Effect of small potassium-rich dykes on regional gamma-spectrometry image of a potassium-poor volcanic complex: A case from the Doupovské hory Volcanic Complex, NW Czech Republic

Basaltic rocks with low K, U and Th contents dominate the entire Volcanic Complex of the Doupovské hory Mts. Significant potassium anomaly exceeding 1.5 atomic wt.% of potassium over an area of 4 × 8 km and 2 atomic wt.% of potassium over an area of 2 × 6 km was defined by airborne gamma-ray spectrometry above the central part of the Doupovské hory Volcanic Complex. The following detailed field study, supported by field and laboratory gamma-spectrometry measurements and geochemical analyses of rock samples, resulted in discovery of a swarm of potassium-rich trachytic dykes. The existence of such highly-differentiated rocks in the volcanic complex was unknown till present. These dykes are commonly less than 1 m wide, but their potassium content varies between 4 and 8 atomic wt.%. Owing to this high-K composition and relative abundance of dykes, the dyke rocks significantly modify the regional pattern of gamma-spectrometry data. The potassium anomaly cannot be explained by the presence of Flurbühl intrusive body dominated by ijolites and essexites, as all these rocks are poor in K, with potassium typically not exceeding 1.5 wt.%. On the other hand, much more extensive intermediate trachybasaltic lavas with K content varying within the range 1.8–3 wt.% cause only minor or undetectable anomalies.     

陕西平利大磨沟锌、萤石矿床地质特征及找矿前景分析

陕西平利大磨沟锌、萤石矿床和区域上已发现的金、铅锌、铌、钽等金属矿产、萤石等非金属矿产与该区域及邻区粗面质岩类关系密切．矿化产于中志留统竹溪群千枚岩与碱性粗面岩断层接触带碱性粗面岩一侧,成矿受断裂构造控制．属岩浆期后热液矿床。区域上平利复背斜的东翼大面积粗面质岩类出露．以其为赋矿岩石的矿种较多,具有较为重要的找矿意义,笔者就其特征及外围找矿前景进行了总结分析。     

南秦岭竹溪县天宝乡粗面岩地球化学特征与铌成矿

南秦岭造山带北大巴山东段大面积出露早志留世粗面岩,夹于早志留世梅子垭组(S_1m)下部层位含炭粉砂质板岩之中,整体呈北西-南东向展布。这套粗面质火山岩与铌矿关系密切。竹溪县天宝铌矿床产出于火山喷发沉积韵律的中下部层位,赋矿岩石以粗面质熔结凝灰岩为主。粗面质熔岩地球化学数据显示其富碱质,稀土元素总量高且轻稀土元素明显富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等富集,Sr、P、Ti等亏损,具有类似于OIB的地球化学性质,来源于幔源玄武质岩浆的演化,是形成于大陆裂谷环境的低压型粗面岩。矿体粗面岩类(熔结凝灰岩)与非矿体粗面岩(粗面质熔岩)相比,具有略低的SiO_2含量,高的Al_2O_3、K_2O、CaO含量,低的P_2O_5含量,更为富集的高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf)和轻稀土元素(La、Ce),更强的负Eu异常、正Ce异常,略强的P、Ti负异常以及更高的挥发分(F、CO_2)含量。天宝铌矿含铌矿物为易解石,产出于早期矿物的边缘、裂隙或晚期细脉中,成矿阶段处于岩浆作用的晚期。铌的富集与挥发分(F、CO_2等)的运移、保存条件密切相关。该铌矿为火山岩型稀有金属矿床,兼具岩浆型和岩浆热液型矿床特征,与庙垭和杀熊洞铌-稀土矿床属同一成矿系列的不同类型矿床。     

GEOCHEMISTRY OF EARLY CRETACEOUS TRACHYTES OF DONGLINGTAI FORMATION FROM THE XISHAN AREA, BEIJING： CONSTRAINTS ON MELTING OF LOWER MAFIC CRUST

