基于实验观察的知识建构——“洋流”教学设计

洋流的成因和全球洋流的分布规律是历来教学的重点与难点。洋流的成因并非孤立的,而是多种地理要素共同作用的结果：洋流的分布与气压带、风带密切相关,其流向受地转偏向力、海陆分布及季风的影响。本节课的教学目标在于通过课堂教学发展学生的高级地理思维水平,使学生通过主动学习获得知识。     

例谈高中地理教学思路的创新

正在高中地理教学中,我们需要准备很多东西去完成、完善教学,比如说要钻研教材、要阅读教辅资料、要上网查询相关资料、要写教案、要制作课件等等,而这些工作的核心是教学思路,即在准备上某一节课之前,头脑中至少应该有了关于这节课教学的大致思路,当然在你准备这节课的过程中这个思路可能还会不断地得到补充和完善。只有教学思路清晰明了,课才可能有条不紊地进行下去。在新课程背景下,我们不但要有清晰明了的教学思路,更要有创新教学思路的胆量和勇气。     

深海“托儿所”——加州深海发现海洋生物繁衍群

近日《国家地理》杂志报道了一个让人振奋的消息：在美国加利福尼亚州北部海岸1600米深海处，研究人员发现有一处海洋生物繁衍的“海底托儿所”。在该深海海域，各种鱼类与章鱼非常密集于海底山脊，在该漆黑的“海底托儿所”     

Dynamical analysis of mesoscale eddy-induced ocean internal waves using linear theories

This study aims to explore generation mechanisms of the ocean internal wave using the dynamical analysis methods based on linear theories. Historical cruise measurements and recent synthetic aperture radar （SAR） observations of mesoscale eddies with diameter of several tens of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers show that the internal wave packets with wavelength of hundreds of meters to kilometer exist inside the mesoscale eddies. This coexistence phenomenon and inherent links between the two different scale processes are revealed in the solutions of governing equations and boundary conditions for the internal wave disturbance with a horizontally slowly variable amplitude in a cylindrical coordinate system. The theoretical solutions indicate that the instability of eddy current field provides the dynamical mechanism to internal wave generation. The derived dispersion relation indicates that the internal wave propagation is modified by the eddy current field structure. The energy equation of the internal waves clearly shows the internal wave energy increment comes from the eddy. The theoretical models are used to explain the observation of the mesoscale eddy-induced internal waves off the Norwegian coast. The two-dimensional waveform solution of the anticyclonic eddy-induced internal wave packet appears as ring-shaped curves, which contains the typical features of eddy stream lines. The comparison of theoretical solutions to the structure of the internal wave packets on SAR image shows a good agreement on the major features.     

海洋三维流场可视化方法比较分析

海洋流场可视化方法多种多样,为得到较好的表达效果,本文总结归纳出目前几类主要的流场可视化方法——直接法、纹理法、特征法和几何法,分别概括其研究现状与发展方向,详细介绍了其所属典型算法,并按照各方法流场可视化步骤进行实例分析,比较总结了各方法的优势和存在的不足,并以图片及列表的形式分别说明。     

热带太平洋5月份上层洋流的动力统计诊断

利用复EOF分析,将热带太平洋5月份的上层洋流看作一个整体,对其作了动力统计诊断,用以考察热带太平洋5月份上层流场的年际和年代际变化,并揭示其与长江流域梅雨异常的关系.结果表明,热带太平洋5月份上层偏差流的前三模态均为赤道所俘获;其第一、二模态具有明显的年际变化;第一模态与长江流域梅雨异常密切相关;第二模态与ENSO密切相关;第一模态其模的振幅有由小到大的年代际周期变化,且从1994年起模有越变越大的趋势,这表明这段时期长江流域梅雨降水量的异常有所增大.     

地球自转与E1Nino—海气耦合理论

从低纬的海气耦合的浅水模式方程组出发，运用正交模和特殊函数的方法进一步讨论地球自转速率变化对海气耦合系统的影响，研究表明：地球自转速率的变化通过海气耦合一方面使大气和海洋的Kelvin波和Rossby波的移动及稳定性发生变化，另一6方面使纬向风、洋流和海表温度发生变化，特别是在地球自转减慢时，通过海气耦合，出现纬向风和洋流异常和大洋东部海表温度增加，从而导致引起全球气候异常的ElNino现象。     

The Luzon Strait transport variations during 1997~2000

1IntroductionTheSouthChinaSea(SCS)isthelargestmarginalseainSoutheastAsia.TheSCSiscon-nectedtotheopenoceanthroughseveralstraitsbetweenthesurroundinglandmassesandis-lands.TheLuzonStrait(seeFig.1)islocatedinthenortheastoftheSCSbetweenTaiwanIslandandthePhilippineIslands,whichisabout380kmwideanditslargestdepthismorethan2500m.Sincetheotherstraitsareveryshallow,theLuzonStraitistheonlymajorchannelallowingeffectivewaterexchangewiththewesternNorthPacific. Wyrtki(1961)firstlyassocia…     

“世界表层洋流的分布”教学难点突破

由于初中世界区域地理知识学生遗忘较多，所以从历届情况看，高中地理“海水的运动”中洋流分布的知识是很多学生感到难以真正掌握及灵活应用的知识，是教学的难点。多年的教学实践表明：将传统的教学手段与现代教育技术有机整合的“五步教学法”是突破难点的有效方法。     

Ocean Data Assimilation Using Intermittent Analyses and Continuous Model Error Correction

A new data insertion approach is applied to the Derber and Rosati ocean data assimilation(ODA) system,a system that uses a variational scheme to analyze ocean temperature and provide ocean model corrections continuously.Utilizing the same analysis component as the original system,the new approach conducts analyses to derive model corrections intermittently at once-daily intervals.A technique similar to the Incremental Analysis Update(IAU) method of Bloom et al.is applied to incorporate the corrections into the model gradually and continuously.This approach is computationally more economical than the original.A 13-year global ocean analysis from 1986 to 1998 is produced using this new approach and compared with an analysis based on the original one.An examination of both analyses in the tropical Pacific Ocean shows that they have qualitatively similar annual and interannual temperature variability.Howerver,the new approach produces smoother monthly analyses.Moreover,compared to the independent observations from current meters,the new equatorial currents are significantly better than the original analyses,not only in maintaining the mean state but also in capturing the annual and interannual variations.