不同脂类营养对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)幼蟹生长、成活、肝胰腺指数和生化成分的影响

采用生长评价、生化分析等方法,比较了饲料中不同脂类营养对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹(2.4g左右)生长、成活和生化成分含量的影响,实验分为A组饲料雌体(AF组)、A组饲料雄体(AM组)、B组饲料雌体(BF组)和B组饲料雄体(BM组).结果表明,饲料中缺乏PL和HUFA对幼蟹60天内的生长和成活并没有显著影响,但是其肝胰腺指数、肝胰腺和肌肉中的总脂及18:2n-6含量呈上升趋势.而其肝胰腺和肌肉的胆固醇、PL和HuFA含量均呈下降趋势(BF和BM组),这可能会进一步影响到幼蟹的内分泌调控和生殖蜕壳.     

重金属离子（Cu^2＋、Pb^2＋、Hg^2＋、Cd^2＋）对日本[虫寻]鳃丝和肝胰脏显微结构的影响

在实验生态条件下研究了重金属离子(Cu2+、Pb2+、Hg2+、Cd2+)对日本虫寻鳃丝和肝胰脏显微结构(15d)的影响.观察结果表明:在2 mg/LCu2+处理组,日本虫寻鳃叶不规则增厚,鳃腔相对扩大,其中血细胞明显增多;上皮层出现破坏:角质膜(CU)呈波状拱起,部分上皮细胞脱离角质膜形成大的空泡(VA);上皮细胞排列不规则,并与数目众多的血细胞充挤于血腔;肝胰脏中构成肝管的细胞发生严重崩解,只残留包被在外周的一层结缔组织的被膜.10mg/LPb2+处理组鳃丝角质膜明显呈波状突起;肝管结构紊乱,开始出现大量空泡(VA).0.1 mg/L Hg2+暴露下,鳃丝上皮层偶有溶解现象;肝胰脏肝细胞空泡化(VA)现象更为严重,细胞间界限不明显,肝细胞溶解,有些细胞核固缩;被膜中的结缔组织充血,出现血细胞浸润现象.1 mg/L Cd2+暴露下,鳃丝上皮层严重解体,只剩一层角质层,鳃腔相对扩大,部分区域有充血现象;肝胰脏出现细胞质溶解,细胞间界限不明显,血细胞浸润等现象.     

基于核磁共振弹性成像技术的肝纤维化分级体模研究

Accurate detection of liver fibrosis stage and fibrosis procession is crucial for assessing prognosis and candidacy for treatment of patients with chronic hepatic disease. A significant need exists for developing a noninvasive technique for quantitative detection of liver fibrosis stage. Magnetic resonance elasto-graphy (MRE) is one of the most repidly advancing technologies for classifying the liver fibrosis. This study establishes a platform for liver fibrosis classification, and discusses some details in developing stimulator and displacement-phase imaging pulse. At last, the preliminary result and analysis of phantom experiment are given, which would form a basis for subsequent research on phantom MRE and its clinic application.     

Effects of tributyltin （TBT） on enzyme activity and oxidative stress in hepatopancreas and hemolymph of small abalone, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta

We investigated the effect of tributyltin (TBT) exposure on the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity levels of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP and AKP) enzymes in the small abalone, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta. We collected samples of the hepatopancreas and hemolymph 2, 6, 24, 48, 96, and 192 h after exposure to 0.35 μg (Sn)/L TBT. In the hepatopancreas, ACP activity was significantly higher in animals exposed to TBT 2, 24, and 96 h post-exposure compared with the control animals. AKP activity was also higher after 2 h, but SOD and CAT activity was unchanged. The concentration of MDA in the hemolymph was significantly higher than the control animals 2 and 6 h post-exposure. In the hemolymph of animals exposed to TBT, ACP activity was significantly lower than in the control animals 192 h post-exposure, whereas AKP activity was significantly lower 2 and 192 h post-exposure. Hemolymph SOD activity and levels of MDA were significantly lower than in the control animals 24 h after exposure but significantly higher after 96 h. Our results demonstrate that exposure to TBT cause rapid changes in ACP and AKP activity as well as altering the concentration of MDA in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph. SOD and CAT do not appear to be involved in the detoxification of TBT in the hepatopancreas of small abalone.     

对虾肝胰腺坏死性细菌的研究进展

坏死性肝胰腺炎(Necrotizing Hepatopancreatitis,NHP)对世界对虾养殖业危害很大.NHP是由1种专性细胞内寄生的革兰氏阴性菌-肝胰腺坏死性细菌(Necrotizing Hepatopancreatitis Bacterium,NHPB)引起的.NHPB则是1种类立克次氏体的α蛋白菌.目前在美洲中部和南部的几个国家蔓延,感染虾塘死亡率可达95%.目前已被国际兽疫局(OIE)列入高危病原列表.本文综述了NHPB研究的进展情况,对NHPB的形态特征、理化特性、引起的症状和病理变化、检测方法和防治等问题进行了介绍.     

南美白对虾消化系统的组织学和组织化学研究

利用光镜对南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)消化系统进行组织学和组织化学研究。结果表明：消化系统由消化道和肝胰腺组成。食道肌层最发达,肌肉中富含蛋白质和脂类;胃内几丁质特化成胃磨和腺滤器;中肠上皮细胞游离面具发达的微绒毛,前、后盲囊上皮细胞有柱状和杯状两种形态;食道和后肠中分布有大量粘液腺。肝胰腺由发达的肝小管组成,肝小管管壁细胞有4种类型,即：R—细胞、B—细胞、F—细胞和E—细胞。还初步探讨了消化系统组织结构与功能的关系。