基于OC-Seislet变换的海洋涌浪噪声衰减方法

在海上地震资料采集过程中,涌浪噪声是一种常见的噪声干扰,这类噪声一般表现为低频、强能量、长周期,使用一般的方法很难在去噪的同时达到信号保真的效果。笔者针对该噪声的特征,选取了基于波动方程炮检距连续(offset continuation,OC)算子的OC-Seislet变换方法进行消噪处理;该方法应用OC算子来表征复杂波场,对含噪声数据进行压缩,在变换域通过软阈值处理实现信噪分离,再将结果反变换到数据域,从而达到去除涌浪噪声的目的。通过对模型数据和实际数据的处理,验证了OC-Seislet变换方法能够在去除原始数据中涌浪噪声的同时,最大程度地保护复杂构造下的地震波信息。     

球内Dirichlet问题解及其应用

本文基于球内调和函数的Ｄｉｒｉｃｈｌｅｔ问题的球谐解式,推导了球内调和空间的Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ积分,将其应用于航空重力测量数据的向下延拓时,积分边界面是空中面,边界值是空中重力异常或纯重力异常,推求地面重力异常可直接积分计算,而勿需像球外Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ积分那样迭代求解积分方程。     

地震波场的共偏移距延拓研究

实现地震波场共偏移距剖面上不同偏移距之间的转换,对于精确的共反射点叠加、速度分析以及研究ＡＶＯ信息等皆具有重要意义。本文从非均匀介质地震记录的微分性质出发,通过对其共反射点变化轨迹的研究,导出基于Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ方程的地震波场共偏移距延拓方程,建立了新的共偏移距延拓算子,通过理论模型的计算验证了此方程的正确性。     

约束等效源稳定向下延拓方法研究

在等效源向下延拓方法的理论基础上,研究提出加入观测平面以下空间实测数据作为约束的等效源约束向下延拓法,用于二维位场数据向下延拓.与传统的向下延拓方法和等效源法延拓相比,等效源约束向下延拓法抗噪声性强,能延拓出由于延拓深度过大而衰减至难以探测的高频信号,使延拓结果更接近真实值.理论重力模型数据的延拓结果显示该方法有效,延...     

低信噪比地震资料FDOC-seislet变换阈值消噪方法研究

地震数据本质上是时变的,不仅有效同相轴表现出确定性信号的时变特征,而且复杂地表和构造条件以及深部探测环境总是引入时变的非平稳随机噪声.标准的频率-空间域预测滤波只适合压制平面波信号假设下的平稳随机噪声,而处理非平稳地震随机噪声时,需要将数据体分割为小窗口进行分析,但效果不够理想,而传统非预测类随机噪声压制方法往往适应性不高,因此开发能够保护地震信号时变特征的随机噪声压制方法具有重要的工业价值.压缩感知是近年出现的一个新的采样理论,通过开发信号的稀疏特性,已经在地震数据处理中的数据插值以及噪声压制中得到了应用.本文系统地分析了压缩感知理论框架下的地震随机噪声压制问题,建立了阈值消噪的数学反演目标函数;针对时变有效信息具有的可压缩性,利用有限差分算法求解炮检距连续方程,构建有限差分炮检距连续预测算子(FDOC),在seislet变换框架下,提出一种新的快速稀疏变换域———FDOC-seislet变换,实现地震数据的高度稀疏表征;结合非平稳随机噪声不可压缩的特征,提出了一种整形迭代消噪方法,该方法是一种广义的迭代收缩阈值(IST)算法,在无法计算稀疏变换伴随算子的条件下,仍然能够对强噪声环境中的时变有效信息进行有效恢复.通过对模型数据和实际数据的处理,验证了FDOC-seislet稀疏变换域随机噪声迭代压制方法能够在保护复杂构造地震波信息的前提下,有效地衰减原始数据中的强振幅随机噪声干扰.     

贺根山镁铁-超镁铁岩与缝合带的关系——来自地球物理的证据

长期以来,对内蒙古贺根山缝合带中的镁铁-超镁铁岩,有着"蛇绿岩"、"岩浆岩"、"幔源熔-流体"等不同认识.近年来在铬铁矿中发现了金刚石等深部地幔矿物,如何认识携带这些物质的幔源熔-流体的上涌?缝合带在镁铁-超镁铁岩的形成过程中起到什么作用?解决问题的关键之一是弄清镁铁-超镁铁岩的深部产状,这需要来自地球物理观测数据的依据.本文基于航磁和重力数据的研究表明,贺根山地区的蛇绿岩块均呈现高磁异常特征,其中贺根山岩块埋深明显大于其他岩块,表现为高磁异常与低重力异常,与地表出露的蛇纹石化的镁铁-超镁铁岩带对应.对航磁化极异常与布格重力异常数据做了向上延拓处理,进行了磁源形态及底界深度的估算,并利用基于相异度算子的边缘增强方法辅助识别断裂.结果表明,贺根山岩块贯穿地壳,且附近存在超壳断裂.地表至中地壳主要由蛇纹石化的镁铁-超镁铁岩组成,下地壳主要为超镁铁质岩组成,它们充填在一组宽约30km的NEE向断裂带中,大地电磁测深剖面揭示的壳-幔电性结构进一步证实控制缝合带的是岩石圈断裂,贺根山缝合带具有明显的根部.由此推测,在地幔底辟上涌的背景下,幔源熔-流体沿着岩石圈断裂持续上升到达浅表,暗示该区板块的拼合可能是通过深部幔源物质的侵入而成的.     

