软弱夹层微结构研究及其力学意义

对葛洲坝工程大江软弱夹层进行了研究,提出了微弱夹层微结构的一些类型,认为微弱夹层的抗剪强度随着其微结构的不同而变化。     

可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)重组铁蛋白富集Pb2+等重金属特性和功能研究

利用可口革囊星虫重组铁蛋白富集Pb²⁺、Fe³⁺、Cd²⁺、Cr³⁺、Cu²⁺、Mn²⁺、Sn²⁺和Zn²⁺等8 种重金属离子后, 通过透射显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱测定蛋白的超微结构变化和内部基团特性。以 天然的马脾铁蛋白为对照, 观察重组铁蛋白与天然铁蛋白的差别。结果显示, 重组铁蛋白富集Pb²⁺ 和其它7 种重金属离子后蛋白体积大小与重金属离子种类直接相关。重组铁蛋白相对天然铁蛋白来 说在富集不同种类重金属离子后, 除了非特异性酰胺特征峰和蛋白特征峰外, 还出现一些专门富集 某些重金属离子的特异基团, 如:-CH₃、-CH₂-、-CH-、-NH-、-SO₃-、-COOH、-S=S-和-C-S-C 等。 通过细胞实验进一步验证了铁结合蛋白能够通过富集重金属离子Pb²⁺来保护小鼠成骨前体细胞 MRC3T3-E1, 使细胞的死亡率明显降低(P<0.05).     

泥螺肝胰腺细胞的超微结构和功能

利用透射电镜技术研究了泥螺(Bullactaexarata)肝胰腺细胞的超微结构。结果表明,泥螺的肝胰腺主要由4类细胞构成:泡状细胞(B细胞)、吸收细胞(R细胞)、纤维细胞(F细胞)和胚细胞(E细胞)。B细胞大,长柱状,胞质中有许多消化泡;R细胞的脂滴数量多,体积大,具少量的线粒体;F细胞含有极丰富的粗面内质网、线粒体等结构,但脂滴的数量远远少于R细胞。E细胞为多边形,核大而圆,粗面内质网少,线粒体小而狭长。根据这4种细胞的超微结构特点,指出了泥螺肝胰腺的功能,并探讨了肝胰腺细胞的分化序列。     

The effects of enriched CO2 and enhanced UV-B radiation on ultra-structure of Dunaliella salina, singly and in combination

The effects of ambient CO2/ambient UV-B, enriched CO2/ambient UV-B, ambient CO2/enhanced UV-B, and enriched CO2/enhanced UV-B on the ultrastructure of Dunaliella salina were investigated. （1） The ultrastructure of D..salina cell in the control experiment showed that the arrangement of thylakoid lamellae was regular, and there were many large starch grains among the thylakoid lamellae. A prominent well-developed pyrenoid was found in the middle of the chloroplast. Nucleus envelope and nucleolus were clearly observed. The Golgi apparatus accompanied by numerous vesicles with a compact arrangement of cisternae and the peripheral tips of the cisternae were swollen to a size comparable to that of some of the associated vesicles. （2） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in enriched CO2 showed that the arrangement of thylakoid was regular and the lamellae were vivid. Developed pyrenoids were found in the low-CO2-grown cells, but not in the high-CO2-grown cells. The mitochondria cristae were vivid. The arrangement of Golgi apparatus was compact. （3） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in enhanced UV-B showed that the thylakoid was dissolved and the cells had a less developed pyrenoid or no detectable pyrenoid. Part of the nucleus envelope was dissolved. The number ofmitochondria was increased and some mitochondria cristae were disintegrated. The starch grains were broken apart into many small starch grains. The Golgi apparatus with a loose arrangement ofcistemae and the peripheral tips of the Golgi cistemae were not especially swollen, with several large associated vesicles. （4） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in the enriched CO2/enhanced UV-B showed that part of the thylakoid and nucleus envelopes of some cells were dissolved. The pyrenoid was larger than that of the enhanced UV-B. There were many mitochondria between stroma and chloroplast membrane, but mitochondria cristae were partly dissolved. Many small starch grains were accumulated in cells. The starch sheath was broken into several discontinuous starch grains with different sizes. The arrangement of Golgi apparatus was loose. Above all, although the enriched CO2 can alleviate the damage induced by the UV-B radiation, the effects of experimental UV-B radiation were larger than the effects of actual UV-B radiation, the damage induced by the UV-B radiation was so severe, therefore, CO2 enrichment could not restore the ultrastructure to the control level.     

卵形鲳Shen早期卵子发生显微及超微结构的研究

本文研究了卵形鲳Ｓｈｅｎ早期卵子发生的显微与超微结构特点。研究结果表明在１－２龄鱼龄巢中卵原细胞２进入首次成熟分裂前期的结构特点，３－４龄鱼才开始进入小生长期，文中讨论了此鱼性腺成熟的年龄以及如何加速性腺发育，为人工繁殖提供科学依据。     

中国对虾鳃的超微结构研究

本文报道中国对虾Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ鳃的超微结构，结果表明，虾鳃具有三级结构，鳃瓣小叶是鳃的基本呼吸单位，它由鳃膜、呼吸上皮细胞及微血腔组成。文中分别描述了它们的超微结构特征，可供对虾组织细胞病理学诊断作对照参考。     

海水浸泡前后太平洋牡蛎卵子超微结构的比较研究

透射电镜下比较研究了海水浸泡前、后太平洋牡蛎卵子 (Crassostrea,gigas Thunberg)的超微结构。太平洋牡蛎卵子为均黄卵 ,由卵黄膜、质膜、卵质与卵核 4部分组成。卵质内除含有线粒体、内质网、高尔基体等细胞器之外 ,还含有多种来源的卵黄颗粒 ,但缺乏皮层颗粒。海水浸泡前 ,内质网含量少 ,线粒体丰富 ,集中分布在核膜附近 ,卵核 (生发泡 )未破裂 ;海水浸泡后 ,胞质含有十分丰富的粗面内质网 ,线粒体分散分布 ,生发泡破裂 ,卵子处于第一次成熟分裂中期 ,核仁存在 ,核仁组织中心与粗面内质网紧密相连。     

锯缘青蟹X器官神经分泌细胞的细胞学研究

锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)眼柄X器官神经分泌细胞有2种类型,即B、C型;每种类型还可分为4个亚型。各种类型的神经分泌细胞多以集群的方式分布在视神经节终髓基部一定的位置。超微结构的观察进一步表明:2种类型细胞的特征有明显的差别。C型细胞具有十分发达的粗面内质网,内质网聚集成群,使胞质呈斑块状。B型细胞缺乏发达的内质网。B细胞产生小的分泌颗粒,C型细胞可产生大型和中型分泌颗粒。在轴突中,可以观察到5种类型的分泌颗粒。此外,还观察了神经胶质细胞的超微结构,它们的突起中含有大量的清亮小泡和平行的膜状结构。     

缢蛏卵母细胞卵黄发生过程的超微结构研究

于１９８５年９－１０月，从厦门沿海滩涂采回缢蛏雌性亲贝，利用透射电镜观察卵母细胞卵黄发生过程的超微结构变化。结果表明，多数卵黄球首先是通过聚集方式形成的。游离于胞质中的絮状物质和小泡先聚集而成致密无膜的小团，随后逐渐增大，并与不同来源的颗粒或民融，了母形成具膜的、圆形的卵黄球。线粒体，高尔基体、内质网及微蚕噬作用形成的颗粒等均以不同的程度参于卵黄发生。来源于内质网和环孔瓣状体的光面小泡可转化形成脂