高温焙烧对石英砂表面的影响

采用电子探针和透射电子显微镜研究了石英砂经900℃高温焙烧前后表面元素和杂质相颗粒簧竺竺。磊果表明：石英砂表面的O／Si比偏离si02的化学比例,高温焙烧后其表面的O／Si比接近为2。石英砂表面存在大量纳米尺寸的杂质相,高温焙烧使杂质相脱落,增大了石英的裸露表面积。     

熔融制样-波长色散和能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪应用于硅酸盐类矿物及疑难样品分析

目前硅酸盐类样品中主量元素一般采用熔融制样X射线荧光光谱法（XRF）测定,不仅单元素测定结果不能超差,而且百分数加和也要满足要求。但对于矿化样品,由于微量元素较高,往往造成不能满足加和质量要求。充分利用波长色散（WD）和能量色散（ED）复合式X射线荧光光谱仪同时波谱、能谱测定的优势,可使分析人员快速掌握样品组成信息,对评估矿化样品数据质量具有重要意义。本文利用波长-能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪,可在测定主量元素的同时加入更多的微量元素进行测定,而分析时间不延长。主量元素采用波长色散定量,次量元素主要采用能量色散测定,在保证主量元素准确度的情况下,合理设置测量条件,延长能谱测量时间,实现在波长色散12min左右测定主量元素的同时,能够提供14个微量元素如Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Ba、Cu、Zn的测定结果和10个线性范围较窄或含量较低元素如Co、Ge、Pr、Ta的参考结果,24个微量元素最大检出限为16.76μg/g。通过准确度考核,主量元素测定结果与认定值基本一致,高含量微量元素测定结果亦满足定量分析要求。该方法可使分析人员快速掌握样品组成信息,为提供更加准确、可靠的数据奠定基础,有效地解决矿化疑难样品主量元素测定问题。     

Petrogenesis and mantle source characteristics of the late Cenozoic Baekdusan (Changbaishan) basalts,North China Craton

Late Cenozoic intraplate basaltic rocks in northeastern China have been interpreted as being derived from a mantle source composed of DMM and EM1 components. To constrain the origin of the enriched mantle component, we have now determined the geochemical compositions of basaltic rocks from the active Baekdusan volcano on the border of China and North Korea. The samples show LREE-enriched patterns, with positive Eu and negative Ce anomalies. On a trace element distribution diagram, they show typical oceanic island basalt (OIB)-like LILE enrichments without significant Nb or Ta depletions. However, compared with OIB, they show enrichments in Ba, Rb, K, Pb, Sr, and P. The Nb/U ratios are generally within the range of OIB, but the Ce/Pb ratios are lower than those of OIB. Olivine phenocrysts are characterized by low Ca and high Ni contents. The radiogenic isotopic characteristics (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.70449 to 0.70554; ε_Nd = −2.0 to +1.8; ε_Hf = −1.7 to +6.1; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 17.26 to 18.12) suggest derivation from an EM1-like source together with an Indian MORB-like depleted mantle. The Mg isotopic compositions (δ²⁶Mg = −0.39 ± 0.17‰) are generally lower than the average upper mantle, indicating carbonates in the source. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios decrease with decreasing δ²⁶Mg values whereas the ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and (Nb/La)_N ratios increase. These observations suggest the mantle source of the Baekdusan basalts contained at least two components that resided in the mantle transition zone (MTZ): (1) recycled subducted ancient (∼2.2–1.6 Ga) terrigenous silicate sediments, possessing EM1-like Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic signatures and relatively high values of δ²⁶Mg; and (2) carbonated eclogites with relatively MORB-like radiogenic isotopic compositions and low values of δ²⁶Mg. These components might have acted as metasomatizing agents in refertilizing the asthenosphere, eventually influencing the composition of the MTZ-derived plume that produced the Baekdusan volcanism.     

