Sn-Ni化学镀硅酸钙镁矿物晶须的制备与表征

以硅酸钙镁晶须为原料,采用化学镀方法制备一种镀Sn-Ni硅酸钙镁晶须,并用SEM,XRD,EDS和FT-IR对镀Sn-Ni硅酸钙镁晶须进行表征。结果表明:镀Sn-Ni硅酸钙镁晶须是一种针状结构的硅酸盐晶须材料,除有部分聚集增粗外,其形貌几乎没有变化;镀Sn-Ni硅酸钙镁晶须的主要化学组成为:w(O)48.24%,w(Si)10.78%,w(Mg)5.44%,w(Ca)2.26%,w(Sn)22.45%,w(Ni)2.19%,w(Na)4.38%,w(P)2.46%和w(S)1.80%;镀Sn-Ni硅酸钙镁晶须在1100cm-1～850cm-1强吸收区的振动频率的增加值与在750cm-1～600cm-1弱吸收区的振动频率的降低值均为4.98cm-1;镀Sn-Ni硅酸钙镁晶须的主体结构和化学键没有发生根本上改变,Sn-Ni化学镀在本质上是一种物理包覆过程。该研究为提高矿产资源的综合开发和利用水平提供了一种新的思路和方法。     

Determination of Fluorine and Chlorine by Pyrohydrolysis and Ion Chromatography: Comparison with Alkaline Fusion Digestion and Ion Chromatography

A method to determine F and Cl in silicate materials by employing pyrohydrolysis and ion chromatography (IC) is described. Pyrohydrolysis involved mixing a pulverised sample (∼ 40 mg) with V₂O₅ (∼ 160 mg) and heating to 1100 °C under a wet oxygen flow in a quartz tube. Recovery yields of F and Cl were ∼ 97% using a NaF + NaCl standard solution. Detection limits of the pyrohydrolysis-IC method for silicate samples were 0.36 and 0.69 μg g^-1 for F and Cl, respectively. Fluorine and Cl concentrations were determined in the reference materials JB-2, JB-3 and JA-1 from the GSJ; BCR-2, BHVO-1, BHVO-2, AGV-1 and AGV-2 from the USGS; and NIST SRM 610, 612 and 614 glasses. Precisions (RSD) for determinations of F were 1–13% (except NIST SRM 614) and 2–19% for Cl, and were dependent on the concentration and blank correction. Most results obtained in this study were in good agreement with those of previous studies. In comparison, the Na₂CO₃ + ZnO fusion method at 900 °C showed that the yields of F and Cl by alkaline fusion systematically decreased with fusion duration time. The yields were 84% and 83% for JB-3, inferring that F and Cl were lost in this alkaline fusion.     

黄河流域硅酸盐风化的讨论

根据2007年6月和7月采集的黄河干流及部分支流水样和河床砂样品数据,对黄河流域硅酸盐化学风化进行了探讨。在充分评估黄河流域的K+,Na+来源的基础上,确定了硅酸盐风化的K+量,并通过选定的硅酸盐风化(K/Na)比值,得到了硅酸盐风化的Na+量;通过测定流域内不同岩石类型分布的河床砂样品,得到河床砂样品硅酸盐部分(Ca/Na)和(Mg/K)的比值,确定了钙镁硅酸盐风化的Ca2+,Mg2+量;并据此估算了流域硅酸盐化学风化的CO2消耗率。如果选用黄河入海多年径流量58.02×109km3/a进行计算,则得到全流域硅酸盐风化CO2消耗率约为26.22×103mol/km2/a。若选用2007年的平均径流量24.83×109km3/a进行计算,则黄河流域硅酸盐风化引起的CO2消耗率约为11.19×103mol/km2/a。     

Geochemical processes controlling silica concentrations in groundwaters of the Salado River drainage basin, Argentina

Chemical analyses of dissolved silica in the shallow groundwater of the lower part of the Salado River drainage basin indicate that silica values averaged 60 ppm. The groundwaters are oversaturated in relation to quartz, Na-plagioclase, K-feldspar, and the weathering of quartz and aluminosilicates appear to have little control on silica concentrations in solution. Groundwater is undersaturated with respect to amorphous silica present in the loessic sediments, and these sediments are specially important in the control of the groundwater composition. The sources of amorphous silica are volcanic glass shards and biogenic silica derived from plant (silicophytoliths, diatom frustules) or animal remains (sponge spicules) also present in the Pampean loess. Silicophytoliths and diatoms have also been reported in A soil horizon samples. The dissolution of amorphous silica most likely controls the high dissolved silica concentrations in groundwater.     

Processes of silicate karstification associated with pan formation in the Darwin–Koolpinya area of northern Australia

Lyons Lagoon, one of many small pans near Darwin, Northern Australia, occurs in lateritized terrain. Formation by structurally facilitated silicate karsti?cation of the parent Cretaceous sandy sediments was earlier proposed. This paper presents the results of thin section microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray study of pan sediments with a view to assessing the extent to which they re?ect the geomorphological/hydrogeological history. Severe corrosion was found to overprint the impact features of the primary sands, attributed to aggressive leaching and consistent with formation of the depression by karsti?cation when the water table was low. Formation of a smectitic matrix is considered to have followed when the water table was high. Upon subsequent lowering of the water level leaching was resumed, altering smectite to kaolinite and resulting in incongruent dissolution of kaolinite to leave a siliceous residuum. At least two cycles of high followed by low water levels are recognized. Such periodic changes of levels are considered essential to pan formation within freely draining lateritic terrain. The processes of pan formation and alteration of pan sediments (essentially residual deposits) is ongoing, biocorrosion being implicated as an important mechanism. Incongruent kaolinite dissolution, to leave a silica residuum, a hitherto apparently unrecognized process, raises the possibility that silcrete may form as a relative accumulation which is synchronous with lateritic leaching in more elevated topographic positions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Nigerian manganese-rich iron-formations and their host rocks—from sedimentation to metamorphism

