中国近海海面地形的计算与研究

介绍了海面地形的研究现状,并根据几何水准求得了中国近海的海平面倾斜及其精度.给出应用水文资料计算中国近海海面地形的公式及其计算结果.探讨了由球函数模型计算中国近海海面地形的理论和方法,并对不同方法进行了比较,得出了一些有益的结论.     

Seismic activity related to the 1991 eruption of Colima Volcano,Mexico

Ten years after the last effusive eruption and at least 15 years of seismic quiescence, volcanic seismic activity started at Colima volcano on 14 February 1991, with a seismic crisis which reached counts of more than 100 per day and showed a diversity of earthquake types. Four other distinct seismic crises followed, before a mild effusive eruption in April 1991. The second crisis preceded the extrusion of an andesitic scoriaceous lava lobe, first reported on 1 March; during this crisis an interesting temporary concentration of seismic foci below the crater was observed shortly before the extrusion was detected. The third crisis was constituted by shallow seismicity, featuring possible mild degassing explosion-induced activity in the form of hiccups (episodes of simple wavelets that repeat with diminishing amplitude), and accompanied by increased fumarolic activity. The growth of the new lava dome was accompanied by changing seismicity. On 16 April during the fifth crisis which consisted of some relatively large, shallow, volcanic earthquakes and numerous avalanches of older dome material, part of the newly extruded dome, which had grown towards the edge of the old dome, collapsed, producing the largest avalanches and ash flows. Afterwards, block lava began to flow slowly along the SW flank of the volcano, generating frequent small incandescent avalanches. The seismicity associated with the stages of this eruptive activity shows some interesting features: most earthquake foci were located north of the summit, some of them relatively deep (7–11 km below the summit level), underneath the saddle between the Colima and the older Nevado volcanoes. An apparently seismic quiet region appears between 4 and 7 km below the summit level. In June, harmonic tremors were detected for the first time, but no changes in the eruptive activity could be correlated with them. After June, the seismicity decreasing trend was established, and the effusive activity stopped on September 1991.     

沙漠边缘地区果园幼树越冬技术措施的研究

调控２年生苹果树灌水次数、时期和土壤管理试验，使７月下旬１００ｃｍ上层含水量为土壤田间持水量的５０％左右，促进幼树根系向下生长、新梢适时停止生长、提早进入休眠准备；１０月上旬冬灌，下旬耕翻土壤、提高地温和降低冻土厚度，下旬耕翻土壤、提高地温和降低冻土厚度，使苹果幼树正常越冬率由对照的５２．４％提高到９７．１％，差异极显著。     

HEIFE绿洲区太阳总辐射和地表反射率的分光谱特征

太阳辐射的分光测量在许多研究和应用领域中都具有十分重要的意义．本文利用HEIFE临泽子站进行的太阳总辐射和反射辐射的分光观测资料，研究了黑河绿洲区太阳总辐射和地表反射率的光谱特征．研究结果表明：在太阳总辐射的光谱能量分布中，紫外和可见光部分的比倒偏小，近红外部分则偏太．在其从冬到夏的季节变化中紫外和可见光部分是由小到大，近红外部分剐是由大到小。在其日变化中0．5μm以下波段是中午大早晚小；0．7μm以上波段是中午小，早晚大；0．5-0．7μm波段的日变化不明显。紫外波段的相对日变化幅度最大．地表反射率的光谱特性有明显的季节变化，变化特征与地表植被状况有关．各波段地表反射率的日变化型有一定的季节差异，其中波长小于0．7μm部分较为明显，并与地表植被状况有关．在裸露地表各波段反射率与太阳高度角的关系中，近红外波段随太阳高度角增加而增大，紫外和可见光波段则随太阳高度角增大而减小．全波段反射率随太阳高度角增大而增大主要是近红外波段的贡献．这是裸露地表光谱反射率的重要特征之一。     

Study of the crust and mantle using magnetic surveys by Magsat and other satellites

Among the first measurements made from near-Earth orbiting satellites were measurements of the magnetic field. The sources of that field lie both within the Earth, in its core and crust, and in the surrounding ionosphere and magnetosphere. This article summarizes some of the methodology and results for studies of the Earth’s mantle and crust. Mantle conductivity studies can be made either by studying signals impressed on the Earth from outside, e.g., the ionosphere or magnetosphere, or by studying signals originating in the core and transmitted through the mantle. Crustal field studies begin with a careful selection of the data and subsequent removal of core and external fields by some sort of filtering. Average maps from different local times sometimes differ, presumably due to the remaining presence of fields of external origin. Several techniques for further filtering are discussed. Where large-area aeromagnetic maps are available, crustal maps derived from satellite data can be compared with upward continued data. In general, the comparisons show agreement, with some differences, particularly in and near the auroral belts. The satellite data are further reduced by various methods of inverse and forward modelling, sometimes including reduction to the pole (RTP). These techniques are generally unstable at the equator. Common methods of stabilizing the inversions include principle components analysis and ridge regression. Because of the presence of the core field, the entire crustal contribution from the field is not known. Also, there is a basic nonuniqueness to the inverse solutions. Nevertheless, magnetizations that are interpretable can be derived.     

对中国大陆区域地磁场提取的认识

本文从球谐函数理论的物理含义、中国地磁数据的分布情况及实际计算结果的分析,提出对当前用球谐函数拟合法提取中国大陆区域地磁异常的几点认识。     

珠江三角洲宏观经济发展与震后恢复方案

在投入产出综合平衡模型的基础上，在充分考虑珠江三角洲地区资源的条件下，结合该区未来经济发展的战略目标，建立了宏观经济发展的动态递推模型。利用该模型，借助系统优化算法，对珠江三角洲地区宏观经济的发展作出了最优规划，对该区未来的震害提出了最佳的恢复方案。由震害所致间接经济损失的系统分析，是结合原发展规划方案的对投资结构、产业结构作出的动态分析，可作为未来珠江三角洲地区产业的调整、投资、方向的改变，以主     

763长周期地震仪水平摆的安装调试和性能的一致性比测

本文以泉州台 763长周期地震仪水平摆的安装调试为例 ,介绍用“一致性比测法”检测 763长周期地震仪水平摆的安装调试结果。     

清镇红枫湖沿岸地裂缝灾害及防治对策

本文对红枫湖沿岸村寨的地裂缝地质灾害进行了调查,在调查的基础上,对地裂缝地质灾害的成因进行了分析,在分析形成原因的基础上提出了防治措施建议。     

新疆可持续协调发展动态分析与评价

作为“资源大区”的新疆,在中国经济发展中具有重要的资源战略地位、生态安全地位和沿边开放地位。实施可持续发展战略,走可持续发展之路,是新疆区域发展的必然要求。在构建区域可持续发展指标体系的基础上,依据1980-2003年的统计数据,采用组合评价法研究新疆可持续协调发展及其动态变化,并得出一些主要结论和启示。