On the Application of a Genetic Algorithm to the Predictability Problems Involving "On-Off" Switches

The lower bound of maximum predictable time can be formulated into a constrained nonlinear opti- mization problem, and the traditional solutions to this problem are the filtering method and the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method. Usually, the CNOP method is implemented with the help of a gradient descent algorithm based on the adjoint method, which is named the ADJ-CNOP. However, with the increasing improvement of actual prediction models, more and more physical processes are taken into consideration in models in the form of parameterization, thus giving rise to the on-off switch problem, which tremendously affects the effectiveness of the conventional gradient descent algorithm based on the ad- joint method. In this study, we attempted to apply a genetic algorithm (GA) to the CNOP method, named GA-CNOP, to solve the predictability problems involving on-off switches. As the precision of the filtering method depends uniquely on the division of the constraint region, its results were taken as benchmarks, and a series of comparisons between the ADJ-CNOP and the GA-CNOP were performed for the modified Lorenz equation. Results show that the GA-CNOP can always determine the accurate lower bound of maximum predictable time, even in non-smooth cases, while the ADJ-CNOP, owing to the effect of on-off switches, often yields the incorrect lower bound of maximum predictable time. Therefore, in non-smooth cases, using GAs to solve predictability problems is more effective than using the conventional optimization algorithm based on gradients, as long as genetic operators in GAs are properly configured.     

雨量采集的优化设计

翻斗式雨量传感器的大多数故障具有隐蔽性,现行的采集方法普遍容易忽略这个问题。为此介绍一种雨量采集的优化设计方法。从干簧管工作原理出发,分析雨量采集的异常原因,针对干簧管失效、双簧片吸合移位以及突发异常的零星雨量或高值雨量等问题,在总结现行的雨量采集方法缺点后,提出有效的解决方案,包括干簧管吸合脉宽诊断、雨量脉冲周期诊断、屏蔽电磁干扰措施以及一种新颖的基于趋势分析的干簧管常开状态诊断技术。实践证明,这些解决方案可行、有效,提高了雨量采集数据的可信度与准确度。     

基于网络会议的SIP 智能终端的实现

现有的视频会议系统,大多数限于点对点的形式.即使是一些多点视频会议系统也是采用专用的硬件设备,系统复杂、造价昂贵,不适合大范围推广.介绍了基于SIP协议的多媒体会议软终端的实现,可以在企业现有设备（服务器和PC）的基础上实现纯软件的视频会议系统.     

Paleozoic Tectonic Switch in the North Qinling Orogenic Belt: Constraints from the Paleozoic Granites from the Northern Qinling Migmatite Terrane

The variations in source rocks and melting conditions of granites can provide essential clues for the crustal magmatic response in orogenic process. Based on geochronology, whole-rock and mineral chemistry, this paper reveals two different granites in the Northern Qinling migmatite complex, which reveal obvious differences in source region and melting condition. The older granodiorite (402 ± 0.8 Ma) displays typical Na-rich adakite affinity, i.e., high Na2O/K2O (2.04 to 2.64) and Sr/Y (96 to 117) ratios, they have relative evolved isotopic compositions (εNd(t) = ?0.52 to ?0.04; zircon εHf(t) = ?0.06 to +7.78). The younger leucogranite (371 ± 2 Ma) displays higher SiO2 (72.32 to 73.45 wt%), lower (TFeO + MgO + CaO + TiO2) contents (<2 wt%) and depleted Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions (i.e., εNd(t) = +2.6 to +3.0; zircon εHf(t) = +5.94 to +14.12), as well as high 10000 × Ga/Al and TFeO/MgO ratios, indicating that they represent highly fractionated I-type granites that derived from melting of juvenile crust. The variations in source rocks and melting condition of the two granites indicating a tectonic switch from compression to extension in 400 to 370 Ma, this switch is later than that in the eastern section of the North Qinling, indicating a scissor collision process between the South Qinling and North China Craton (NCC) in Devonian era.     

