Serpentine Jade (Bowenite) in Korea

INTRODUCTIONA new gem- quality serpentine deposit was discovered in1995 in Booyo area,about 2 5 0 km southwest of Seoul,Korea(Fig.1) and is being mined by the Booyo Nokok (meaninggreen jade) Mining Company.After the Booyo material isfashioned into rings,beads,cabochons,pendants and ear-rings,they are traded on the domestic market under the nameof “Booyo precious serpentine”.The green Booyo bowenite(serpentine jade) has gained high reputation in the countryand a much higher value tha…     

烟曲霉对蛇纹石和橄榄石风化作用的试验研究

含镁硅酸盐矿物是重要自然资源,国内外大都采用传统的化学方法进行开发利用,而微生物法释放含镁硅酸盐矿物中镁和硅的研究还未见报道。试验采用摇瓶培养与对照结合的方法研究烟曲霉(Aspergillusfumigatus)对含镁硅酸盐矿物——蛇纹石和橄榄石的风化作用。试验采用ICP-OES测定第5、10、20、30 d培养液滤液中Mg2+和Si的含量,同时对相应试样的pH值和代谢产物进行分析测定,采用SEM和TEM观察作用后的微生物-矿物聚集体。结果表明,烟曲霉作用蛇纹石和橄榄石试样滤液中的Mg2+和Si含量变化不仅与烟曲霉生长状况有关,而且与矿物的晶体结构相关,蛇纹石较橄榄石更易被烟曲霉风化;另外烟曲霉在生长过程中产生的酸性代谢产物有助于对矿物的风化;SEM和TEM观察结果直观地显示出烟曲霉对蛇纹石和橄榄石的风化作用痕迹。综合分析认为,烟曲霉对蛇纹石和橄榄石的风化作用应该是酸溶作用、菌丝对矿物的穿插包裹和菌丝体对养分的吸收等方式协同作用的综合效果。研究结果为探讨真菌与矿物相互作用的过程与机理以及为微生物法开发蛇纹石和橄榄石矿产资源提供了基础资料。     

“泰山玉”的宝石学特征

目前,＂泰山玉＂是玉石市场上出现的一个＂新品种＂。对一批＂泰山玉＂样品进行了常规宝石学测试、偏光显微镜薄片观察、红外光谱等测试与分析。结果表明,大多数＂泰山玉＂样品的主要矿物组成为蛇纹石,依据现行的国家标准,其鉴定名称可命名为＂岫玉＂或＂蛇纹石玉＂。其中,以透闪石为主要矿物组成的＂泰山玉＂还有待进一步确认与研究。＂泰山玉＂中Cr,Fe,Ni的质量分数较高,这是区别辽宁岫玉的重要特征之一。泰山文化与传统玉石文化相结合,是＂泰山玉＂的良好开发方向。     

Petrological and Geochemical Constraints on the Protoliths of Serpentine‐Magnetite Ores in the Zhaoanzhuang Iron Deposit,Southern North China Craton

