利用街景工厂三维模型纹理修复研究

利用街景工厂软件能够实现三维模型的自动化重建,但由于其人工干预少,生成的三维模型成果往往存在着三角网错误、纹理漏洞等现象。针对这种情况,本文主要提出了人工修复三角网,然后将三维模型的结构重新引入街景工厂,再对纹理重新映射修复的方法。     

基于图割算法的倾斜影像纹理映射优化方法

针对基于倾斜摄影影像重建三维城市模型纹理映射过程中出现的遮挡和纹理碎片化问题,本文提出一种利用摄影光线与模型相交判断遮挡,然后利用图割算法优化纹理的方法。首先,连接摄影中心与三角形面片各顶点,判断连接线段与其他三角形面片的相交情况,从而确定是否遮挡,以选取当前三角形面片对应的未被遮挡影像。然后,根据对应关系,构建能量函数,通过图割算法最小化能量函数以确定最优纹理,使相邻三角形面片对应影像的选择趋于一致,从而解决纹理碎片化问题。通过实验证明,本文方法在大规模三维模型的纹理映射中,能够有效解决映射的遮挡重影现象,并能够极大地避免纹理碎片化问题。     

基于图像融合的高分全色遥感影像变化检测

针对同一地区不同时期的全色高分辨遥感影像,提出一种基于影像融合的变化检测算法。首先采用基于匹配点的三角网校正方法对两景影像进行几何校正,然后选用基于迭代多元变化检测(IR-MAD)的相对辐射校正方法进行辐射一致性处理,接着对经几何一致性处理、辐射一致性处理后两张影像进行显著性融合,采用Mean-Shift分割算法对融合影像进行分割,选用方向梯度直方图(HOG)特征获取影像纹理强度图,最后通过比较分割块纹理变化获得变化检测结果。以Toposys激光雷达系统搭载相机拍摄的全色影像对该算法进行了检验,并使用单一时期影像为分割对象进行对比实验结果。实验结果表明,以融合影像为分割对象的结果远优于以单一时期影像为分割对象的变化检测结果,极大地减少了误检和漏检,在城市、郊区等地区人工地物变化监测中有一定的应用价值。     

单环刺螠耐硫机制研究进展

本文概述了硫化物的生理毒性,包括对生物体的有氧呼吸毒性,神经毒性,线粒体毒性,核酸和蛋白质毒性。总结了单环刺螠在硫化物胁迫下存在的应对机制,包括体壁分泌粘液,细胞凋亡过程中某些酶活性的升高和凋亡通路的放大;体内氧化酶活性的改变;体腔液某些成分含量及细胞器结构的变化,线粒体内相关酶系的氧化以及RNA、DNA结构和含量的变化等。     

基于SAR极化比和纹理特征的海面溢油识别方法

针对海洋表面SAR影像的特点,采用基于灰度共生矩阵的纹理特征方法是提取海面溢油信息的常用方法,但实际海洋表面复杂的信息使得SAR图像上产生类似溢油现象的暗斑区域,这导致在利用纹理特征方法提取溢油信息时存在虚警率,降低了溢油信息的提取精度。基于RADARSAT-2 SAR四极化影像,本文提出基于SAR极化比影像的纹理特征识别方法对海面油膜进行识别提取。结果显示,基于SAR极化比影像的纹理特征识别方法可以有效且准确地提取海面溢油信息,相比于VV极化影像的纹理特征识别方法,溢油监测过程中的虚警率降低了17.96%,溢油监测总体精度达到96.83%。     

