张家口崇礼小西湾侵入岩成矿条件及矿化机制研究

张家口市崇礼区北部完成了1∶5万地球化学测量,小西湾侵入岩位置恰与化探工作圈定的AS33,即小西湾综合异常高度套合。利用区域资料及异常查证所获得的大比例尺地质、物化探数据,对该区成矿条件进行了综合分析,并推测了矿化蚀变的形成机制及其矿化蚀变体主要赋存位置。通过推断该区矿化机制并建立模型,认为该区具有寻找中高温热液型多金属矿床的潜力,并对下一步的勘查方向提出了建议。     

Metallogenic Mechanism and Tectonic Setting of Tungsten Mineralization in the Yangbishan Deposit in Northeastern China

The Yangbishan iron–tungsten deposit in the Shuangyashan area of Heilongjiang Province is located in the center of the Jiamusi Massif in northeastern China. The rare earth element and trace element compositions of the scheelite show that it formed in a reducing environment and inherited the rare earth element features of the ore-forming fluid. The geochemical characteristics of the gneissic granite associated with the tungsten mineralization show that the magma formed in this reducing environment and originated from the partial melting of metamorphosed shale that contained organic carbon and was enriched with tungsten. In addition, in situ Hf isotopic analysis of zircons from the gneissic granite indicates that they probably originated from the partial melting of a predominantly Paleo–Mesoproterozoic crustal source. According to LA-ICP-MS zircon dating, the Yangbishan orerelated gneissic granite has an Early Paleozoic crystallization age of 520.6 ± 2.8 Ma. This study, together with previous data, indicates that the massifs of northeastern China, including Erguna, Xing'an, Songliao, Jiamusi, and Khanka massifs, belonged to an orogenic belt that existed along the southern margin of the Siberian Craton during the late Pan-African period. The significant continental movements of this orogeny resulted in widespread magmatic activity in northeastern China from 530 Ma to 470 Ma under a tectonic setting that transitioned from compressional syn-collision to extensional postcollision.     

Late Cenozoic Sedimentary Evolution of Pagri‐Duoqing Co graben,Southern End of Yadong‐Gulu Rift,Southern Tibet

The north trending rifts in southern Tibet represent the E–W extension of the plateau and confirming the initial rifting age is key to the study of mechanics of these rifts. Pagri–Duoqing Co graben is located at southern end of Yadong–Gulu rift, where the late Cenozoic sediments is predominately composed of fluvio-lacustrine and moraine. Based on the sedimentary composition and structures, the fluvio-lacustrine could be divided into three facies, namely, lacustrine, lacustrine fan delta and alluvial fan. The presence of paleo-currents and conglomerate components and the provenance of the strata around the graben indicate that it was Tethys Himalaya and High Himalaya. Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating and paleo-magnetic dating suggest that the age of the strata ranges from ca. 1.2 Ma to ca. 8 Ma. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating showed that moraine in the graben mainly developed from around 181–109 ka (late Middle Pleistocene). Combining previous data about the Late Cenozoic strata in other basins, it is suggested that 8–15 Ma may be the initial rifting time. Together with sediment distribution and drainage system, the sedimentary evolution of Pagri could be divided into four stages. The graben rifted at around 15–8 Ma due to the eastern graben-boundary fault resulting in the appearance of a paleolake. Following by a geologically quiet period about 8–2.5 Ma, the paleolake expanded from east to west at around 8–6 Ma reaching its maximum at ca. 6 Ma. Then, the graben was broken at about 2.5 Ma. At last, the development of the glacier separated the graben into two parts that were Pagri and Duoqing Co since the later stages of the Middle Pleistocene. The evolution process suggested that the former three stages were related to the tectonic movement, which determined the basement of the graben, while the last stage may have been influenced by glacial activity caused by climate change.     