The uncommon Mg-rich and Ti-poor Zhaoanzhuang serpentine-magnetite ores within Taihua Group of the North China Craton(NCC) remain unclear whether the protolith was sourced from ultramafic rocks or chemical sedimentary sequences. Here we present integrated petrographic and geochemical studies to characterize the protoliths and to gain insights on the ore-forming processes. Iron ores mainly contain low-Ti magnetite(TiO_2 ~0.1 wt%) and serpentine(Mg#=92.42–96.55), as well as residual olivine(Fo=89–90), orthopyroxene(En=89–90) and hornblende. Magnetite in the iron ores shows lower Al, Sc, Ti, Cr, Zn relative to that from ultramafic Fe-Ti-V iron ores, but similar to that from metamorphic chemical sedimentary iron deposit. In addition, interstitial minerals of dolomite, calcite, apatite and anhydrite are intergrown with magnetite and serpentine, revealing they were metamorphic, but not magmatic or late hydrothermal minerals. Wall rocks principally contain magnesian silicates of olivine(Fo=83–87), orthopyroxene(En=82–86), humite(Mg#=82–84) and hornblende [XMg=0.87–0.96]. Dolomite, apatite and anhydrite together with minor magnetite, thorianite(Th-rich oxide) and monazite(LREE-rich phosphate) are often seen as relicts or inclusions within magnesian silicates in the wall rocks, revealing that they were primary or earlier metamorphic minerals than magnesian silicates. And olivine exists as subhedral interstitial texture between hornblende, which shows later formation of olivine than hornblende and does not conform with sequence of magmatic crystallization. All these mineralogical features thus bias towards their metamorphic, rather than magmatic origin. The dominant chemical components of the iron ores are SiO_2(4.77–25.23 wt%), Fe_2O_3 T(32.9–80.39 wt%) and MgO(5.72–27.17 wt%) and uniformly, those of the wall rocks are also SiO_2(16.34–48.72 wt%), Mg O(16.71–33.97 wt%) and Fe_2O_3 T(6.98–30.92 wt%). The striking high Fe-Mg-Si contents reveal that protolith of the Zhaoanzhuang iron deposit was more likely to be chemical sedimentary rocks. The distinct high-Mg feature and presence of abundant anhydrite possibly indicate it primarily precipitated in a confined seawater basin under an evaporitic environment. Besides, higher contents of Al, Ti, P, Th, U, Pb, REE relative to other Precambrian iron-rich chemical precipitates(BIF) suggest some clastic terrestrial materials were probably input. As a result, we think the Zhaoanzhuang iron deposit had experienced the initial Fe-Mg-Si marine precipitation, followed by further Mg enrichment through marine evaporated process, subsequent high-grade metamorphism and late-stage hydrothermal fluid modification.     

广西陆川蛇纹石玉的岩相结构及成矿机理

应用外束质子激发X射线荧光光谱法、X射线衍射、激光拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜等无损分析技术,对广西陆川蛇纹石玉的成分、物相和结构进行分析。X射线衍射结果显示样品的衍射峰主要位于0.724、0.456、0.362、0.248、0.153和0.150 nm处,表明陆川蛇纹石玉主要矿物成分是蛇纹石,同时伴生方解石矿物与蛇纹石形成穿插交织结构。成矿机理分析表明,陆川蛇纹石玉是由白云质大理岩热液交代作用形成的,和广东的信宜玉均属于富镁碳酸盐型蛇纹石。拉曼光谱显示叶蛇纹石的特征峰位于229、376、457、686和1046 cm-1处,纤蛇纹石的特征峰位于228、345、386、624、690和1102 cm-1处,通过激光拉曼光谱可以快速区分陆川蛇纹石玉中纤蛇纹石和叶蛇纹石两种不同结构的蛇纹石亚种。     

泰山玉的基本特征及分类研究

泰山玉是蛇纹石质玉的一个新发现,该文主要阐述了泰山玉的成因及产出特征,根据分析测试结果,对泰山玉的矿物成分、化学成分、结构构造等基本特性进行了总结与归纳,并据此对泰山玉进行了初步分类。泰山玉可分为泰山碧玉、泰山墨玉、泰山翠斑玉、泰山紫金玉。     

The stoichiometric effects of ferric iron substitutions in serpentine from microprobe data

