产甲壳素酶菌株HD001的发酵条件研究及酶的分离纯化

通过对降解甲壳素菌株 HD001 的发酵条件研究,确定了其产甲壳素酶最适培养基组分为 ( w/v ):( NH4 ) 2SO4 2.0%, NaCl 0.5%, K2HPO4 0.07%, KH2P O4 0.03%, MgSO4·7H2O 0.05% 以及葡萄糖 0.1%、酵母粉 0.3% 和胶体甲壳素 1.5%;最适产酶培养条件为:培养基起始 pH 值 6.0,培养温度 30 ℃,培养时间 120 h,发酵液酶活力达 376.2 U/mL.采用硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-纤维素离子交换层析、Sephacryl S-100 凝胶过滤层析对该酶进行纯化后,SDS-PAGE电泳显示单一条带,其相对分子质量约为 85.7 kDa.     

Recovery of Chitin and Protein from Shrimp Head Waste by Endogenous Enzyme Autolysis and Fermentation

The industrial processing of shrimp produces massive quantities of solid waste that is a notable source of animal protein, chitin, carotenoids, and other bioactive compounds that are not appropriately utilized. In the present study, chitin and protein extraction from shrimp head with autolysis and fermentation using Bacillus licheniformis were investigated. The results showed that when shrimp heads were autolyzed with a natural pH at 50℃ for 4 h, the total amino acid nitrogen in the supernatant was 5.01 mg mL^-1. Then, when a 50%(v/m) inoculum of the hydrolysate was incubated at 60℃ for 10 h, a deproteinization rate of 88.3% could be obtained. The fermented supernatant was processed into a dry protein powder, while the residues were demineralized by 10% citric acid for chitin. The recovered protein powder contained 5.5% moisture, 11.5% ash, and 66.7% protein, while the chitin contained 3.5% moisture, 2.1% ash, and 3.1% protein. In addition, amino acids, minerals, heavy metals, the degree of acetylation, microstructure, and Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy results were analyzed. Furthermore, the statistics of the large scale trial after treatment with 20 kg of shrimp heads were analyzed. Thus, this work made the shrimp waste utilization environmentally sound and valuable.     

赤铁矿和氧化镁对养殖粪污厌氧发酵气体中H_2S的抑制

集约化畜禽养殖场厌氧发酵过程中产生的大量H2S具有潜在的危害。本文以某畜禽养殖场的新鲜猪粪为研究对象,通过添加不同比例的赤铁矿和氧化镁,模拟猪粪厌氧发酵过程中对H2S产生和释放的影响。在18 d的持续实验中,对发酵液中pH和发酵气体中H2S浓度变化进行全程监控,结果表明：添加赤铁矿对发酵体系的pH无明显影响,而添加氧化镁可显著提高发酵体系的pH值;添加2种矿物越多,气体中H2S含量越低。推测2种矿物对H2S产生的抑制在机制上有所不同。赤铁矿主要通过还原分解消耗H＋和沉淀消耗S2-的方式抑制H2S的产生;氧化镁则主要通过提高体系pH值,抑制SRB的活性以及降低H2S在气相中的分配。     

Enhanced Carotenoid Production by a Mutant of the Marine Yeast Rhodotorula sp. hidai

1 Introduction In recent years, carotenoids have received increasing attention as they have extensive use in medicine, cosmetic, chemistry, food industry and feed industry. In industry, carotenoid and astaxanthin can be used as the additives of food or feeds. Carotenoids can also serve as the precursor of vitamin A in mammals. In recent years, many types of carotenoid have aroused extensive interest because of their many beneficial effects on human health. For in-stance, lycopene and astaxant…     