Metallogeny of the Baiyangping Lead‐Zinc Polymetallic Ore Concentration Area,Northern Lanping Basin of Yunnan Province,China

The Lanping Basin in the Nujiang‐Lancangjiang‐Jinshajiang (the Sanjiang) area of northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is an important part of eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain. This basin hosts a number of large unique sediment‐hosted Pb‐Zn polymetallic deposits or ore districts, such as the Baiyangping ore concentration area which is one of the representative ore district. The Baiyangping ore concentration area can be divided into the east and west ore belts, which were formed in a folded tectogene of the India‐Asia continental collisional setting and was controlled by a large reverse fault. Field observations reveal that the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary strata were outcropped in the mining area, and that the orebodies are obviously controlled by faults and hosted in sandstone and carbonate rocks. However, the ore‐forming elements in the east ore belt are mainly Pb‐Zn‐Sr‐Ag, while Pb‐Zn‐Ag‐Cu‐Co elements are dominant in the west ore belt. Comparative analysis of the C‐O‐Sr‐S‐Pb isotopic compositions suggest that both ore belts had a homogeneous carbon source, and the carbon in hydrothermal calcite is derived from the dissolution of carbonate rock strata; the ore‐forming fluids were originated from formation water and precipitate water, which belonged to basin brine fluid system; sulfur was from organic thermal chemical sulfate reduction and biological sulfate reduction; the metal mineralization material was from sedimentary strata and basement, but the difference of the material source of the basement and the strata and the superimposed mineralization of the west ore belt resulted in the difference of metallogenic elements between the eastern and western metallogenic belts. The Pb‐Zn mineralization age of both ore belts was contemporary and formed in the same metallogenetic event. Both thrust formed at the same time and occurred at the Early Oligocene, which is consistent with the age constrained by field geological relationship.     

Ore-forming Fluid and Mineral Source of the Hongshi Copper Deposit in the Kalatage Area, East Tianshan, Xinjiang, NW China

The Hongshi copper deposit is located in the middle of the Kalatage ore district in the northern segment of the Dananhu-Tousuquan island-arc belt in East Tianshan, Xinjiang, NW China. This study analyses the fluid inclusions and H, O, and S stable isotopic compositions of the deposit. The fluid-inclusion data indicate that aqueous fluid inclusions were trapped in chalcopyrite-bearing quartz veins in the gangue minerals. The homogenization temperatures range from 108°C to 299°C, and the salinities range from 0.5% to 11.8%, indicating medium to low temperatures and salinities. The trapping pressures range from 34.5 MPa to 56.8 MPa. The δ18OH2O values and δD values of the fluid range from ?6.94‰ to ?5.33‰ and from ?95.31‰ to ?48.20‰, respectively. The H and O isotopic data indicate that the ore-forming fluid derived from a mix of magmatic water and meteoric water and that meteoric water played a significant role. The S isotopic composition of pyrite ranges from 1.9‰ to 5.2‰, with an average value of 3.1‰, and the S isotopic composition of chalcopyrite ranges from ?0.9‰ to 4‰, with an average value of 1.36‰, implying that the S in the ore-forming materials was derived from the mantle. The introduction of meteoric water decreased the temperature, volatile content, and pressure, resulting in immiscibility. These factors may have been the major causes of the mineralization of the Hongshi copper deposit. Based on all the geologic and fluid characteristics, we conclude that the Hongshi copper deposit is an epithermal deposit.     

南海北部潮汕坳陷侏罗系沉积特征及对储层的控制作用研究

南海北部潮汕坳陷侏罗系具有很大的油气勘探潜力,沉积特征对其储层的发育具有明显的控制作用。通过对研究区最新地震资料精细解释,可以划分出4个典型地震反射界面和3个地震反射层,根据层序界面圈出侏罗系分布特征和残留厚度;通过地震相-沉积相转换对比分析研究,识别出侏罗纪地层不同时期的沉积相类型及其分布特征,重塑了潮汕坳陷侏罗系沉积演化史。该区主要发育5类沉积相、8种沉积亚相,其中滨岸三角洲前缘亚相和深水扇中亚相分别控制了碎屑流砂岩优质储层的发育;此外,浊流砂岩储层主要受控于物源供给的影响,距离三角洲砂体朵叶越近,滑塌浊积体数量越多,面积也越大。总体上,滨岸三角洲前缘亚相、深水扇中亚相和滑塌浊积体是研究区良好的储集相带,该类储集体由于埋藏较深加之被泥岩覆盖,对油气聚集较为有利。     