ABSTRACT

Given that secondary magnetite is common in serpentinites, it is clear that serpentinites are oxidized rocks. Questions remain, however, concerning the distribution of ferric iron among magnetite and serpentine minerals and the role of ferric iron-rich serpentine in the formation of secondary magnetite. Direct determination of ferric iron in serpentine is not possible using an electron microprobe. We show, however, that the stoichiometic effects of ferric iron substitutions are detectable, although not quantifiable, by microprobe. First, we demonstrate that for studies that provide both microprobe analyses of major elements of serpentine and Mössbauer analysis of ferric iron, substitution effects are obvious. Next, it is equally clear that the early veins forming at the onset of olivine hydration (type 1 veins) show no indication of the presence of ferric serpentine, although a small amount of ferric ‘brucite’ may occur. Finally, we show that secondary (type 2) veins, which form as the system becomes open to fluids in equilibrium with plagioclase or pyroxene, contain, in addition to significant alumina, stoichiometric indications of ferric iron substitution. The serpentine in these veins is magnesian, usually with Mg#s around 96–98. Thus, even if a significant proportion of this iron is ferric, it comprises only a small fraction of the total ferric iron budget of the rock. Given that reduced iron is known to be abundant in early-formed brucite and early-formed serpentine and given that brucite, in particular, is absent from evolved serpentine veins, we propose that most magnetite in serpentinites forms as a tertiary product via oxidation of brucite.     

台湾利吉蛇纹岩角砾碎屑岩地球化学特征及其指示意义

马里亚纳海沟弧前广泛发育来源于深部地幔楔、由泥火山作用形成的碎屑蛇纹岩,并且在泥火山顶部海底有非生物成因甲烷渗漏和无光合作用的自养生物群,是地球科学界的研究热点。在弧陆碰撞形成的台湾利吉混杂岩带发育有蛇纹岩角砾碎屑岩,一直有构造成因、沉积成因与构造沉积复合成因的争议。本次研究对台湾利吉蛇纹岩角砾碎屑岩的岩石学和地球化学进行了研究,蛇纹岩角砾碎屑岩呈层状或巨砾发育于台东利吉村附近的混杂岩泥质基质中,蛇纹岩角砾碎屑岩的角砾和粉砂质-泥质基质均由蛇纹岩组成,角砾呈次棱角状至次圆状,显示沉积成因特征。蛇纹岩角砾碎屑岩的Al2O3-MgO-CaO位于与蛇绿岩套有关的变质橄榄岩范围内,且偏低的Al2O3和CaO含量表明,其来源于活动大陆边缘俯冲带上盘的弧前环境。此外,蛇纹岩角砾富集As、Sb和Pb元素,暗示具有俯冲带上驮板块地幔楔蛇纹岩的特征,并富集来自俯冲板片的中低温流体。因此,利吉蛇纹岩角砾碎屑岩很可能来自俯冲带上盘地幔楔,由北吕宋火山岛弧弧前基底形成的蛇纹岩通过泥火山作用喷出海底,最后经弧陆碰撞进入台湾利吉混杂岩带。     

营口蛇纹石玉负离子释放功能及机理探讨

营口玉是传统岫岩玉中的特别类型,它的物理化学特征及成矿类型均与传统岫岩玉不同。采用ETS-2能量测试系统、偏光显微镜、电感耦合等离子质谱仪等现代测试技术手段对营口蛇纹石玉负离子释放量及机理进行了研究。结果表明:营口蛇纹石玉具有很好的负离子释放功能(840～933个/cm³),接近都市公园水平(1 000～2 000个/cm³),甚至高于环境矿物材料电气石。营口玉释放负离子的根本原因是玉石内部放射性微量元素导致空气分子及水分子电离而产生负离子。具有生物和化学活性的蛇纹石与玉石内具有放射性的微量元素共同作用使营口玉具有较好的负离子释放功能。     

岫岩玉的种类、矿床地质特征及成因

岫岩玉是我国四大名玉之一,开发历史悠久,在中华玉文化发展史上占有十分重要的地位,著名的兴隆洼文化、红山文化、龙山文化和河北满城的金缕玉衣皆为岫岩玉所制.在多年野外实地考察和室内测试研究的基础上,对岫岩玉的种类和宝玉石学特征进行了系统总结,对岫岩玉的矿床地质特征进行了全面阐述,最后从多方面论述了岫岩玉的成因,建立了岫岩玉的成矿模式.