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101.
Determining the age of water and long-term transport timescale of the Chesapeake Bay 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The concept of age of water (AW) is applied to the Chesapeake Bay to investigate the long-term transport properties for dissolved substances. A real-time calibrated hydrodynamic Chesapeake Bay model in 3 Dimensions (CH3D), employing a boundary-fitted curvilinear grid, is used for the study. The long-term transport properties, represented by AW, are investigated under the conditions of low river inflow of 1995 and high river inflow of 1996, as well as for constant mean inflows. The influences of freshwater, density-induced circulation, and wind-induced transport on age distribution have been investigated. Model results show that river inflows, wind stress, and density-induced circulation play important roles in controlling the long-term transport in the Bay. The model results shows that it requires 120–300 days for a marked change in the characteristics of the pollutant source discharged into the Bay from the Susquehanna River to affect significantly the conditions near the mouth under different hydrodynamic conditions. An increase of river discharge results in increases of downstream residual current and gravitational circulation, and thus reduces AW. The density-induced circulation contributes to the transport substantially. The dissolved substances discharged into the Bay are transported out of the Bay more rapidly when the estuary becomes more stratified. Southeasterly and southwesterly winds have strong impacts on the transport compared to the northeasterly and northwesterly winds. The former increases lateral and vertical mixing significantly. Consequently, the gravitational circulation is reduced and the transport time is increased by 50%. The model results provide useful information for understanding the long-term transport processes in the Bay. 相似文献
102.
海南岛博鳌港沉积物的沿岸输送 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
分析了博港沿岸沉积牧粒度参数的沿岸变化,并应用沉积物粒径趋势分析模型(GSTA模型)对沉积物运动趋势进行了分析。GSTA模型结果表明,博鳌港沿岸的泥沙在横向上表现为:万泉河口以北岸段为由海向岸运动,近期处于淤积状态;万泉河口以南岸段即玉带滩大致以NNE走向到NE走向的转折点为界,北部主要是由岸向海运动,是侵蚀岸段,而南部则主要为由海向岸运动,有少量的淤积,博鳌港沿岸泥沙输送在纵向上表现为:万泉河口以北由南向北运动,万泉河口以南,北部是由北向南运动,南部是由南向北运动,其次还运用了经验公式对GSTA结果进行了验证,得到了通过万泉河口南部(玉带滩)3个断面的沿岸漂沙量,其沿岸漂沙方向主要为南北向,以上两种分析方法得出的结果和当地的许多地貌证据基本符合,而GSTA模型在玉带滩北部泥沙纵向输运方向与经验公式计算结果所表现出的一些差异,主要是由于研究时间尺度和所用的资料特征的差异性造成的。 相似文献
103.
The Current System in the Yellow and East China Seas 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18
During the 1990s, our knowledge and understanding of the current system in the Yellow and East China Seas have grown significantly
due primarily to new technologies for measuring surface currents and making high-resolution three-dimensional numerical model
calculations. One of the most important new findings in this decade is direct evidence of the northward current west of Kyushu
provided by satellite-tracked surface drifters. In the East China Sea shelf region, these recent studies indicate that in
winter the Tsushima Warm Current has a single source, the Kuroshio Branch Current in the west of Kyushu, which transports
a mixture of Kuroshio Water and Changjiang River Diluted Water northward. In summer the surface Tsushima Warm Current has
multiple sources, i.e., the Taiwan Warm Current, the Kuroshio Branch Current to the north of Taiwan, and the Kuroshio Branch
Current west of Kyushu. The summer surface circulation pattern in the East China Sea shelf region changes year-to-year corresponding
to interannual variations in Changjiang River discharge. Questions concerning the Yellow Sea Warm Current, the Chinese Coastal
Current in the Yellow Sea, the current field southwest of Kyushu, and the deep circulation in the Okinawa Trough remain to
be addressed in the next decade.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
104.
吕宋海峡输送年际变异数值研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用MITgcm数值模式1980—2001年的常规模拟输出数据,研究了吕宋海峡22年平均的体积、热量和盐量输送随深度的变化,并利用小波变换分别分析了吕宋海峡3个层次(0—145、145—915、915—1 837m)体积和热量输送的年际变化,主要结果如下。(1)在吕宋海峡1 837m层以下,仍有一定数量的西北太平洋海水(体积和盐)西向输送到南海;(2)915—1 615m层的年际体积输送的变化趋势与上两个层次(0—145m、145—915m)类似,但是在某些ENSO时期(如1985、1987、1991—1995年),其年际变化与145—915m层年际变化的位相相反;(3)吕宋海峡年际体积(热量)输送的小波谱图较明显地反映出ENSO现象对吕宋海峡不同层次的输送均产生一定影响。145—915m层次的吕宋海峡年际体积输送与ENSO现象相关性显著。 相似文献
105.
