北冰洋海冰厚度穿透雷达探测与下表面形态特征分析

通过对北冰洋海冰穿透雷达的探测与分析, 讨论了雷达电磁波探测海冰厚度和海冰下表面形态特征的能力. 结果表明, 雷达波可穿透超过6 m厚度的北极盛夏海冰, 雷达波在海冰内的传播速度是0.142~0.154 m/ns. 雷达图像表现出海冰下表面粗糙起伏的微形态特征, 这种微形态特征与海冰类型关系紧密, 反映出雷达探测有助于识别和划分海冰类型. 基于雷达图像同时显示海冰上、下界线的特点, 统计分析了二者界线实际长度的差异, 提出一个新的长度因子数值概念, 可用于海冰上、下表面面积差异的研究.     

半固定沙丘表面的137Cs沉积特征

利用^137Cs示踪技术对干草原地区半固定沙丘表面的蚀积规律进行了初步研究。通过半固定沙丘表面不同部位^137Cs剖面分布型式及其总量与背景值样点的对比分析，认为半固定沙丘表面存在微弱的风沙活动，其中沙丘中上部表现为风蚀状态，迎风坡脚与风坡脚均为沉积部位。这一尝试性研究为风沙地貌提供了新思路。     

旱地紫色土团聚体特征的指标比较

土壤团聚体是土壤肥力的基础，团聚体结构对土壤肥力有重要的影响。用团聚体几何平均直径(GMD)、平均重量直径(MWD)、粒径分布分形维(D)和表面分形维(P)分别对紫色土团聚体及水稳性团聚体进行分析：几何平均直径(GMD)、平均重量直径(MWD)、粒径分布分形维(D)和表面分形维(P)从不同角度反映紫色土团聚体特征；几何平均直径(GMD)、平均重量直径(MWD)对团聚体和水稳性团聚体分布均能较好地反映；粒径分布分形维(D)和表面分形维(P)能更好地反映团聚体的水稳性和抗蚀性，是描述土壤团聚体水稳性和抗蚀性的新指标和新方法。     

南极无冰区典型沉积环境石英砂表面结构特征及其在沉积环境识别中的应用

本文利用电镜扫描方法 (SEM)对比分析了南极乔治王岛无冰区海滩沉积、冰碛物以及阿德雷岛湖泊沉积等典型沉积环境中的石英砂表面结构特征 ,得出了乔治王岛各典型沉积环境中石英砂表面结构特征的颗粒频率曲线。结果表明 :不同沉积环境下的石英砂颗粒表面结构特征具有相似性 ,这主要和南极地区广泛发育的冰川作用有关 ,同时 ,它们也有各自典型的特征组合 ,这些典型特征组合的不同反映了石英砂后期的搬运历史和沉积环境的差异。本文还依据石英砂表面特征的颗粒出现频率 ,利用聚类分析方法对研究区内三级海岸阶地上的沉积物和一个未知成因的样品进行了沉积环境的判别分析 ,结果证明石英砂微形貌特征可以作为南极地区沉积环境识别的有效手段     

黄土湿陷性的微结构不平衡吸力成因论

分析了黄土粒间吸力的基本特性及其湿陷的微观过程,探讨了黄土在应力状态作用下由于浸水增湿而产生的微结构单元体滑移动力和阻力随饱和度、上覆土压力的变化规律,提出了微结构与广义吸力综合效应的湿陷性控制机理---微结构不平衡吸力成因论及其定量模型,从理论上分析了湿陷性与增湿水量、压力及深度的关系,揭示了土湿陷效应的内在规律。文中认为,湿陷过程就是水的楔入导致小孔隙广义吸力的逐渐丧失和大孔隙湿吸力的逐渐增大引起的微结构重建动力与重建阻力间的动态对抗过程。最后,讨论了湿陷的基本条件及影响因素。     

几种常见矿物的接触角测定及其讨论

为了评价矿物表面与特征液体的界面能量，分别测定了长石、石英、黑云母、方解石、萤石和黄铁矿等7种常见矿物与水、正庚烷和正丁醇的接触角，并计算了相应的表面自由能。结果表明同一矿物不同结晶面(晶面)的接触角有一定的差异，这一差异与矿物结构面上原子种类和相对含量差异有一定的对应关系。     

