乌龟外周血细胞的显微结构

报道了乌龟血细胞的显微结构。血涂片经过染色，可鉴定出红细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞、血栓细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜中性粒细胞等７种细胞。红细胞数量多，长椭圆形，具圆核。白细胞数量少，圆形，分为两种：无粒型白细胞和粒型白细胞。无粒型白细胞包括单核细胞和淋巴细胞，无特殊颗粒；粒型白细胞包括嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜中性粒细胞，有特殊颗粒。     

Structure and Classification of Haemocytes in the Bivalve Mollusc Meretrix meretrix

Light and electron microscopic studies were carried out in order to characterize haemocytes in the bivalve mollusc Meretrix meretrix. According to nucleus and cytoplasm characters, four types of haemocytes were recognized： agranular haemocytes, lymphoid haemocyte, large granular and small granular haemocytes. Agranular hamocyte is the main cell type, accounting for 75%. It is agranular with rich organelles in cytoplasm, including mitochondria, golgi body and endoplasmic reticulum. Glycogen deposits were usually found in this cell type. The number of lymphoid haemocyte accounts for 1% - 2%. This cell type is agranular and shows a high ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm. A few organelles were found. High electrondense granules with diameters of 0.2 - 0.5μm and rich organelles were found in small granular haemocyte. The proportion of this cell type is about 15%. Rich granules of high electron-dense with diameters of 0.8- 2.4μm were found in large granular haemocyte. The proportion of this cell type is about 10%, and the quantity of organelles is the least.     

勒氏笛鲷外周血细胞显微结构的观察

报道了勒氏笛鲷外周血细胞的显微结构,血涂片经过Wright染色液染色,可区分出红血细胞、血栓细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞等五种血细胞,没有发现嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞.白血细胞中,血栓细胞体积最小,单核细胞体积最大;血栓细胞数目最多,淋巴细胞和单核细胞数目最少;淋巴细胞有大小两种类型大淋巴细胞和小淋巴细胞.此外,在外周血液中还观察到少量未成熟的红细胞和嗜中性粒细胞,偶而可见正在分裂的红细胞,提示红细胞也可在外周血直接分裂.     

黑鲷外周血细胞的显微和超微结构观察

应用光镜和电镜技术研究了黑鲷Sparus macrocephalus外周血细胞的显微和超微结构.结果表明,血涂片经过染色,可鉴别出红细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性细胞、血栓细胞和浆细胞.电镜下红细胞中可见线粒体和囊泡;淋巴细胞可见特征性的中心体,细胞器较少,未见线粒体;单核细胞胞质中游离核糖体丰富,空泡多见,嗜天青颗粒和线粒体极少见;嗜酸性细胞含有4种类型的颗粒和其他细胞器;血栓细胞形态多样,胞质中富含游离核糖体和空泡,致密颗粒极少,具指状突起或丝状伪足;浆细胞胞质中可见成层的粗面内质网包绕在核周围,游离核糖体丰富,线粒体和空泡少量.此外,黑鲷血液中还观察到嗜酸性细胞吞噬红细胞的过程,以及血栓细胞蚕蚀红细胞和淋巴细胞侵蚀红细胞现象.对白细胞的吞噬性问题和粒细胞的分类问题进行了初步探讨.     

Effects of several immunostimulants on phenoloxidase and hemocytes of the crab Charybdis japonica

To investigate the stimulating effects of immunostimulants on the autogenous immunocompetence of crabs and the possible mechanisms involved, the immunostimulating effects of β-1,3-glucan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inactivated Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio anguillarum on phenoloxidase (PO) and hemocytes of Charybdis japonica were investigated in this study. It was found that the yields and the enzymatic activities of purified PO in C. japonica increased significantly after the crabs were treated with immunostimulants, while the unit enzymatic activities remained almost the same. After treatment with β-1,3-glucan and LPS, the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the number of mitochondria in both semigranular cells and granular cells increased greatly, and the number of cytoplasmic granules decreased but with enlarged volume. However, the corresponding characteristics of hyaline cells remained almost the same. On the other hand, the number of granules in semigranular cells decreased greatly, and the number of mitochondria of hyaline cells increased greatly, after treatment with inactivated vibrios. It may be concluded that the effect of polysaccharide immunostimulants on the innate immune system of C. japonica is different from that of inactivated vibrio immunostimulants. The immunity-enhancing mechanism of polysaccharides in crab autogenous immunocompetence is probably accomplished by the increased yields of PO and total PO activities, while that of inactivated vibrios is probably accomplished by the partially increased yields of PO and total PO activities as well as the significantly improved phagocytotic abilities of semigranular cells and hyaline cells.     