Felsic igneous rocks are of widespread magma types in continental orogenic belt, the petrologic genesis of which provides very important indication for understanding crustal evolution and melting geodynamic process within orogenic belt. Because of the differences of meltingdynamic condition, e.g. (1) composition of source rock; (2) physical chemistry conditions such as temperature, pressure etc.; (3) composition of residual phases and so on, felsic igneous rocks exhibit distinctly diverse petro…     

青海沱沱河地区扎拉夏格涌粗面岩锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学特征

对青海沱沱河地区扎拉夏格涌粗面岩进行U--Pb年代学和地球化学特征研究,结果表明:扎拉夏格涌粗面岩锆石U--Pb年龄为32.39~34.06 Ma,加权平均年龄为(33.09±0.26)Ma,形成时代为渐新世;岩石属于高硅高钾准铝质-过铝质钾玄岩系列。稀土元素配分模式图呈右倾型,轻重稀土元素分馏明显[(La/Yb)_N=19.96~34.00,平均值26.99],弱铕正异常(δEu=1.00~1.20,平均值1.08);样品富集大离子亲石元素(LILE:Rb,Ba,K),亏损高场强元素(HFSE:Nb,Ta,P,Ti),高场强元素Zr,Th较富集。岩石具有C型埃达克岩特征,为新生镁铁质下地壳部分熔融产物。通过区域对比和总结前人研究成果,认为扎拉夏格涌粗面岩形成于新生代早期造山加厚之后的伸展阶段。     

Magmatic processes forming replacement textures with fluorite alignments in feldspars in an evolved trachyte from Oki-Dogo Island,Sea of Japan

Internal microtextures of ternary alkali feldspars in sanidine trachyte from Oki-Dogo Island were examined using an electron microprobe analyzer, a scanning electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope and cathodoluminescence instruments, to develop the understanding of volcanic processes of alkaline magmas related to feldspar crystallization. The examined trachyte is an evolved rock of the Oki-Dogo Pliocene trachyte group. Its phenocryst feldspars are commonly associated with lamellar-wavy-domain textures with scales approximately from 100 nm up to several hundreds of μm that show complex and gradual variations in composition: however, anti-rapakivi zoning textures common in other Oki-Dogo alkaline rocks are almost completely absent in the trachyte. These textures are produced by extensive magmatic ion-exchange replacement reactions progressively advanced in the evolved magma. Characteristic braided fluorite alignments are developed consistently with lamellar-wavy-domain textures in phenocryst feldspars, and similar braided alignments are also present in groundmass feldspars with complicated microtextures. Most of fluorite grains are <100 nm in diameter, and the patterns of braided fluorite alignments vary greatly in individual feldspars. The whole occurrence of the feldspar microtextures represents an extreme example of diffusion-controlled replacement reactions, progressively advanced in the dry (relatively anhydrous) trachyte magma. The genetic processes forming fluorite alignments in feldspars are related to magma compositions, especially F and P contents, and the crystallization of F-bearing minerals, especially of fluorapatite.     

赣杭带早白垩世粗面岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其意义

赣杭构造火山岩铀成矿带的石溪盆地,属中国东南大陆中生代火山岩带的一部分,盆地内出现的粗面岩具有橄榄玄粗岩系火山岩的主元素的特征.精确确定该粗面岩的地质年龄,无论对地球动力学研究还是对铀成矿的成因研究都有重要的意义.粗面岩所含锆石具有明显的振荡环带,Th/U比值高,属典型的岩浆成因锆石.锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年结果表明,14个点的年龄变化范围较小,为132～144 Ma,加权平均年龄为（137.00±0.94） Ma,代表了火山岩的成岩年龄.根据国际最新地质年代表,侏罗纪与白垩纪的界限划在（145.5±4.0） Ma.因此,石溪组粗面岩的地质时代属早白垩世.中国东南部大规模中酸性火山活动发生在早白垩世,赣杭构造火山岩铀成矿带与碱交代有关的早期铀矿化也发生在早白垩世（120～130 Ma）.石溪盆地石溪组早白垩粗面岩的厘定,说明中酸性火山活动与幔源岩浆活动有关、早期铀矿化与碱性岩浆活动合拍.     