黄河下游冲积平原潮土土壤孔隙微形态特征

土壤颗粒排列是影响孔隙特征的最基本因素。土壤薄片能够直接观察且定量的分析土壤孔隙特征。为了解不同质地土壤的孔隙差异,于山东省东昌府区采集不同质地土壤（壤土、黏壤土、砂质壤土）,通过常规方法和土壤微形态技术对比分析土壤孔隙特征。结果表明：三类样地土壤孔隙度均为表层向下逐渐减少。表层、底层差异在砂质壤土中主要体现于总孔隙度与毛管孔隙度,黏壤土、壤土则主要体现为总孔隙度与非毛管孔隙度。砂质壤土中各土层均以简单堆集孔隙为主;而0~10 cm黏壤土、壤土以复合堆积孔隙为主,其下复合堆积孔隙减少、其他形状孔隙增多。薄片图像测定孔隙数量可反映常规分析总孔隙度的50%左右,对于非毛管孔隙度则可反映80%左右。因此,土壤薄片更适合分析土壤非毛管孔隙。     

基于纹理和光谱信息的高分辨率遥感影像分类

提出了一种基于纹理和光谱信息的高分辨率遥感影像分类方法,阐述了其基本原理,并通过试验的对比和分析,证明了利用光谱特征与纹理特征相结合进行分类比单纯运用光谱特征进行分类效果更好。     

真正射影像生成中遮蔽区域的补偿

经过正射纠正后的真正射影像,往往会出现建筑物遮挡造成的影像信息缺失区域。本文采用相邻影像补偿、图像修复两种方法依次对这些缺失区域进行补偿。对于因相邻影像信息不足,仍未补偿的剩余像素,在引入DBM模型的基础上,进一步提出一种基于有效像素的样本纹理合成方法,实验结果证明,该方法优于常规图像修复算法,生成了完整的真正射影像。     

Distribution and functional response of sublittoral soft bottom assemblages to sedimentary constraints

Mollusc and annelid polychaete macrofaunal assemblages were studied in a sublittoral sandy bottom of 1.8 km² extension, along the western Calabrian coast (low Tyrrhenian Sea). The strict coupling of the local sedimentary dynamics with the benthic assemblages was investigated on a small spatial scale (patchiness), at the mesoscale depth-related gradients and at the level of functional/trophic habits. Non-metrical correlations (ρ), index of dispersion (Di) and dispersion weighted abundances, averaged per depth level highlighted the response of some characteristic species to the patchiness of sediments as well as to the predominant environmental gradients. Species habits and trophic guilds, that were assessed in terms of biomass (wet weight) and secondary “pseudo-production” (abundance × biomass), clarified the differential functional response of the assemblages at different depth levels. Polychaetes reached 84.86% abundance and showed a highly clumped distribution of sessile species (Ditrupa arietina, Aponuphis brementi, Chone acustica, Spiophanes kroyeri); to a lower extent the motile species (Hyalinoecia tubicola, Marphisa bellii, Phylo foetida) were present. Molluscs reached 15.14% abundance and only some bivalve taxa showed significant aggregated distributions (Corbula gibba, Tellina donacina, Tellina distorta), whereas gastropod species were more evenly distributed. Total biomasses were almost equal between the two taxonomic groups (46.41 g WW on average). Biotic–environmental rank matching highlighted depth, very fine sands (60–200 μm), sorting grade, skewness index and pH as being the most influential factors in the distributions of some species, followed secondarily by coarse silts (40–60 μm) and coarser sands (200–2000 μm). Within the local context of water/sediment oligotrophy, the adaptive strategies of macrofauna to a highly seasonal supply of autochthonous phytoplanktonic seston associated with imported macro debris and terrigenous components were emphasized. Evidence of such a differential nutrient supply was the clear functional differentiation of the shallower levels from the deeper ones, and the presence of an intermediate zone which was selectively dominated, in terms of abundance and biomass, by microphagous filter/suspension feeders. Moreover, the shortage of burrowing deposit feeders as well as the prevalence of motile macrophagous omnivores beyond 20 m depth may be considered as ecologically correlated aspects.     

纹理特征提取及辅助遥感影像分类技术研究

研究了利用灰度共生矩阵提取纹理特征的方法,并对利用纹理特征影像辅助光谱特征分类的方法进行了研究。实验结果表明,纹理特征辅助光谱特征分类能够提高遥感影像分类的准确性和精度。