从高铝粉煤灰中提取非晶态SiO2的实验研究

为了有效提高高铝粉煤灰的Al/Si比,为提取氧化铝奠定基础,研究了用NaOH从高铝粉煤灰中提取非晶态SiO2的最佳工艺条件,并对提硅反应的机理进行了探讨。首先根据高铝粉煤灰的化学与物相组成特点,确立了利用NaOH提取非晶态SiO2的基本技术路线;然后用正交实验法确定了提硅的最佳条件:NaOH的浓度25%,灰碱质量比1∶0.5,反应温度95℃,反应时间4 h。经最佳条件反应之后,SiO2的提取率达到了41.8%,灰中Al2O3的含量由48.5%增加到了57.38%,Al2O3/SiO2质量比由1.29提高到了2.39。     

含粉煤灰与伊利石的高吸水复合材料性能测试

粉煤灰具有一定的吸水能力,且含多种营养元素,对土壤有很好的改良效果;伊利石也具有吸水性,且含钾量高。采用溶液聚合法首次合成的粉煤灰-伊利石/丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水复合材料,其吸蒸馏水、自来水、生理盐水倍率分别为1 782,450,117,而国家“863计划”关于高吸水材料的技术指标分别为300,150,50;同时对复合材料的保水性、热稳定性、耐寒性及其二次吸液性能进行测试,结果表明:复合材料具有优越的保水性,25℃条件下干燥8 d,吸水凝胶还可以保持50%的吸水量;在0～120℃范围性能稳定;具有较高的二次吸液能力,可以多次使用。     

Na2O对高铝粉煤灰合成莫来石的影响

本文研究了Na2O添加量和烧结温度对粉煤灰合成莫来石材料性能、晶体结构和显微形貌的影响。结果表明,Na2O可较大辐度降低粉煤灰合成莫来石的温度。在1300℃,Na2O添加至2%时,生成的莫来石细小,含量较高,但试样强度不高;Na2O添至4%时,莫来石发育为长柱状,长径比约8～12,并且相互交错成网状,材料的机械强度较高,抗折强度为97.71MPa,莫来石相对含量为76.1%;Na2O添加至8%时,莫来石含量明显减少,晶形变为不规则状。在一定范围内,材料的体积密度、烧成线收缩率和抗折强度均随温度的升高而增大,莫来石含量也相应增多。     

攀钢发电厂麻地湾灰场初期坝及堆积灰体工程地质特征研究

分级分期灰渣筑坝是近年发展起来的山谷贮灰场建设的一种新型技术,是为了满足燃煤电厂贮灰年限和调节洪水的要求的一种新型设计.为满足分级分期灰渣筑坝的设计要求,分析评价初期坝的稳定性与先期粉煤灰灰体堆积特征是构筑分级子坝的重要基础.本文通过水文地质及工程地质调查与岩土工程勘察探讨了麻地湾灰场子坝加高所涉及的相关岩土体的工程地质特征与场地水文地质特征,据此对分级子坝加高的工程地质条件进行了适宜性评价,并通过对堆积灰体物理力学试验分析了粉煤灰灰体的堆积特征与压实程度,为子坝加高设计提供了可靠参数.     

李家峪储灰库粉煤灰水渗漏治理措施研究

以河北省唐山市陡河电厂李家峪储灰场为例，利用火力发电厂排出的粉煤灰自身较好的防渗性能，结合储灰库区渗漏途径和渗漏段的分布，沿库区周边分期、分段进行针对性排灰，并根据地下水动态监测结果适时调整，使库区周围地下水环境逐步得到改善，得出周边排灰在山区储灰库防渗中具有可行性，其成本低效果显著值得在山区储灰库的防渗工作中推广。     

氨基氰在高温高压水流体中反应化学的实验研究

氨基氰在水热环境,尤其在超临界水中的反应化学实验结果表明,氨基氰可以通过自聚合作用,生成较高分子量的氮杂环混合物,进而水解并最终转化成ＣＯ２和ＮＨ３。实验还证明,超临界水可以有效地破坏那睦含有危险的或剧毒的有机资料,使之转化成无毒无在的Ｈ２Ｏ,ＣＯ２,ＮＨ３和无机盐等,根据实验结果,提出水解反应的可能机制是水的亲核加合。     

Geological factors influencing the concentration of trace elements in the Philippi peatland, eastern Macedonia, Greece

Six peat samples obtained from the Holocene and the Weichselian of the Philippi peat deposit, eastern Macedonia, Greece, were analyzed for 48 trace elements by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS). The ash contents of these samples were also determined. Most of the trace elements are associated with the minerals in the peat, while Ge, Mo, Pb, Se, Ta, Tl, U, and W display a greater affinity with the organic matter. Compared with crustal averages (Clarke concentrations), the Philippi peat is enriched in some elements (Ag, As, Au, Cd, Mo, Se, Te, U, and W) because of the respective mineralizations in the area. The Philippi peat is also enriched in Cr, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sc, Sn, T, V, Y, and Zn in comparison with typical fen peats, as well as in As, Cr, Mo, Se, and U in comparison with typical coals. Climatic and hydrogeological conditions strongly influenced the peat-forming environment resulting in a differentiation between Holocene and Weichselian peat. Generally, the Holocene peat contains lower concentrations of trace elements in the northern and southern part of the fen, than the Weichselian one. The opposite trend is observed in the fen area close to the western basin margins.     

用硫酸镁和造纸草浆黑液制备吸附剂及其对活性黄ST-4RFN吸附研究

利用硫酸镁和造纸草浆黑液制备含镁氧化合物的吸附剂,通过化学分析、表面性质分析、X射线衍射和红外光谱等对吸附剂进行了表征.考察了吸附剂焙烧温度、投加量、吸附时间以及pH值等因素对活性黄ST-4RFN吸附性能的影响,吸附过程可用Freundlich模型来描述.     

Effect of Fly Ash on Frost-Resistance and Chloride Ions Diffusion Properties of Marine Concrete

It is necessary to pay more attention to the durability of concrete undergoing freeze-thaw cycles and seawater attack simultaneously.Investigated are the effects of water-binder ratio,fly ash (FA) contents and air-entraining agent on resistance to frost and chloride diffusion of marine concrete blended with FA in natural seawater.The results show that fly ash does not improve the frost resistance of concrete but can improve its resistance to chloride diffusion by addition of less than 30%.The resistance to frost and chloride diffusion of FA concrete can be improved with the decrease of water-binder ratio,and FA may improve both of them simultaneously only being mixed with air-entraining agent.A ratio (named as R) of the frost-resisting durability factor to chloride diffusion coefficient can be used to evaluate the durability of marine concrete.Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses are consistent with the evaluations by the value of R.