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Late Cretaceous–Paleocene Granites from the Tengchong Block, Western Yunnan: Implications for Angle-switching of Subducting Slab

The Cenozoic geological hallmark of Western Yunnan is the characteristic voluminous Late Cretaceous-Eocene granites; however, their geological background and petrogenesis have not been well constrained and elucidated. In this study, we present new zircon U-Pb dating, along with geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic data for granites from the Tengchong–Lianghe granitoid belt (as abbreviated to Tengliang belt) and West Yingjiang batholiths from the Tengchong block. The mineralogical and geochemical features of the Tengliang granites and the West Yingjiang batholiths are ascribed to aluminous S-type granites and weak peraluminous I-type, respectively. Zircon U-Pb analyses yielded consistent ages ranging from 67.5 Ma, 68.4 Ma and 66.2 Ma from the Tengliang granitoid belt and 50.4 Ma to 60.8 Ma for three samples from the west Yingjiang batholiths. The Tengliang granites were emplaced during the Late Cretaceous (68?66 Ma) and demonstrate negative εHf(t) values (?24 to ?4) and initial?87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7101–0.7139 and significant negative εNd(t) values from ?8.91 to ?13.2, indicating a Proterozoic sedimentary source or enriched components. The hornblende-bearing I-type granites from West Yingjiang are characterized by lower initial?87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7076–0.7106, compared to Tengliang granite and negative whole-rock εNd(t) values from ?4.0 to ?11.9. The early Eocene west Yingjiang gneissic granites show wide ranges of εHf(t) values from +7.4 to ?8.5 and T2DM of 1.30–0.65 Ga, indicating partial melting of ancient crust with contributions of depleted mantle materials. In combination with the regional background and previous studies, we propose that such a spatio-temporal distribution of the Tengchong granitoid belt might be related to the rollback or angle-switching of the Neo-Tethyan subducting slab. This study sheds new light on the evolutionary history of the Tengchong block.     

虚拟局域网技术分析及其在校园网中的应用

探讨虚拟局域网技术.基于端口的VLAN(虚拟局域网)技术在保证了VLAN本身灵活性的同时,又为网络的安全管理提供了有效的技术手段.利用Cisoo交换机,按端口组网的方法建设校园网.     

GPRS业务在自动气象站网数据传输中的应用

广东省中山市气象局引进中国移动通信公司的GRPS无线业务通讯技术,取代常规电话拨号方式,用于完成中尺度灾害性天气监测网中22个自动气象站观测资料的采集和传输。在实际气象业务试运行中的结果表明,GPRS通讯方式具有实时在线、高速传输、登陆快捷、收费合理、监控方便和安全可靠等优点,特别是在间断、突发性的或频繁、少量的气象数据传输中表现出良好的性能,适合中尺度自动气象站网气象资料采集和传输的需要。根据GPRS的发展前景,对该业务未来在气象部门的应用作了初步展望。     

几种光网络交换技术的比较

全光网(AON，all—optical network)能在光域上实现高速信息流的传输、交换、路由和故障恢复等功能。实现全光网络的关键技术之一是用光交换代替电交换。光交换技术是真正实现全光网关键性功能的必要前提．也是目前国内外光通讯器件厂商研究和开发的热点。这里结合全光网的发展，介绍了一些常用光交换技术的基本原理、性能指标，并对这些常用技术进行了比较，最后对光交换的发展前景做了展望。     

24~30 GHz GaN HEMT单片集成单刀双掷开关

本文研究了一种基于100 nm氮化镓（GaN）高电子迁移率晶体管（HEMT）工艺设计的24~30 GHz单片集成单刀双掷（SPDT）开关.该开关采用1/4波长微带线并联HEMT开关器件的结构，通过采用两级并联HEMT实现低插入损耗同时获得更好的隔离度.测试结果显示，在24~30 GHz的5G毫米波频段内以及0/-5 V的控制电压下，该开关的插入损耗低于1.5 dB，隔离度优于28 dB，输入功率1 dB压缩点大于27 dBm.测试结果能够很好地验证仿真结果.     

Seismic vulnerability assessment of a high voltage disconnect switch

This paper deals with the seismic vulnerability of high voltage equipment typically installed in electric substations. In particular, the seismic response of a 380 kV vertical disconnect switch has been investigated based on the results of an experimental campaign carried out at Roma Tre University. According to a series of non-linear analyses, the influence of the most significant parameters on the seismic behavior of this apparatus has been analyzed and the corresponding fragility curves have been evaluated by using the Effective Fragility Analysis method. The results showed a limited vulnerability of the disconnect switch, whose most critical parts are the bottom joint of the ceramic support column and the steel column base.