东台坳陷现今地温场特征与油藏分布关系

东台坳陷为中国东部苏北盆地油气资源最丰富的地区。为了加深对东台坳陷地温场和油藏关系的理解,根据符合地温场研究要求的54口井连续测温资料和243口井试油温度数据,获得了深度1000～3500m地温、E2s-K2t各层位界面地温和各层地温梯度。地温场分布以凹陷或次凹成独立单元,地温随深度加深而线性增高,地温异常不明显。地温梯度总体呈现"浅层低、深层高"的特点,E2s-E2d地温梯度总体在22～30℃/km之间,E1f-K2t在28～38℃/km之间,平均约为30℃/km。不同深度的地温和地温梯度分布模式相似,正向构造单元高,负向构造单元低;而不同层位的地温分布规律则相反,即凹陷内温度高,凸起和隆起上的温度低。基底构造形态、沉积盖层厚度、深大断裂、地下水、地层放射性生热等因素决定了该坳陷总体为温盆特征。大部分地区目前还处在油气液态窗内,绝大多数油藏分布高于60℃的油气勘探开发黄金区域。     

阿尔金断裂带中侏罗世走滑活动及其断裂规模的探讨 ——来自软沉积物变形的证据

阿尔金断裂带是青藏高原北部边界,它不仅切割了高原北部的不同构造单元,控制了高原北部的几何学特征及基本的构造格架,而且还是调节青藏高原变形和高原物质向东挤出的重要断裂之一,对它的形成时代、活动历史以及断裂带的生长过程和演化的研究是认识青藏高原形成过程和动力学问题的关键之一.本文以阿尔金断裂带中段肃北县城南部出露的中侏罗纪陆相湖沼地层为研究对象,在野外中侏罗世剖面中,共发现26层软沉积物变形层.软沉积物变形的方式主要是不同类型的砂土液化,包括负载、球-枕状构造、卷曲变形、液化角砾、液化底劈和砂火山构造;软沉积变形大多发生在细砂岩和泥质粉砂岩层中,细砂岩层易液化、变形剧烈;粒度统计显示发生液化的沙粒粒径在0.05～0.5mm之间,主要为0.2～0.3mm,这些砂土液化的软沉积物变形特征与历史地震和模拟实验获取的易液化扰动区间高度一致,因此,中侏罗世地层中发育的软沉积物变形是由于地震震动而形成.根据震级与液化最大震中距的关系,推测发生的最小震级在Ms6～6.5之间,根据软沉积变形的类别与震级之间的关系推断最大可能发生的震级为7.5级.根据软沉积变形层出现的频率和组合关系,我们认为肃北剖面反应的是一个地震幕,发生的地震事件至少在4次以上,表明在中侏罗世(古)阿尔金断裂带发生了强烈的走滑运动,并且至少断裂带已延展到肃北一带,结合索尔库里地区晚三叠纪左旋走滑活动形成的糜棱岩以及玉门地区白垩纪的火山活动和软沉积物变形的事实,指示着阿尔金断裂带至少经历了晚三叠纪、中侏罗纪、晚白垩纪及新近纪的强烈走滑活动,并且其断裂带由索尔库里地区向东西两端逐渐扩展生长,由早期百千米到上千千米、一千多千米至约两千千米长的现今规模.     

Detailed seafloor geomorphology of the western region of the North Yellow Sea,China: The result of Holocene erosional and depositional processes sculpting the offshore continental shelf