Amylase Production by the Marine Yeast Aureobasidium pullulans N13d

1 Introduction Amylases are enzymes which hydrolyze starch molecules to give diverse products including dextrin and pro-gressively smaller polymers composed of glucose units(Windish et al., 1965; Pandey et al., 2000; Chi et al.2001). Amylase is a kind of very important enzyme andconstitutes a class of industrial enzymes sharing approximately 25% of the enzyme market (Sindhu et al.1997; Rao et al., 1998). Amylases are universally distributed throughout the animal, plant and microbial kingdoms…     

Amylase production by the marine yeast Aureobasidium pullulans N13d

The marine yeast strain N13d, producing an extracellular amylase, was isolated from the deep sea sediments of the Pacific Ocean. This strain was identified to be Aureobasidium pullulans by 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis and routine yeast identification methods. The optimal sea water medium for amylase production by this yeast strain was 1.0% peptone and 1.0% soluble starch with pH 4.0. The optimal conditions for amylase production by this yeast strain were with temperature 28 °C, aeration rate 6 Lmin⁻¹ and agitation speed 250 rmin⁻¹. Under these conditions, 58.5 units of amylase activity per mg protein were produced within 56 h of fermentation.     

皮状丝孢酵母利用大米草水解液发酵生产微生物油脂

研究了产油酵母菌皮状丝孢酵母（Trichosporon cutaneum）利用经过简单脱毒处理的大米草水解液，直接发酵生产微生物油脂。首先分别用1％、2％、4％和6％稀硫酸，在122℃水解大米草，大米草／硫酸（固／液比）为10％。结果表明，在6％的酸浓度下水解40rain后总还原糖含量最高。而1％稀硫酸在140℃下水解大米草，2．8h后，水解液中葡萄糖产量达到最高14．2g／L。然后将该条件下大米草水解液冷冻干燥浓缩为不同的倍数，作为皮状丝孢酵母菌的发酵培养基，水解液浓缩倍数为4．0时，产油量最高达6．0g／L。为高效利用大米草，将大米草开发为一种能源植物，提供了新的途径。     

离子色谱法同时测定嗜热厌氧菌发酵液中的有机酸与无机阴离子

建立了一种利用离子色谱法同时测定甲酸、乙酸、乳酸、丙酸、丁酸5种有机酸及PO4-3、SO4-2、NO3-、Cl-、F-5种无机阴离子的方法。样品通过过滤、预柱处理后用IonPac AS11柱分离,以自动淋洗液发生器生成的KOH为淋洗液进行梯度洗脱,建立了优化的洗脱程序。用抑制型电导检测器检测有机酸的相对标准偏差为0.73%~1.01%,加标回收率为88.1%~100.2%;无机阴离子的平均相对标准偏差为2.03%,加标回收率为92.6%~101.1%,该方法可用于嗜热厌氧菌发酵液中低分子的有机酸和无机阴离子的同时测定。     

产壳聚糖酶菌株发酵条件优化及壳聚糖酶的分离纯化研究

从土壤中筛选得到一株产壳聚糖酶菌株P003,对其进行了发酵条件优化.结果表明其最适发酵培养条件为:(NH4)2SO42.0%,粉末壳聚糖1.0%,葡萄糖0.1%,K2HPO40.07%,KH2PO40.03%,NaCl 0.5%,MgSO4·7H2O 0.05%,酵母提取物0.3%,调pH至5.0;2.0%接种量,500 mL三角瓶装液量为150 mL,32℃下150 r/min摇床培养96 h,在此条件下菌株发酵液的壳聚糖酶活力达108 u/mL.采用硫酸铵分级盐析、离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析等方法,从菌株的发酵液中分离出了分子质量为30.5 ku的壳聚糖酶.     

河口沼泽土壤醋酸发酵途径产生的甲烷及基质添加对甲烷产生的刺激作用

采集闽江口鳝鱼滩优势植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)、短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis Lam.var.brevifolius Bocklr)和互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)沼泽的土壤样品,添加土壤醋酸发酵途径产甲烷的特殊抑制剂——磷酸盐缓冲液以及不同甲烷产生...