全文获取类型
收费全文 | 48篇 |
免费 | 8篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 4篇 |
大气科学 | 13篇 |
地球物理 | 11篇 |
地质学 | 15篇 |
海洋学 | 10篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
自然地理 | 10篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 2篇 |
2013年 | 6篇 |
2012年 | 1篇 |
2011年 | 1篇 |
2010年 | 2篇 |
2009年 | 1篇 |
2008年 | 3篇 |
2007年 | 2篇 |
2006年 | 2篇 |
2005年 | 5篇 |
2004年 | 1篇 |
2003年 | 2篇 |
2002年 | 1篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有67条查询结果,搜索用时 437 毫秒
21.
在EBEX-2000实验资料中湍流耗散率、长度尺度和结构参数特征 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用2000年8月在美国加州棉花地两个高度上应用超声三分量仪、快速响应温度和湿度仪进行的EBEX-2000 (International Energy Balance Experiment, 2000, 简称EBEX-2000) 风速三分量、温度和湿度湍流实验观测数据, 计算分析了在不同稳定度下的湍流能量和热量耗散率和湍流结构参数特征.并与Kansas和长白山原始森林湍流实验得到的结果进行了比较, 得到了一些湍流特征量在不同下垫面情况下的一些有意义的特征. 相似文献
22.
塔克拉玛干沙漠近地层湍流热通量计算方法比较研究 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3
利用2007年8月3日至10月31日在塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站取得的大气边界层观测资料,比较了涡动相关法、波文比法和空气动力学法计算得到的湍流热通量,分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地能量平衡各分量的日变化特征。结果表明:波文比法、空气动力学和涡动相关法计算得到的塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地湍流热通量日变化特征是一致的,整个观测期间,空气动力学方法和波文比法计算得出的湍流通量大于涡动相关法。它们的顺序分别为,波文比法计算得出的湍流热通量最大,空气动力学方法次之,涡动相关法最小;塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地能量平衡各分量基本上以12:00时为中心,呈对称分布。净辐射、土壤热通量、感热通量具有非常明显的日变化特征。净辐射日最高值324 W·m-2出现在当地时间11:30,最小值-85 W·m-2出现在当地时间18:30;土壤热通量在12:00左右达到日最高值143 W·m-2,而20:00时出现最小值-69 W·m-2;感热通量在13:30时左右达到最高值178 W·m-2,19:00时左右出现最小值-7 W·m-2;相对于上述3个能量平衡分量,潜热通量的日变化特征不太明显。每日12:30左右出现潜热通量的最大值43 W·m-2,06:00时出现日最低值-1 W·m-2。 相似文献
23.
The paper contributes to a better understanding of the principles and methods of civil engineering, especially those of geotechnics,
and its relation to the environment. It is highlighted that the topic has limitations, which are rooted in the human understanding
of nature. The paper has basically been written for geologists and less for engineers, and deals mainly with the inorganic
environment, the geo- and hydrosphere, we do not deal with the biosphere.
Civil engineering, and geotechnics as a part of it, is often misunderstood in two ways. It is either seen as architectural
construction, or it is considered a nature-destroying activity. It is highlighted in the paper that products of civil engineering
must be in balance with nature. If not, extraordinary expenses are needed for maintenance, or for preserving nature to keep
the project "operation or existense"; otherwise the project will not be longstanding. Reliable products of civil engineering
were, are and will be in good balance with nature; they provide the proper interface between nature and mankind. We place
emphasis on the work of engineers, the environment in which they work, the use and reliability of their ground-testing and
ground characterization methods, the planning and design process, and finally the devices with which projects can be made
to fit nature and meet the goals. As an example, a case-study of controlling an old hazardous waste depository with the DRYDEP
method is presented.
Received: 25 February 1997 · Accepted: 16 December 1997 相似文献
24.