High-resolution multi-beam/single-beam bathymetric data and seismic profiling data from the latest surveys are used to map and interpret the detailed seafloor geomorphology of the western region of the North Yellow Sea (NYS), China. The mapping area covers 156 410 km2, and incorporates a flat shelf plain, subaqueous accumulation shoals, tidal scouring troughs, and tidal sand ridge groups. Offshore areas with water depths less than 50 m in the western region of the NYS are mainly covered by thick, loose sediments, forming wide spread accumulation geomorphological features; these include the Liaodong Peninsula subaqueous accumulation system containing shoals and rugged scouring troughs, and the large mud wedge of the Shandong Peninsula. In the central part of the NYS, there is a relatively flat residual shelf plain with coarser sediment deposits. This flat shelf plain has a water depth larger than 50 m and a thin layer of sediment, on which there is a large pockmark field caused by seafloor seepage. These geomorphological structures indicate that modern sedimentary processes are the main driving force controlling the sculpture of the current seafloor surface landform. Extensive strong tidal current systems and abundant sediment sources provide the critical external forces and essential conditions for the formation of seafloor geomorphology. The tectonic basement controls the macroscopic morphological shape of the NYS, but is reflected very little in the seafloor geomorphic elements. Our results provide a detailed seafloor geomorphological map of the western region of the NYS, an area that has not previously mapped and also provide a scientific framework for further research into offshore seafloor geomorphology, shelf sedimentary processes, and submarine engineering construction in this region.     

温米退积型与进积型浅水辫状河三角洲沉积模式

不同类型辫状河三角洲的成因分析是预测剩余油分布及制定合理开发政策的基础。岩石地球化学及成因地层分析表明,温米油田三间房组是在气候干燥的淡水湖盆长期基准面旋回内的退积型和进积型浅水辫状河三角洲沉积。应用精细成因地层对比方法建立三间房组单砂层成因地层格架。基于单分流河道识别：退积型辫状河三角洲规模小,分流河道宽深比30～58,平面形态纵向由枝状向指状演化,发育CSm→MSp-l→FSh→FSp-h→FStr→FSp-h→Fr较细岩石相组合;进积型辫状河三角洲规模相对较大,分流河道宽深比53～108,平面形态纵向呈指状-枝状-片状演化,发育SCm→GCSm→CStr→FSp-h→FSp-l较粗岩石相组合,湖底坡折带发育小型河口坝。水气交替注入能较大幅度提高这类油藏的采收率。     

高邮凹陷古近系戴南组扇三角洲沉积体系及其沉积相模式

扇三角洲是苏北盆地高邮凹陷戴南组较为发育的一种沉积类型,集中分布在凹陷南部陡坡带一侧,是该区一个重要的勘探领域。根据岩芯、测井、地震、粒度等资料,对高邮凹陷古近系戴南组扇三角洲的沉积特征进行了研究,建立了高邮凹陷戴南组的沉积相模式。根据单井沉积相、连井沉积相分析以及地震剖面反射特征和砂地比图综合分析,确定了戴南组各亚段沉积相的平面展布,编制了戴南组各亚段沉积相分布图。结果表明:高邮凹陷南部陡坡带地形陡,存在扇三角洲发育的条件,也存在反映浅水环境的岩性特点,成分成熟度和结构成熟度低反映了近物源的条件,还发现反映牵引流和重力流共存的沉积构造特点;从地震反射特征上看,反射结构不稳定,并发现向盆地边缘加厚的楔形地震相。在此基础上,重点对戴南组扇三角洲相各微相进行了分析,共划分出扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘和前扇三角洲亚相,并进一步划分出水上分流河道、漫滩沼泽、水下分流河道、分流河道间和席状砂等微相,最后详细阐述了各微相的沉积特征。     

苏北盆地许庄构造断层特征及形成演化

根据地震及钻井、测井资料,编制苏北盆地高邮凹陷许庄构造断裂平面及剖面图,分析江苏油田苏北盆地许庄构造的断层特征、构造演化及其断层活动特点.结果表明:许庄构造为平行式阶梯状和"y"型断层组合,真①断层与真②断层间所夹持的断块发育多米诺式正断层.断层演化顺序为真①断层在泰州组—阜宁组沉积时,沿先期存在的逆断层回滑首先发育,并伴生次级断层,戴南组—三垛组沉积时停止活动,盐城组又有所活动;真②断层在戴南组沉积时开始发育,部分延续了真①断层伴生的次级断层,其活动持续到盐城组沉积.     

