（26/28）,对照组为71.43%（20/28）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与治疗前比较,2组治疗后数字分级法（NRS）评分、Karnofsky功能状态（KPS）评分均改善,且治疗组改善程度优于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。2组治疗第1天止痛药剂量比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后治疗组止痛药剂量较对照组减少（P<0.05）。治疗组爆发痛次数少于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：复方皂角刺膏外敷治疗肝癌重度癌性疼痛的镇痛效果明显,能减少阿片类止痛药剂量与爆发痛次数,提高患者生活质量。     

Identification of the genetic heterogeneity of Tatarstan oils based on the composition of alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds

This study presents data on concentrations of n-alkylbenzenes, n-alkylnaphthalenes, phytanylnaphthalene, and methylphytanylnaphthalene in representative crude oils of Tatarstan. The results of the study reveal the elevated concentrations of C₁₉, C₂₁, and C₂₃ homologues of n-alkylbenzenes and n-alkylnaphthalenes, which can be considered as biomarkers. The proposed procedure for comprehensive quantification of this group of biomarkers can be used as an efficient tool to study oils from the major petroleum basins of Russia. Based on the results of the study, four genetic groups of oils in Tatarstan have been distinguished: (1) oils from the north and northwest (Bir saddle, Lower Kama system of linear faults, and Saraily saddle), (2) oils from Devonian terrigenous reservoirs within the South Tatar arch and Melekes depression, (3) oils from Carboniferous reservoirs, and (4) oils from Devonian carbonate reservoirs. All these oils belong to the same genetic macrotype. Based on the results of this study, the sedimentary sections of the Melekes depression cannot be regarded as potential source rocks. It is assumed that oil has migrated to the northern part of the region from the north or east. Some of the possible migration routes for oils from the remaining part of Tatarstan are from the southeast and/or south.     

塔里木盆地海相油藏具有高热稳定性的地球化学条件探讨

塔里木盆地在埋深超过8000 m、油藏经历200℃以上高温改造仍然发现液态烃类流体稳定存在,目前勘探工作正在面向深层-超深层拓展,塔里木盆地海相原油具有的高热稳定性来自其较好的保存条件。本文总结了近年来塔里木盆地海相油藏研究进展,结合宏观地质背景演化,主要从微观过程入手探讨塔里木盆地海相油藏热稳定性的地球化学特征。认为宏观上塔里木盆地目前的低地温梯度有利于油藏的稳定保存;而油藏储层中普遍缺乏氧化性矿物,石膏类等含硫矿物也贫乏,使得油藏储层中的烃-水-岩相互作用(包括热化学硫酸盐还原反应)发生的程度有限;同时,塔里木盆地海相油藏中地层水广泛发育、分布复杂,这对油藏中的液态烃类,特别是大分子烃类的热裂解具有抑制作用,从而有利于油藏的稳定保存。有必要进一步开展针对塔里木盆地海相原油热稳定性的微观地球化学特征探讨,特别是烃-水-岩相互作用中有利于原油烃类流体稳定保存的物理化学机理分析,研究成果将有助于深化塔里木盆地深层-超深层油气藏的勘探研究工作。     

Protective effects of oyster extract against hepatic tissue injury in alcoholic liver diseases

Oyster extract is an effective bioactivity component. It has abundant nutritional value and antiviral, antitumor and immune defense functions. The role of oyster extract in treating liver injury has been paid more attention. We use Wistar rats to make alcoholic liver disease model through injecting alcohol into rats' stomachs. These rats were randomly divided into five groups: model group, control group, low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose experimental group with a dose of 0.12 g kg-1, 0.40 g kg-1, and 1.20 g kg-1 alcoholic. After nine weeks, serum biomarkers(ALT, AST, TG and TCHO), malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione(GSH), C3a, C5a, IL-17, TNF-ɑ, anti-MAA-HAS IgG, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, NK cell activation and zinc content were assessed. The results showed that the serum biomarkers(ALT, AST, TG and TCHO), MDA content, anti-MAA-HSA IgG, serum C3a, C5a IL-17 and TNF-ɑ levels of oyster extract treatment groups were significantly decreased in comparison with model group. On the contrary, GSH showed adverse trend. Serum CD3+, CD4+ and NK cell activation were significantly increased in middle-dose group and high-dose group compared with model group, and there was decrease of CD8+ activity in high-dose group. Plasma Zn level was decreased in model group compared with that in control group. Meanwhile, Mean plasma Zn levels increased dramatically following the dose increase of a given oyster extract.     

Geochemical characteristics of crude oils from the Sagara oil field, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan

Abstract   Six oil samples collected from the Sagara oil field, Shizuoka Prefecture, were geochemically analyzed. Unlike the Niigata oils, the Sagara oils: (i) are low-sulphur light oils dominated by gasoline and kerosene fractions; (ii) have low values of environment index in light hydrocarbon compositions; (iii) have high Pr/ n -C₁₇ and low Ph/ n -C₁₈ ratios and high oleanane/hopane ratios; (iv) have high relative abundance of C₂₉ and low relative abundance of C₂₈ regular steranes; and (v) have 'light' stable carbon isotope compositions. These characteristics show that the source rocks of the Sagara oils contain mainly marine organic matter, but with more input of terrigenous organic matter deposited under more oxic conditions compared to those of the Niigata oils. The light carbon isotope compositions and the low relative abundance of C₂₈ regular steranes of the Sagara oils suggest that their source rock is not Miocene, but probably Paleogene in age. The Sagara oils probably migrated along faults from deeper parts of the basin.     