A phase-resolving wave transformation module is combined with an intra-wave sediment transport module to calculate the on-/offshore sediment transport rates. The wave module is based on the Boussinesq equations extended into the surf zone. The vertical variation of the mean undertow and the intra-wave sediment concentrations are calculated. The net sediment transport rates are calculated, and the equation for conservation of sediment is solved to predict the beach profile evolution. The results of the present paper showed that the undertow contribution to the sediment transport rates is not dominating in all parts of the surf zone, even for eroding beaches, suggesting that other contributions should not be neglected. The present model also showed that for the same offshore wave energy the time series of the oscillatory motion is important and that the effect of wave groups cannot be disregarded. 相似文献
106.
病毒是非常微小的简单生物, 不能独立生存, 必须借助宿主细胞完成自身的繁衍。病毒侵染进入细胞后, 通常借助于微管通过黏稠的细胞质运动到特定的复制位点。然而, 有关病毒依赖微管运动行为的精细动态研究还比较少。石斑鱼虹彩病毒(Singapore grouper iridovirus, SGIV)为虹彩病毒科蛙病毒属的一个新种, 是海水养殖鱼类的重要病毒性病原, 对海水养殖业造成重大经济损失。利用单粒子示踪技术实时追踪了SGIV病毒粒子沿微管运动的行为, 观察到SGIV在细胞边缘至微管中心之间的双向运动, 最高瞬时速度约0.2μm·s-1, 均表现为主动运输。病毒粒子运动至微管交叉位置会减速迂回, 而后或受限于此, 平均运动速率约0.008μm·s-1, 或通过交叉处继续快速运动, 最高瞬时速度为0.2μm·s-1。同时, SGIV感染会影响微管的形态结构, 随着SGIV感染, 微管逐渐围绕细胞核和病毒加工厂形成环状结构。研究结果初步揭示了SGIV病毒和细胞微管之间相互作用的复杂过程, 丰富了我们对虹彩病毒胞内生命活动的认识, 有助于深入地理解海水鱼类虹彩病毒感染致病机理。 相似文献
107.
108.
LIANGDong-fang CHENGLiang KervinYEOW 《中国海洋工程》2005,19(2):269-286
A numerical model for the self-burial of a pipeline trench is developed. Morphological evolutions of a pipeline trench under steady-current or oscillatory-flow conditions are simulated with/without a pipeline inside the trench. The oscillatory flow in this study represents the action of waves. The two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged continuity and Navier-Stokes equations with the standard k-e turbulence closure, as well as the sediment transport equations, are solved with the finite difference method in a eurvilirrear coordinate system. Both bed and suspended loads of sediment transport are included in the morphological model. Because of the lack of experimental data on the backfilling of pipeline trenches, the numericalmodel is firstly verified against three closely-relevant experiments available in literature. A detailed measurement of the channel migration phenomenon under steady currents is employed for the assessment of the integral performance of themodel. The two experimental results from U-tube tests are used to validate the model‘s ability in predicting oscillatory flows. Different time-marching schemes are employed for the morphological computation under unidirectional and oscillatory conditions. It is found that vortex motions within the trench play an important role in the trench development. 相似文献
109.
110.
Ryoko Tokeshi Kaoru Ichikawa Satoshi Fujii Kenji Sato Shoichiro Kojima 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(4):711-720
A method to extract geostrophic current in the daily mean HF radar data in the Kuroshio upstream region is established by
comparison with geostrophic velocity determined from the along-track altimetry data. The estimated Ekman current in the HF
velocity is 1.2% (1.5%) and 48° (38°)-clockwise rotated with respect to the daily mean wind in (outside) the Kuroshio. Furthermore,
additional temporal smoothing is found necessary to remove residual ageostrophic currents such as the inertial oscillation.
After removal of the ageostrophic components, the HF geostrophic velocity agrees well with that from the altimetry data with
rms difference 0.14 (0.12) m/s in (outside) the Kuroshio. 相似文献