High-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic surveys for mineral exploration targets

Recent advancements in geophysical exploration have been realized through reliably integrating unmanned aerial vehicle platforms with lightweight, high-resolution magnetometer payloads. Unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic surveys can provide a contemporary data product between the two end-members of coverage and resolution attained using manned airborne and terrestrial magnetic surveys. This new data product is achievable because unmanned aerial vehicle platforms can safely traverse with magnetometer payloads at flight elevations closer to ground targets than manned airborne surveys, while also delivering an increased coverage rate compared to walking conventional terrestrial surveys. This is a promising new development for geophysical and mineral exploration applications, especially in variable terrains. A three-dimensional unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic survey was conducted within the Shebandowan Greenstone Belt, northwest of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, in July 2017. A series of two-dimensional grids (∼500 m × 700 m) were flown at approximate elevations of 35, 45 and 70 m above ground level using a Dà-Jiāng Innovations multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (S900) and a GEM Systems, Inc., Potassium Vapour Magnetometer (GSMP-35U). In total, over 48 line-km of unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic data were flown with a line spacing of 25 m. The collected aeromagnetic data were compared to a regional heliborne aeromagnetic survey flown at an elevation of approximately 85 m above the terrain, with a line spacing of 100 m, as well as a follow-up terrestrial magnetic survey. The first vertical derivative of the gathered unmanned aerial vehicle total magnetic field data was calculated both directly between each of the different flight elevations, and indirectly by calculating the values predicted using upward continuation. This case study demonstrates that low flight elevation unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic surveys can reliably collect industry standard total magnetic field measurements at an increased resolution when compared to manned airborne magnetic surveys. The enhanced interpretation potential provided by this approach also aided in delineating structural controls and hydrothermal fluid migration pathways (a pair of adjacent shear zones) related to gold mineralization on site. These structural features were not clearly resolved in the regional manned airborne magnetic data alone, further demonstrating the utility of applying high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic surveys to mineral exploration applications. The conclusions and interpretations drawn from the unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic data, coupled with historical data, were applied to make a new gold mineralization discovery on the site, assayed at 15.7 g/t.     

正则化等效层重力向下延拓方法

近年来,利用时移微重力技术进行储层开发监测受到国内外学者广泛关注.时移微重力观测数据存在信噪比低,信号弱的问题,难以实现储层内物质运移的定量解释.为压制数据噪声,增强有效弱信号,本文研究了利用Tikhonov正则化方法反演等效层（源）,并由等效源实现重力场向下延拓的方法;在此基础上,本文推导了波数域正则化等效源向下延拓算子.针对向下延拓场幅值衰减问题,提出了正则化等效源迭代补偿算法.通过模拟数据实验研究了不同深度正则化等效源滤波算子及向下延拓算子的波数响应;与波数域Tikhonov正则化向下延拓方法相比,正则化等效源向下延拓方法的延拓精度更高、更稳定.最后,将基于迭代补偿的正则化等效源向下延拓技术应用于实测时移微重力数据证实了该方法能够有效增强局部异常,实现时移微重力数据大深度稳定向下延拓.     

大比例尺高精度磁测在卡休他他铁(金、钴)矿生产中的应用

卡休他他铁矿床是20世纪70年代由甘肃省地质六队在内蒙古阿拉善右旗发现的一处中型磁铁矿床,并伴生有钴和金.该矿床由南北2个矿带组成,已由内蒙古庆华集团开采多年.目前正面临资源短缺的局面,为扩大矿山潜在资源,在矿区开展了大比例尺高精度磁测,突出异常细节,可弥补矿床勘探阶段工作比例尺偏小之不足,对提高矿山生产效益,扩大潜在资源量意义重大.文章着重介绍了野外观测技术和室内数据处理方法(磁异常化极、化极向下延拓和交互式二维剖面反演),探讨了地质解释成果在矿山生产中的应用效果.     

Downward continuation of aeromagnetic data to the marine surface

The existing methods of downward continuation of potential field cannot be used to continue the aeromagnetic data to the marine surface because of the limited continuation distance. An iteration method for the downward continuation of potential field with a much larger continuation distance has been developed, which can continue the aeromagnetic data to the marine surface and get the marine - magnetic chart with the same scale as the aeromagnetic data. This downward continuation method will greatly raise the ef- ficiency of marine - magnetic investigation. The principle of the iteration method is presented. The method is demonstrated on synthetic models and real aeromagnetic data. Also, the error brought by continuation is discussed. The efficiency of the iteration method for the downward continuation of potential field is compared with the fast fourier transform （FFT） method, the former is much better than the latter.