Metasomatism-induced wehrlite formation in the upper mantle beneath the Nógrád-G?m?r Volcanic Field(Northern Pannonian Basin):Evidence from xenoliths

Clinopyroxene-enriched upper mantle xenoliths classified as wehrlites are common(～20% of all xenoliths) in the central part of the Nograd-G(o| ")m(o|")r Volcanic Field(NGVF),situated in the northern margin of the Pannonian Basin in northern Hungary and southern Slovakia.In this study,we thoroughly investigated 12 wehrlite xenoliths,two from each wehrlite-bearing occurrence,to determine the conditions of their formation.Specific textural features,including clinopyroxene-rich patches in an olivine-rich lithology,orthopyroxene remnants in the cores of newlyformed clinopyroxenes and vermicular spinel forms all suggest that wehrlites were formed as a result of intensive interaction between a metasomatic agent and the peridotite wall rock.Based on the major and trace element geochemistry of the rock-forming minerals,significant enrichment in basaltic(Fe,Mn,Ti) and high field strength elements(Nb,Ta,Hf,Zr) was observed,compared to compositions of common lherzolite xenoliths.The presence of orthopyroxene remnants and geochemical trends in rock-forming minerals suggest that the metasomatic process ceased before complete wehrlitization was achieved.The composition of the metasomatic agent is interpreted to be a mafic silicate melt,which was further confirmed by numerical modelling of trace elements using the plate model.The model results also show that the melt/rock ratio played a key role in the degree of petrographic and geochemical transformation.The lack of equilibrium and the conclusions drawn by using variable lherzolitic precursors in the model both suggest that wehrlitization was the last event that occurred shortly before xenolith entrainment in the host mafic melt.We suggest that the wehrlitization and the Plio-Pleistocene basaltic volcanism are related to the same magmatic event.     

地球初期壳幔演化的物理过程

原始地幔处于全球性的高温熔融状态,其上层的冷却演化过程可大致分为3个阶段：高熔点矿物结晶沉降阶段、岩浆不混溶阶段和固化成壳阶段。在此过程中,原始地幔逸出挥发性物质,形成了地球的超临界流体圈。通过岩浆不混溶作用所形成的富Si—Al质岩浆最终固化为原始大陆壳。超临界流体圈的分解,分别形成酸性H2O圈和CO2大气圈。     

东海北部营养盐分布的季节变化及成因探讨

基于美国国家海洋大气管理局(NOAA)2007年发布的全球海域营养盐数据库资料和美国国家地球物理数据中心(NGDC)2006年发布的全球地貌数据库资料,在MATLAB计算机平台上,利用研发的数值分析与成图技术,对东海北部海域营养盐分布的季节变化特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)东海北部海域NO3--N、PO43--P分布总特征为由沿岸向离岸递减,由表层向底层递增;西北高,东南低,呈扇形向东南扩展;SiO3--Si有两个浓度高值区,一个为研究区域的西北角,另一个在东北角;(2)在0~50 m的表层营养盐平均浓度均是冬季最高;50~200 m的中层NO3--N、SiO3--Si夏季最高;200 m以下的底层四季变化微弱,其中400~500m层PO43--P、SiO3--Si浓度值秋季最高。NO3--N变异系数表层最大,PO3--P中层最大、SiO3--Si底层最大,其中NO3--N相应各层变异系数大于PO43--P、SiO3--Si;(3)研究区域四季均存在高营养盐水团。高PO43--P、SiO3--Si水团中心分别位于125.5°E、30.5°N和128.5°E、30.5°N;高NO3--N水团中心,随冬-春-夏-秋、从南往东北再向西、最后向东南,在125°~128°E、29°~31°N范围内移动。     

长江口外赤潮多发区近几十年来的古生产力记录及环境意义

选取长江口外赤潮多发区沉积物柱状样,在高分辨率测年基础上,通过有机碳、有机碳同位素(δ13C)、生物硅、绿素等多项指标的分析获得了调查海区古生产力的变化信息。并结合近几十年来营养盐浓度及组成结构的变化探讨了海洋浮游藻类组成结构的变化在海洋古环境中的记录。柱状样年代可追溯到20世纪40年代初。δ13C值在柱中的分布为-26.15×10-3~-19.5×10-3,表明有机碳为陆源与海生的混合。生物标志物在柱状样中的分布可大致分为三个阶段,50年代以前含量均较低;50年代至80年代含量均增加,表明海洋浮游藻类活动强烈且以硅藻为主,与此阶段长江口营养盐浓度迅速增加相对应;80年代以后,生物硅的含量下降至整个柱中最低水平,绿素有所降低,但高于50年代前的水平,而有机碳含量增加,表明在该时段硅藻生物量降低,其他藻类生物量有所增加,这与长江口营养盐氮盐持续增加而硅酸盐逐年降低、氮与磷的含量比值、磷与硅的含量比值迅速增大有关。沉积记录还表明此阶段陆源有机碳的贡献增强。