This investigation deals with the Nigerian iron-formations and their host rocks and is based on about 560 mineral analyses (electron-microprobe) and 93 whole-rock analyses (64 iron-formations and 29 host rocks). The manganese-rich and Al-bearing iron-formations occurring in various schist belts of the northern and southern part of West-Nigeria consist of the magnetite-free silicate, the magnetite–silicate and the quartz-rich hematite facies.Iron-formations and host rocks originated from submarine-volcanogenic exhalations enriched in Fe, Mn and CO₂ and from Al₂O₃, SiO₂ and alkali (K₂O and Na₂O)-rich continental-derived pelitic to psammitic material. From these sources and their interaction and controlled by the volcanogenic activity, differently composed protoliths were deposited in the marine basin during the Birimian time. Subsequent metamorphism of greenschist to low amphibolite facies conditions during the Eburnian time led to the formation of the metaprotoliths of the magnetite–silicate (consisting of predominantly magnetite and quartz and subordinate of garnet and amphibole), the silicate facies (consisting of garnet, amphibole and rarely Mn-bearing ilmenite and quartz) and the metasediment phyllite. Garnets are predominantly almandine–spessartine solid solutions, whereas amphiboles are Mn and Ca-bearing grunerite–cummingtonite solid solutions. In the course of a second tectono-metamorphic event of Pan-African age, the magnetite–silicate facies iron-formation/phyllite association was transformed into the hematite facies and muscovite/biotite schists, whereas the silicate facies is characterized by extensive silicification features. The hematite facies and the silicified silicate facies are restricted to southern Nigeria where the second and heterogeneous tectono-metamorphic event is more pronounced (amphibolite facies conditions) than in northern Nigeria.The genesis, summarized as the metamorphic model, shows that the carbonate-rich (siderite, rhodochrosite and subordinate magnesite and calcite) protoliths were metamorphically transformed into the silicate and magnetite–silicate facies. The separation of Mn and Fe, leading to manganese-bearing iron-formations and iron-bearing manganese-formations was explained by varying pH-conditions, under which siderite (pH: 6.8–9.4) and rhodochrosite (pH: 9–11) precipitated.Similar to the Gunfit and Biwabik iron-formations of Minnesota, USA, the iron-formation of Bingi (Maru schist belt), now present in the form of the fayalite bearing silicate facies, was overprinted by contact metamorphism caused by a gabbro intrusion.     

硅酸盐体系的化学平衡:(1)物质平衡原理

通过具体应用实例,系统介绍了在硅酸盐体系的化学平衡研究中,依据物质平衡原理,求解“相混合方程”(PME)而进行物相定量分析的“相混合计算”(PMC)方法。应用实例包括矿物原料和结晶岩物相的定量分析,复杂固溶体矿物的端员组分计算,多组分硅酸盐陶瓷的配料比例计算,以及硅酸盐陶瓷制品物相的定量分析。物相定量分析结果是结晶岩和工业岩石原料分类命名的基础,可以为改进矿物原料预处理工艺提供依据,也是研究硅酸盐体系的化学平衡、对材料制备过程进行热力学分析的基础。实际计算中必须合理估计各种分析数据的累积误差。优化计算结果的理论依据主要有矿物晶体化学原理、矿物共生组合规律和次要组分分配的固溶体矿物相优先原则。     

Co-existing fluid and silicate inclusions in mantle diamond

We document the compositions of co-existing silicate macro-inclusions and fluid micro-inclusions in the fibrous coats of eight coated diamonds from the Panda kimberlite (Canada). The mineral inclusions in the diamond coats come from either the peridotite suite (Cr-pyrope, orthopyroxene, olivine and Cr-diopside) or the eclogite suite (omphacite). Therefore, fibrous diamonds grow in the same paragenetic environments as octahedral diamonds. The inclusions document a more fertile source composition (lower Mg# and higher CaO) than for equivalent phases in octahedral diamonds from Panda and worldwide. However, moderate to high Cr₂O₃ contents in garnet and clinopyroxene inclusions suggest that this apparent fertility is due to a secondary process. Geothermometry of the silicate inclusions yields low equilibration temperatures of 930 to 1010 °C. The co-existing fluid micro-inclusions are dominated by H₂O, carbonate and KCl. Fluid inclusions in both the peridotitic and eclogitic samples fall along linear arrays between Fe–Ca–Mg carbonate and KCl. Inclusions in the one eclogitic sample also contain quartz. We suggest that the diamonds have trapped both metasomatised minerals and the metasomatic fluid, and so provide a snap shot of a metasomatic event in the mantle.     

利用天然粉石英制作耐高温硅酸钙保温材料的研究

研究以天然粉石英为硅质原料,普通建筑用石灰为钙质原料生产硬硅钙石型硅酸钙保温材料的基本反应原理、反应过程和可用于工业化生产的工艺技术。用该项新技术所生产的硬硅钙石型硅酸钙保温材料,其性能达到美国和日本同类产品标准。     

GeoPT2. International Proficiency Test for Analytical Geochemistry Laboratories - Report on Round 2

Results from sixty laboratories participating in GeoPT2, the international proficiency testing programme for analytical geochemistry laboratories, are reported. Compared with 71.3% in the last round, 74.6% of the reported data complied with the laboratories' selected fitness for purpose criteria.