Spatio‐temporal distribution of actual evapotranspiration in the Indus Basin Irrigation System 下载免费PDF全文
Strategic planning of optimal water use requires an accurate assessment of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) to understand the environmental and hydrological processes of the world's largest contiguous irrigation networks, including the Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) in Pakistan. The Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) has been used successfully for accurate estimations of ETa in different river basins throughout the world. In this study, we examined the application of SEBS using publically available remote sensing data to assess spatial variations in water consumption and to map water stress from daily to annual scales in the IBIS. Ground‐based ETa was calculated by the advection‐aridity method, from nine meteorological sites, and used to evaluate the intra‐annual seasonality in the hydrological year 2009–2010. In comparison with the advection‐aridity, SEBS computed daily ETa was slightly underestimated with a bias of ?0.15 mm day?1 during the kharif (wet; April–September) season, and it was overestimated with a bias of 0.23 mm day?1 in the rabi (dry; October–March) season. Monthly values of the ETa estimated by SEBS were significantly (P < 0.05) controlled by mean air temperature and rainfall, among other climatological variables (relative humidity, sunshine hours and wind speed). Because of the seasonal (kharif and rabi) differences in the water and energy budget in the huge canal command areas of the IBIS, ETa and rainfall were positively correlated in the kharif season and were negatively correlated during the rabi season. In addition, analysis of the evaporation process showed that mixed‐cropping and rice–wheat dominated areas had lower and higher water consumption rates, respectively, in comparison with other cropping systems in the basin. Basin areas under water stress were identified by means of spatial variations in the relative evapotranspiration, which had an average value of 0.59 and 0.42 during the kharif and the rabi seasons, respectively. The hydrological parameters used in this study provide useful information for understanding hydrological processes at different spatial and temporal scales. Results of this study further suggest that the SEBS is useful for evaluation of water resources in semi‐arid to arid regions over longer periods, if the data inputs are carefully handled. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
25.
26.
A numerical evaluation of the accuracy of the standard balance equations (BE) and the asymmetric balance equations (AB) in strong vortex applications is presented. Linearized equations for the evolution of disturbances on a symmetric hurricane-like vortex in a shallow-water model are used to compare forecasts using the AB and BE formulations with benchmark primitive equation forecasts. The validity of the BE and AB models is formally determined by the square of the Froude number, F2, and the square of the local Rossby number for disturbances with azimuthal wavenumber n, , respectively. The numerical experiments demonstrate that accurate results can be achieved with BE and AB in situations where F2 and , respectively, are not necessarily small. When the divergence of the asymmetric disturbance is not much smaller than its vorticity, and the azimuthal wavenumber of the disturbance is low, the AB system proves to be a useful alternative to BE. 相似文献
27.
28.
In this paper we examine how exchange flow in Urmia Lake plays a crucial role in dynamics of the lake. Urmia Lake, a very large hyper-saline lake of high ecological significance, is located in northwest of Iran with a 15-km causeway dividing it into north and south lakes. A 1250-m opening in the causeway near the east coast links the two lakes. The differences in mean water levels and densities of the two lakes increase in spring due to large freshwater inflows into the south lake. High evaporation dominates the lake in summer. By incorporating the results of a two-layer hydraulics theory into a mixing model of the lake, we show that the exchange flow through the opening diminishes the water level and salinity differences of the two lakes and hence helps restoration of the pre-construction state of the lake by the end of fall. The model results are confirmed by the field data. The north–south and south–north flows through the opening are equal in most of the year, except in spring when the south–north flow is greater due to the head difference of the two lakes. 相似文献
29.
在EBEX-2000实验资料中湍流谱和局地各向同性特征 总被引:10,自引:4,他引:6
采用2000年8月在美国加州棉花地两个高度上应用超声三分量仪、快速响应050206 温度和湿度仪进行的EBEX-2000 (International Energy Balance Experiment,2000,EBEX-2000)风速三分量、温度和湿度湍流实验观测数据,计算分析了湍流速度、温度和湿度谱在不同稳定度下的特征.对湍流的局地各向同性进行了讨论并与Kansas和长白山原始森林湍流实验得到的结果进行了比较,得到了一些湍流特征量在不同下垫面情况下的一些有意义的特征. 相似文献
30.
在EBEX-2000实验资料中的湍流宏观量特征 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
采用2000年8月在美国加州棉花地两个高度上应用超声三分量仪、快速响应温度和湿度仪进行的EBEX-2000 (International Energy Balance Experiment, 2000) 风速三分量、温度和湿度湍流实验观测数据, 计算分析了湍流宏观量(即 u*, T*, σu/u*, σv/u*, σw/u*和σT/T*等), 湍流动能和感热通量等的特征, 并与其他湍流实验得到的结果进行了比较. 相似文献