用卫星资料计算我国东部地区晴空太阳辐射

根据光的多次散射理论的离散纵标法，利用我国东南沿海地区探空站的资料，计算出不同高度上分谱段的太阳直接辐射和向上，向下散射辐射，与相应时刻的卫星测值（可见光，红外通道S－VISSR计数值）进行逐步回归拟合，建立晴空状况下卫星测值与大气中各高度太阳直接辐射和攻射辐射的统计模式，并将拟合方法进行稳定性检验，据此可以利用卫星资料计算各高度分谱段的太阳直接辐射和散射辐射。     

A nonlinear time-lag differential equation model for predicting monthly precipitation

This paper investigates the nonlinear prediction of monthly rainfall time series which consists of phase space con-tinuation of one-dimensional sequence, followed by least-square determination of the coefficients for the terms of the time-lag differential equation model and then fitting of the prognostic expression is made to 1951-1980 monthly rainfall datasets from Changsha station Results show that the model is likely to describe the nonlinearity of the an-nual cycle of precipitation on a monthly basis and to provide a basis for flood prevention and drought combating for the wet season.     

基于RegCM4.6的中国地区云对地表太阳辐射的影响研究

使用RegCM4.6区域气候模式，选取Emanuel和Mix（Grell+Emanuel）两种积云对流参数化方案，以2016年为例，分别对中国地区云短波辐射强迫及其涉及的物理量进行数值模拟，揭示其时空分布特征，并探究两种积云对流参数方案模拟效果的差异及其原因。结果表明：从季节平均来看，全国地表云短波辐射强迫均为负值，云对地表为冷却效应，冬季最小，春夏季较大。塔里木盆地四季均为辐射强迫低值区，夏季冷却效应最弱，辐射强迫绝对值低于40 W·m-2；全天空地表净短波辐射分布也呈显著季节差异，除夏季外均呈由南向北逐渐递减的分布趋势；晴空地表净短波辐射在横断山脉处和塔里木盆地处均比较低，其中春季最为明显；两个方案所得的季节空间分布特征大致相同，但在数值上存在差异。春季时全国大部分地区全天空地表净短波辐射通量差异最大，在55 W·m-2左右，晴空地表净短波辐射通量在青藏高原处差异在60W·m-2左右。     

滇东磷矿风化型矿石的判别指标讨论及次生风化富集作用

风化型磷矿石－风化磷块岩是滇东最主要的磷矿石，为判别矿石为原生成风化磷块岩，前人已提出过１０余种作为判别标志的风化指标，但是这些指标的计算仅以矿石的化学组成为依据。笔者研究后指出，应以次生风化作用过程中磷块岩的组成和结构变化为基础，再合理使用上述某些判别指标，才能正确确定风化矿石，决定其利用价值和方法。笔者还指出，在次生风化作用中被溶蚀的不仅是碳酸盐，只要条件适当，石英和粘土矿物也可以溶蚀，使磷矿石品位增高，结构疏松，成为有利于洗选的优质矿石。     

A comparison of methods for the inversion of airborne gravity data

Four integral-based methods for the inversion of gravity disturbances, derived from airborne gravity measurements, into the disturbing potential on the Bjerhammar sphere and the Earths surface are investigated and compared with least-squares (LS) collocation. The performance of the methods is numerically investigated using noise-free and noisy observations, which have been generated using a synthetic gravity field model. It is found that advanced interpolation of gravity disturbances at the nodes of higher-order numerical integration formulas significantly improves the performance of the integral-based methods. This is preferable to the commonly used one-point composed Newton–Cotes integration formulas, which intrinsically imply a piecewise constant interpolation over a patch centered at the observation point. It is shown that the investigated methods behave similarly for noise-free observations, but differently for noisy observations. The best results in terms of root-mean-square (RMS) height-anomaly errors are obtained when the gravity disturbances are first downward continued (inverse Poisson integral) and then transformed into potential values (Hotine integral). The latter has a strong smoothing effect, which damps high-frequency errors inherent in the downward-continued gravity disturbances. An integral method based on the single-layer representation of the disturbing potential shows a similar performance. This representation has the advantage that it can be used directly on surfaces with non-spherical geometry, whereas classical integral-based methods require an additional step if gravity field functionals have to be computed on non-spherical geometries. It is shown that defining the single-layer density on the Bjerhammar sphere gives results with the same quality as obtained when using the Earths topography as support for the single-layer density. A comparison of the four integral-based methods with LS collocation shows that the latter method performs slightly better in terms of RMS height-anomaly errors.     