Mega-shoaling in carbonate platform of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation,Sichuan Basin,southwest China

Shoaling is a common type of sedimentation in the evolution of carbonate platform,and commonly has poor continuity.This paper presents a newly discovered and rare type of shoaling,i.e.,mega-shoaling in nearly basin scale,which is developed in the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation of the Sichuan Basin,southwest China.During the Leikoupo time,the studied Sichuan Basin experienced hot and dry climate conditions and developed a carbonate platform within a restricted epicontinental sea.In B sub-layer of the Lei-1-1 sub-member of the Leikoupo Formation a series of grainstones of shoal facies accumulated throughout almost the entire basin,thereby generating features associated with basin-scale mega-shoaling.By detailed core examination and microscopic observation of thin sections,it is shown that the lithology of this set of grainstones is dominated by doloarenite(calcarenite)followed by oolitic dolomite(limestone).In addition,it contains three types of sedimentary sequences characterized by upward-coarsening and upward-shallowing as the followings:restricted lagoon to platform interior beach;restricted lagoon to platform interior beach and to platform flat;and tidal flat to peritidal beach.Subsequently,a multicyclic stratigraphic division and correlation revealed that this set of grainstones can be well traced and compared horizontally,and is generally isochronous.In addition,a template for logging facies,established based on core calibrations and logging data,was employed to analyze the 235 wells in the basin.The results demonstrate the shoal grainstones to be 10–40 m thick with a15×104km2continuous distribution area.These findings indicate that the carbonate platform developed mega-shoals within a short period of time.The genesis of such a mega-shoaling was investigated by focusing on various shoaling conditions,such as paleo-tectonics,paleo-geomorphology,paleo-climate,sea-level changes,and palaeo-hydrodynamics.A specific combination of independent geological factors creates beneficial geomorphologic conditions for the mega-shoaling including a quiescent paleo-tectonic environment,relatively flat paleo-geomorphology and evaporites filling up and leveling off.In addition,a stably settling carbonate platform underwent sea-level fluctuations through swift transgressions and protracted regressions,which is not only conducive to continuous,multicyclic and superimposed vertical development of grain beaches but also beneficial for the horizontal migration,coalescence and superimposition of individual grain beaches.As a consequence,large-scale and continuously-distributed grain beach sedimentation emerges and mega-shoals develop.     

湖相碳酸盐岩在建立苏北盆地下第三系层序地层格架中的作用

在建立苏北盆地层序地层格架的同时,研究了碳酸盐岩在其中的作用,提出了碳酸盐岩结核和团块的分布是识别层序地层界面和体系域标志;粒屑碳酸盐岩的沉积迁移也可作为识别不同体系域的重要标志;碳酸盐岩的序列变化是识别准层序,准层序组的标志;稳定分布的暗色细粒碳酸盐岩与泥岩的互层是识别凝缩层和最大湖泛面的标志,认为今后在层序地层分析中应充分发挥湖相碳酸盐岩特有的作用。     

近岸较大区域波浪数值模型的比较

将适用于近岸较大区域波浪传播变形的三种模型,即基于抛物型缓坡方程的不规则波模型、引入浅水波浪谱 TMA 谱的 SWAN(simulating waves nearshore)模型以及采用默认 JONSWAP 谱的 SWAN模型应用于特拉华大学(University of Delaware)圆形浅滩实验进行比较.结果显示,抛物型缓坡方程和SWAN 的模拟结果与实验所测数据符合都比较好; SWAN 在非线性作用较强的浅滩中心及靠后部效果更佳,而抛物型缓坡方程由于没有考虑非线性作用,模拟得到的最大波高较实测值偏高,且波高变化较为剧烈.     

苏北盆地浅钻沉积物磁化率与粒度记录的末次冰消期以来的环境变化

通过对苏北盆地YZ浅钻沉积物磁化率和粒度指标的分析,揭示了区域气候环境的变化过程和特征。研究结果表明,16.7～13.5 cal kaBP气候相对温暖湿润;13.5～11.2 cal kaBP为一个较为显著的冷干期;11.2~1.1 cal kaBP为一整体气候相对稳定期,以温暖湿润为特征;另外,还记录到了多次的气候波动事件,其中较为显著的为YD事件和发生于3.0 cal kaBP的气候事件。研究结果与中国西南贵州董歌洞石笋和格陵兰GRIP冰芯等记录有着较好的对比,但在细节上存在着一定的差异,这反映了研究区的气候环境变化具有自身的区域性特征,同时也反应了与全球气候变化的一致性。