论羌塘盆地沉积演化

羌塘盆地位于可可西里—金沙江缝合带与班公湖—怒江缝合带之间,其沉积演化对于正确认识古、中特提斯洋盆构造演化具有重要意义。本文通过沉积序列、岩相古地理、沉积盆地分析,结合年代地层学等最新研究成果,建立了羌塘中生代盆地(T3—K1)的沉积演化模式,讨论了羌塘盆地演化与古特提斯洋盆关闭、中特提斯洋盆形成的关系。羌塘中生代盆地(T3—K1)是由冲洪积相沉积超覆开始的,总体上为一个向上变深的海侵序列,表现为冲洪积相、河湖相逐渐演化为滨海相及浅海相,可划分出3种典型的沉积超覆类型及5个主要阶段的沉积演化序列。羌塘中生代盆地整体上为一个由前陆盆地演化为裂谷盆地、被动大陆边缘盆地、最终转化为活动大陆边缘盆地并萎缩消亡的叠合盆地。羌塘早—中三叠世前陆盆地的关闭,与古特提斯洋盆的关闭有关,羌塘中生代盆地(T3—K1)的演化受中特提斯洋的快速开启及关闭的制约。     

内蒙古新地沟金矿床黄铁矿热电性特征及深部找矿意义

内蒙古新地沟金矿是中型绿岩型金矿床,但已属于严重资源危机的矿山,急待寻找接替资源,因此对新地沟金矿床进行深部远景预测具有十分重要的意义。本文根据找矿矿物学和成因矿物学理论,利用显微镜、电子探针及热电仪系统分析新地沟金矿床不同标高和矿段中黄铁矿的热电型标型特征,研究结果表明:新地沟金矿床中黄铁矿的晶型以立方体、五角十二面体及聚形为主;热电系数变化主要集中在-331.10~340.20μV·°C~(-1)范围内,导电型多以N型为主,约占总含量的80%;成矿温度主要集中于250~340℃,属于中温矿床。黄铁矿热电性参数XNP变化范围较大,估算矿体剥蚀率为67.96%~74.31%。通过对黄铁矿导型的空间分布规律和矿体剥蚀分析表明:油篓沟矿段位于矿体中底部,向深部可能有小规模延伸,小西沟矿段钻孔ZK106在深部有较大规模的延伸,其矿化前景最好;小西沟矿段钻孔ZK102深部矿化前景次之;大汗青矿段钻孔ZK_2802其深部矿化前景较差。综合分析认为,该矿床深部具有较好的找矿潜力。     

陆相红层型铜铅锌矿床与红层盆地热卤水成矿作用

新疆乌恰县乌拉根超大型铅锌矿是中国发现的首个产于陆相红层盆地中的红层型铅锌矿床,对其成矿作用及成因有多种不同认识,但都将其归入现有的一些矿床类型,如喷流沉积型、砂岩型等,却均不能反映其独特的成矿环境与成矿作用。为此,在广泛收集和研究全国陆相红层盆地及其矿产的地质资料基础上,通过区域地质构造背景、含矿建造、矿床特征、控矿因素、成矿物质来源、成矿流体等方面对比分析,认为乌拉根铅锌矿与中国大量产于陆相盆地内红色建造中的红层铜矿,在矿床特征、控矿条件、矿床成因等方面具有高度的一致性,均为陆相红层盆地热卤水作用的结果,是同一类型的矿床。红层型矿床是地洼区的特有矿产,是地球地质演化到地洼阶段才出现的新的矿床类型,陆相红层盆地热卤水作用是一个完全独立的成矿系统,因此将其作为一个单独的矿床类型——红层型矿床是合理的,既具有重要理论意义,也具有重要的实践意义,为铅锌矿找矿开辟了新的方向和领域。