中华乌塘鳢血细胞的研究

本文研究了野生和养殖中华乌塘鳢血细胞的形态特征，测量了除血栓细胞以外的其他各种血细胞的大小，并计数了各种白细胞数量的百分比．结果表明，根据各种细胞不同的形态特征，血液涂片上的血细胞可以区分出红细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞和血栓细胞，其中淋巴细胞包括大淋巴细胞和小淋巴细胞．中华乌塘鳢雌雄同体和雌雄异体鱼红细胞的大小相似，但大淋巴细胞和单核细胞的大小有差异．在各种血细胞中，红细胞的数量最多．在各种白细胞中，中性粒细胞的数量最多，小淋巴细胞的数量次之，大淋巴细胞数量居第3位，单核细胞和血栓细胞数量最少．研究中还发现，中华乌塘鳢的红细胞较其他一些鱼类的小，在雌雄同体个体中出现大淋巴细胞减少的现象．     

Toxicities of p-nitrotoluenes and their effects on blood corpuscles and ovaries in Crusian carps （ Carassius auratus ）

1 Introduction p-nitrotoluene is an important organic intermediate widely used to produce pesticides, foamed plastics, dyestuffs and medicines. It is also a significant N-nutrient source in water (Zhu Jun et al., 2005). One will display such disorders a…     

对虾血细胞中一氧化氮合成酶鉴定与分析方法研究

通过硝基蓝四唑(NBT)还原法和血细胞形态法两种一氧化氮合成酶的鉴定方法，以日本对虾(Penaeus，japonicus)作为研究对象，对日本对虾血细胞中的一氧化氮合成酶进行初步鉴定，并优化硝基蓝四唑(NBT)还原法测定对虾血细胞中一氧化氮合成酶的实验条件。结果显示，当L-精氨酸浓度为2．5mmol／L，脂多糖(LPS)质量浓度为100μg/mL，Ca^2 浓度为2．5mmol／L时，NBT。法测定一氧化氮合成酶活力的结果最佳。同时，还建立了两种针对一氧化氮合成酶活力的分析方法—L-瓜氨酸分析法和亚硝酸盐分析法，并对其测定条件进行了优化。结果表明，对虾血细胞在4℃下与L-精氨酸和LPS孵育8h后测定的结果最为理想。利用这4种方法能够有效地鉴定和分析对虾血细胞中的一氧化氮合成酶，这为深入了解一氧化氮合成酶在对虾先天性免疫中的地位及其在对虾抗病力中的作用提供了理论依据。     

鳗弧菌灭活疫苗对牙鲆外周血细胞吞噬活性的影响

牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)是我国名贵的海产鱼类，也是我国北方沿海地区大规模增养殖的经济鱼种之一。目前随着牙鲆养殖业的蓬勃发展,养殖规模也不断扩大,养殖中各种病害的爆发也相继增多、由此给养殖业户造成了巨大的经济损失。为此科学家们研究出了各种防病、治病方法。其中,通过接种疫苗对鱼类病害进行免疫防治被认为是最重要、有效和绿色环保的方法之一,许多针对鱼类病原的灭活、减毒和基因工程疫苗相继研制成功,这些疫苗的应用在不同程度上都可以提高鱼类的抗病性,减少发病率。作者利用制备鳗弧菌灭活疫苗对牙鲆进行注射免疫的方法,从而观察牙鲆外周血细胞吞噬活性的变化，探讨了鱼类非特异性细胞免疫的保护机制,为今后进一步深入研究提供了可靠依据。     

流式细胞术比较研究4种双壳贝类血细胞的分群

应用流式细胞术对太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)、海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)、虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)和毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)4种双壳贝类的血细胞分类进行了比较。根据其血细胞的前向角散射光(FSC)和侧向角散射光(SSC)特性的不同将血细胞分群,FSC和SSC二维图分析发现太平洋牡蛎、海湾扇贝和虾夷扇贝的血细胞都可分为3个亚群,即透明细胞、小颗粒细胞和大颗粒细胞,而毛蚶的血细胞只可区分为透明细胞和颗粒细胞2个亚群。同时还对这4种双壳贝类各种血细胞所占比例进行了比较研究,发现各亚群细胞所占比例差异很大。