珠江口浮游幼虫的生态研究

根据2002—2003年珠江口12个航次的调查资料,分析探讨了不同调查时间和区域浮游幼虫的组成类型、丰度变化和环境因子的影响。以表层盐度(S)变化将调查海域划分成三个区域:I区(S<25)、II区(2530)。12个航次的调查结果显示:调查海域共出现浮游幼虫12个类型,隶属5个动物门,II区和III区的类型数一般高于I区,软体动物门和棘皮动物门的幼虫只出现在II区和III区。其中2002年7月(夏季)、2003年1月(冬季)和4月(春季)的3个大航次结果表明珠江口浮游幼虫的平均丰度为61ind/m3,三个区域的平均丰度比较为II区(124ind/m3)>I区(33ind/m3)>III区(27ind/m3),春夏季的丰度高于冬季。另外在I区进行了9个小航次调查的研究表明:I区浮游幼虫平均丰度较高,月份之间的丰度差别明显,不同站位之间也有差别。温度和食料是影响珠江口浮游幼虫丰度变化的主要因素。     

Distribution characteristics of zooplankton biomass in the East China Sea

On the basis of the data of oceanographic survey in the East China Sea in four seasons during 1997-2000 (23°30'~33°00'N, 118°30'-128°E), the variation of total biomass and diet biomass of zooplankton and their spatial-temporal distribution and relationship with the fishing ground of Engraulis japonicus are approached and analyzed. The results show that the average biomass is 65.32 mg/m3 in four seasons, autumn (86.18 mg/m3) being greater than summer (69.18 mg/m3) greater than spring (55.67 mg/m3) greater than winter (50.33 mg/m3). The average value of diet zooplankton biomass is 40.9 mg/m3. The trends of horizontal distribution both in the total biomass and the diet biomass of zooplankton are similar. The high biomass region (250-500 mg/m3) is very limited, only accounting for 1% of the investigation area. Seasonal variation of the biomass is very remarkable in the west and north parts of East China Sea coastal waters ( 29°30'N,125°E). The horizontal distribution of diet zooplankton depends on the     

宁波海岛潮间带生态学研究：Ⅱ.数量组成与分布

本文研究了宁波海岛潮间带的生物数量组成与分布规律。岩礁潮间带平均生物量高于沙质潮间带高于泥沙质潮间带，而密度为岩礁潮间带高于泥沙质潮间带高于沙质潮间带。主要生物类群有甲壳动物，藻类及软体动物。岩礁潮间带生物量从近岸向外海增加。泥沙质潮间带的生物量和密度从北至南增加。     

三沙育苗室海带育苗水系中微生物数量的监控

针对海带夏苗致病与育苗水系中细菌大量繁殖有密切的关系,于1984年在福建三沙海带育苗室同时从微生物、生理生态和培养技术三个方面对水系中微生物进行监控,具体步骤为:1.小心地抽出,古海况及气象条件不佳时,即停止抽水;2.育苗海水要经黑暗沉淀和过滤;3.种海带必须健康清洁,将首批放散的孢子水排掉不用,而以第二批孢子水采苗;4.育苗苗帘须经过严格漂洗和消毒。通过以上措施取得育苗的成功。     

Embryonic and larval development of Babylonia formosae habei(Altena and Gittenberger, 1981)(Gastropoda: Buccinidae) on China''s coast

The development of embryos and larvae of Babyloniaformosae habei living along the southeast coast of China is observed under laboratory conditions. The egg masses are laid by females on hard substrate at night and each capsule contains 100-500 eggs. Each egg is 250-280 mm in diameter. The fast two cleavages of the embryo are meridional and equal, and a polar lobe is produced. Larval kidney, which only consists of a single cell, appears during the gastrula stage on each side of the embryo. The right tentacle develops prior to the left one. At 25-27 ℃, an intracapsulate veliger stage is reached about 4.5 d after deposition. The larvae hatch on the fifth day as swimming veligers with a shell length of 360 -500 mm. The newly hatched larva can ingest suspended algal cells from the water column and remains in the pelagic stage for 8-10 d. The newly settled juveniles are 900-1 200 mm in shell length.     

东海沿岸水域夏季沉积物中甲藻孢囊数量分布初探

对１９９２年７－８月份东海区沿岸水域沉积物中甲藻孢囊数量分布作了较详细的分析和探讨。沉积物中甲藻孢囊数量变化在１．６－４７．１个／ｇ湿重。较高值分布在１８、１９、２０号三个站，即在浙南与闽北沿岸交界水域。文中还探讨了甲藻孢囊分布和环境因子的关系。     

Cr6+对海湾扇贝早期发育的影响

在温度为23℃和盐度为31.6的海水条件下系统地研究了六价铬离子(Cr6+)对海湾扇贝Argopecten irradians胚胎和不同发育阶段的幼虫的影响.海湾扇贝胚胎、早期D形幼虫、壳顶幼虫和眼点幼虫对Cr6+的敏感性各不相同.Cr6+对胚胎孵化的半数影响浓度(48h)EC₅₀为2610μg/dm3;对早期D形幼虫和壳顶幼虫48h的半致死浓度LC₅₀分别为3890和2400μg/dm3.眼点幼虫在变态的过程中对Cr6+尤为敏感:小于200μg/dm3的Cr6+对眼点幼虫的变态有不正常的刺激作用;大于这一浓度的Cr6+对其变态则有抑制作用.因此,其敏感性大小依次为:变态期眼点幼虫>壳顶幼虫>胚胎>D形幼虫.被Cr6+污染的饵料(等鞭金藻Isochrysis galbana)亦可对海湾扇贝幼虫产生毒性影响,说明Cr6+的毒性可通过食物链传递.慢性毒性实验表明:Cr6+对海湾扇贝幼虫的生长发育具有明显的抑制作用,AAS法分析结果显示:Cr6+在D形幼虫体内的累积随着外界Cr6+浓度的升高而增多.根据研究结果提出海湾扇贝人工育苗过程中水质控制Cr6+浓度应低于10μg/dm3.     

海水温度和盐度对泥蚶幼虫和稚贝生长及存活的影响

1996～1997和1999年在浙江省乐清市东发水产育苗场和福建省宁德市四海水产育苗场分别研究了海水温度和盐度对泥蚶浮游幼虫和稚贝生长及存活的影响,结果表明,泥蚶浮游幼虫的适宜温度为25～33℃,最适生长温度为28～30℃.稚贝的适宜温度为15～35℃,最适生长温度为25～30℃.浮游幼虫的适宜盐度为16.54～30.02,最适生长盐度为1654～23.38;稚贝的适宜盐度为10.01～30.02,最适生长盐度为10.01～23.38.泥蚶幼虫和稚贝对高温和低盐海水有较强的适应能力,这与它们夏季的繁殖期和自然分布于内湾河口区是相适应的.     

温度对紫彩血蛤胚胎及幼虫发育的影响

紫彩血蛤广泛分布于我国南北各海区，黄渤海沿岸数量较大“3，生活于潮间带沙滩和泥沙滩中，生长速度快，肥满度高，肉味鲜美。在我们以往的研究中发现，紫彩血蛤对底质有极显著的净化作用。成蛤生活于泥沙下20－30cm处，每一个体可使深度为30cm、直径20cm左右范围内的泥沙保持洁净，在污染严重、底质呈黑色的海区尤为显著。紫彩血蛤是改良底质的最好贝类之一，若能与对虾混养，对改良虾池底质、减少虾病、提高效益将起重要作用。对紫彩血蛤的研究以往多在形态和分类方面。作者已报导了其产卵诱导和胚胎发育、性腺发育和生殖周期［‘、“方…