Central Configurations of the Symmetric Restricted 4-Body Problem

We consider the symmetric planar (3 + 1)-body problem with finite masses m ₁ = m ₂ = 1, m ₃ = µ and one small mass m ₄ = . We count the number of central configurations of the restricted case = 0, where the finite masses remain in an equilateral triangle configuration, by means of the bifurcation diagram with as the parameter. The diagram shows a folding bifurcation at a value consistent with that found numerically by Meyer [9] and it is shown that for small > 0 the bifurcation diagram persists, thus leading to an exact count of central configurations and a folding bifurcation for small m ₄ > 0.     

Geoid determination using one-step integration

A residual (high-frequency) gravimetric geoid is usually computed from geographically limited ground, sea and/or airborne gravimetric data. The mathematical model for its determination from ground gravity is based on the transformation of observed discrete values of gravity into gravity potential related to either the international ellipsoid or the geoid. The two reference surfaces are used depending on height information that accompanies ground gravity data: traditionally orthometric heights determined by geodetic levelling were used while GPS positioning nowadays allows for estimation of geodetic (ellipsoidal) heights. This transformation is usually performed in two steps: (1) observed values of gravity are downward continued to the ellipsoid or the geoid, and (2) gravity at the ellipsoid or the geoid is transformed into the corresponding potential. Each of these two steps represents the solution of one geodetic boundary-value problem of potential theory, namely the first and second or third problem. Thus two different geodetic boundary-value problems must be formulated and solved, which requires numerical evaluation of two surface integrals. In this contribution, a mathematical model in the form of a single Fredholm integral equation of the first kind is presented and numerically investigated. This model combines the solution of the first and second/third boundary-value problems and transforms ground gravity disturbances or anomalies into the harmonically downward continued disturbing potential at the ellipsoid or the geoid directly. Numerical tests show that the new approach offers an efficient and stable solution for the determination of the residual geoid from ground gravity data.     

含溶洞介质地震记录正演

为了揭示缝洞储层的地震波场特征，运用适合任意倾角且横纵向可变速的波场数值模拟方法(相移加插值)研究了其中一种重要的具有“串珠”状反射特征的地质模型。根据某地区地质特征设计了四个模型，并利用相移加插值的方法对模型进行了正演和偏移，得出了含溶洞介质的地震波场特征的一些有意义的结论和认识。     

舟山群岛一次低压大风过程的诊断分析

通过对舟山群岛一次低压大风过程的天气形势及各种物理量的诊断分析认为：地面的倒槽波动，加上高空的涡度平流、低层南北两支气流相遇形成的强烈的切变是地面低压能够形成并发展的关键。中低层的温度平流、降水凝结释放潜热维持上升运动，是低压进一步发展的有利条件。高空动量下传最终形成了地面的强风。     

重磁位场的正则化向下延拓

传统的位场向下延拓方法,在下延至场源体顶面深度附近区域,位场将发生强烈的振荡效应,无法继续向下延拓,难以用空间位场特征确定场源体的深度等特征,当然更无法划分出垂向迭加体。本文讨论了一种新的正则化方法：利用引入位场频率,埋深与正则化因子等有关的校正函数。使得向下延拓过场源体时,场值不奇异。因此,可以达到场源体以下任意需要的深度。理论场和实测资料的正则化向下延拓成果表明,本方法能有效地反映出场源体的深度等特征,也能较准确地划分出具有垂向与水平迭加的单个场源体。