岩石标准物质的研制

研制了霓霞正长岩，粗面岩，花岗闪长岩，辉长石，流纹岩及白云岩６种不同类型的岩石标准物质，对用Ｘ射线荧光光谱均匀性检验实际取样量进行了探讨，选择分析测试方法时，除采用了标准方法和长期应用的分析方法外，还采用了近年发展起来的新技术新方法，在定值中应用了多参数统计定值模式，给出了６９个元素的标准值和参考值，该批标准物质于１９９１年１月经国家技术监督局审核批准为国家一级标准物质，编号分别为ＧＢＷ０７１０９     

长白山地区火山岩中稀土元素特征及赋存状态初探

长白山地区位于滨太平洋新生代火山区,区内粗面玄武岩广泛分布,面积近20000 km²。该区粗面玄武岩中稀土元素含量很高,如何开采利用不仅取决于其含量,还取决于其赋存状态,但这方面的研究迄今未见报道。本文采用电感耦合等离子体光谱法分析长白山地区火山岩中的主量元素,获得其岩相组成信息,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析稀土元素,由此得到其地球化学特征,并结合分级提取实验,初步探讨长白山火山岩中稀土元素赋存状态。元素分析结果表明,研究区内火山岩的岩性主要以粗面玄武岩和粗面岩为主,稀土元素的总量(∑REEs)为211~893 μg/g,其中以粗面岩显著富集稀土元素;粗面岩的δEu为0.06~0.69,具有强烈的负铕异常特性,轻稀土元素与重稀土元素总量比值(∑LREEs/∑HREEs)为3.80~5.61,反映了该区轻、重稀土元素分馏程度较高,且具有富集轻稀土元素的特性。稀土元素的主要赋存状态为磷酸盐结合态(52.9%~88.5%)、碳酸盐结合态(14.6%~43.8%)、氧化物结合态(6.04%~18.4%),而以硅酸盐结合态和离子吸附态存在的稀土元素所占比例最少。分级提取实验分析结果表明,样品的稀土元素总量提取率为91.1%~108%,表明此分级提取方法适合于火山岩中稀土元素赋存状态的分析,为类似火山岩中稀土元素的赋存状态研究提供一种可行性参考方法。     

Apatite Geochemical and Nd Isotopic Insights into Trachyte Petrogenesis in the Tianchi Volcanic Area of Changbai Mountain, NE China

We report the oxide, element geochemistry and Nd isotopic geochemical data of apatite in the middle Pleistocene medium- and fine-grained trachyte in the Tianchi volcanic area (TVA) of Changbai Mountain, discussing the relationship between apatite and the composition of the whole rock. The purpose is to use the apatite geochemical data to constrain the evolutionary process of trachytic magma and the petrogenesis of trachyte in the cone-forming period of the Tianchi volcano. Apatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH, F, Cl)) is a common accessory mineral that occurs widely in volcanic rocks in the TVA. The apatites in the trachyte are mainly subhedral–anhedral, having the characteristics of magmatic apatite. In terms of oxide and element geochemistry, they have homogeneous Al2O3, SiO2, MgO, P2O5, K2O, CaO and heterogeneous TiO2, with high F content. They are generally enriched in Th, U and LREEs, depleted in Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and HFSEs, showing negative Ba, Sr and Ti anomalies, similar to those of the whole-rock host trachytes. The ratios of high (La/Yb)N, low δEu (Eu/Eu*), Sr/Y value and ΣREE content in apatite, and the F, Sr, Y, Th/U, La/Sm, and Nd/Tb with ΣREE and δEu anomalies showed a linear correlation, all of those indicating that the host magma has the characteristic of high differentiation. The apatite grains generally having 147Sm/144Nd, 143Nd/144Nd ratios and εNd(t) values of 0.1072–0.1195, 0.5123–0.5126 and ?3.49 to ?0.10, respectively, are similiar to those of the host rock. The Nd model ages TDM1 are 949–803 Ma in apatite. Combined with the εNd(t) value of the apatite core (?7.06 to ?3.49), we conclude that the initial magma of the host trachyte was derived from the partial melting of Proterozoic crustal material and there was an assimilation of wall rocks during its evolution.