Characterization of diatom-derived lipids and chlorophyll within Holocene laminites, Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, using conventional and laser scanning fluorescence microscopy

Conventional fluorescence microscopy and visible light region fluorescence microspectrometry have been combined with laser scanning fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) to examine and characterize soluble sedimentary organic matter (SOM) in Holocene diatomaceous laminites from ODP core 1034, Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, Canada. Microscopic SOM in the laminites is dominated by two components: red-fluorescing chlorophyllinite, and yellow-fluorescing, diatom-derived oils. Both are commonly preserved within the interior of siliceous diatom auxospores and appear as an abundant and intense stain on mineral matter throughout the laminites. The mineral stain is classified as matrix chlorophyllinite and matrix oil, respectively. Accessory insoluble SOM consists of dinoflagellate, prasinophyte and coccoidal alginites, and rare woody huminite, funginite, and sporinite. Visible light region fluorescence microspectrometry of chlorophyllinite reveals a predominance at λ max 670–675 nm, which is consistent with a chlorophyll a source based on comparison with reference samples of chlorophyll a and b. The consistency in λmax and spectral character of chlorophyllinite with increasing depth in Saanich Inlet correlates with a high degree of chlorophyll preservation. Its distribution in the laminites is readily imaged by LSFM using either UV (363 nm) or blue (488 nm) laser excitation and >665 nm emission. Yellow-fluorescing diatom oils have λmax ranging from 485 to 520 nm, suggesting that they may comprise up to 70% saturates. The distribution of entrapped yellow-fluorescing diatom oils as well as matrix oils is also readily imaged with LSFM using a combination of UV laser excitation (363 nm) and 510 ±40 nm emission. Laminae in the Saanich Inlet samples which are highly enriched in both diatom oils and ‘reproductive’ auxospore cells are interpreted as recording intense episodic spring diatom blooms. The observations reported here document microscopically, in situ, possibly pristine preservation of diatom oils (including possible fatty acids) at appreciable depths within Holocene organic-rich laminites. Their recognition in recent and older strata is important, for they serve as potential biomarkers for assessing long term geo-environmental changes such as water temperature. The periodic presence of anomalously high amounts of diatom-derived biological oils in laminae within the recent sediments may mark times of unusually high nutrient levels and paleoproductivity.     

局限性脂肪肝的CT诊断意义

目的 研究局限性脂肪肝发生部位、形态、密度及鉴别诊断方法，提高对该病的认识。资料和方法 筛选40例CT平扫及强化扫描的脂肪肝病例，通过CT值的测量及肝内血管相对密度分级标准，结合强化CT表现进行诊断。结果：40例中29例按肝段分布（72.2%），10例按肝叶分布（22.2%)，1例呈球形（2.2%)。40例平扫均示肝血管湮没，10例呈血管反转。强化扫描均示密度轻度升高，其内血管清晰，走行正常。结论：用CT值。血管相对密度变化，结合强化扫描对局限性脂肪肝有较高的诊断价值。     

柴达木盆地原油碳同位素组成的主控因素与成因类型

对采集于柴达木盆地16个油田的40个原油进行了碳同位素测定,研究了它们碳同位素组成特征、主控因素及其成因类型。结果表明,柴达木盆地西部地区和北部地区原油碳同位素组成具有显著的差别,西部地区原油富集13C,北部地区原油富集12C。研究发现,成油环境(如盐度和湿度)是决定西部盐湖相原油碳同位素组成及其变化的主要因素,母源性质则控制了北部淡水湖沼相原油的碳同位素组成和变化。根据原油的碳同位素组成和Ph/nC₁₈比值特征,将柴达木盆地原油划分为五种成因类型。     

低成熟石油烃源岩的动力学研究

本文介绍了对东营凹陷下第三系沙河街组沙四段上部具有不同自然熟化程度的低成熟石油烃源岩进行动力学研究的结果。结果表明，浅埋藏、低成熟、低有机丰度且与碳酸盐岩相关的源岩具相对较高的烃产率和平均活化能；平均活化能可能会掩盖低熟成烃特征。依据研究结果，指出当前进入门限埋深以下且具有低活化能生烃母质存在的牛１１样品可能在浅埋藏、低成熟时曾为该区（八面河低熟油田）低成熟石油的形成提供了油源。另外，笔者通过对样品可溶有机质抽提前后活化能分布对比研究，指出了低活化能分布范围内的生烃母质主要为可溶有机质。并且进而提出本区低成熟石油的成油下限埋深划分至２８００ｍ为宜，其对应的下限反应活化能不超过１７７ＫＪ/ｍｏｌ。     

成烃理论的发展：（1）未熟油及有机质成烃演化模式

The wide existence of immature oils throughout the world especially in China broke through the hydrocarbon generation theory through kerogen thermal degradation. Studies have shown that soluble and insoluble organic matter are organically connected in the sedimentary rock, both contributing to hydrocarbon generation. In the diagenesis,kerogen can not produce oils, so immature oils derive directly from the soluble lipids. Hydrocarbon generation process through kerogen thermal degradation takes place mainly in the early catagenesis(R o= 0.2% ～1.2%), and the oils generated are normal. In the late catagenesis, hydrocarbon generation comes into wet gas stage(R o=1.2%～2.0%), with pyrrobitumen degenerating into high mature light oils and oils cracking into gases. In this paper,the author presented a new generating hydrocarbon and evolutionary model with soluble and insoluble organic matter both contributing to the generation of hydrocarbon.