多孔结构矿物（岩石）及其环境修复材料的实用性

具有多孔结构的矿物(岩石)作为一类特殊的工业原材料，在环境修复领域的应用前景正在成为研究热点。本文从微孔的尺度、结构、形态、成分等表面固体特征出发，概括性地论述了凹凸棒石、海泡石、蒙脱石、沸石、硅藻土等十几种多孔结构矿物(岩石)在环境修复工程中用作过滤材料、吸附剂、离子交换剂和催化剂等材料时的基本特征和使用时应注意的问题。     

Theoretical Study on Stochastic Modeling of Combined Gravity-Magnetic-Electric-Seismic Inversion and Its Application

As gravity field,magnetic field,electric field and seismic wave field are all physical fields,their object function,reverse function and compound function are certainly infinite contiuously differentiable func-tions which can be expanded into Taylor (Fourier) series within domain of definition and be further reduced in-to solving stochastic distribution function of series and statistic inference of optimal approximation,This is the basis of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion built on the basis of separation of field and source gravity-magnetic difference-value(D-value)trend surface,taking distribution-independent fault sys-tem as its unit,depths of seismic and electric interfaces of interests as its corresponding bivariate compound re-verse function of gravity-magnetic anomalies and using high order polynomial(high order trigonometric func-tion)approximating to its series distribution,The difference from current dominant inversion techniques is that,first,it does not respectively create gravity-seismic,magnetic-seismic deterministic inversion model from theoretical model,but combines gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic stochastic inversion model from stochastic model;second,after the concept of equivalent geological body being introduced,using feature of independent variable of gravity-magnetic field functions,taking density and susceptibility related to gravity-magnetic func-tion as default parameters of model,the deterministic model is established owing to better solution to the con-tradictioc of difficulty in identifying strata and less test analytical data for density and susceptibility in newly explored area;third,under assumption of independent parent distribution,a real modeling by strata,the prob-lem of difficult plane closure arising in profile modeling is avoided,This technology has richer and more detailed fault and strata information than sparse pattern seismic data in newly explored area,successfully inverses and plots structural map of Indosinian discontinuty in Hefei basin with combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion,With development of high precision gravity-magnetic and overall geophysical technology,it is certain for introducing new methods of stochastic modeling and computational intelligence and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial path.     

Amplitude—Phase Characteristics of the Annual Cycle of Surface Air Temperature in the Northern Hemisphere

The amplitude-phase characteristics(APC)of surface air temperature(SAT)annual cycle(AC)in the Northern Hemisphere are analyzed.From meteorological observations for the 20th century and meteorological reanalyses for its second half,it is found that over land negative correlation of SAT ACamplitude with annual mean SAT dominates.Nevertheless,some exceptions exist.The positive correlationbetween these two variables is found over the two desert regions:in northern Africa and in Central America.Areas of positive correlations are also found for the northern Pacific and for the tropical Indian and PacificOceans.Southward of the characteristic annual mean snow-ice boundary (SIB) position,the shape ofthe SAT AC becomes more sinusoidal under climate warming.In contrast,northward of it,this shapebecomes less sinusoidal.The latter iS also found for the above-mentioned two desert regions.In theFar East(southward of about 50°N),the SAT AC shifts as a whole:here its spring and autumn phasesoccur earlier if the annual     

荒漠戈壁下垫面表面动量和感热湍流通量参数化研究

用合理筛选以后的野外观测资料，研究了荒漠戈壁地表湍流通量参数化的问题。首先，分析了Monin-obukhov相似函数的特征，并拟台出了其经验公式。结果表明，风速和温度相似性函数随稳定度参数的变化曲线与典型经验曲线差异较小，并且在经验曲线分布范围以内，但中性时的值有所不同。同时，还用该资料给出了动量和标量粗糙度(感热粗糙度)长度的平均值及其标量粗糙度随摩擦速度的变化关系。发现标量粗糙度的平均值大约比动量粗糙度的小一个量级，并且随摩擦速度的增大而减小，但明显比其理论预测值要大。