藏北双湖地区才多茶卡一带构造混杂岩中发现晚泥盆世和晚二叠世放射虫硅质岩

报道了在西藏北部双湖才多茶卡地区新发现的晚泥盆世和晚二叠世放射虫硅质岩,实测剖面的第9层硅质岩以产Neoalbaillella动物群为特征,其中N.ormithoformis,N.optima是晚二叠世长兴阶的2个带化石;第14层硅质岩以产Entactinids动物群为特征,其中Stigmosphaerostylusoumonhaoensis,Triloneheechinata,Archocyrtiumriedeli等主要见于晚泥盆世法门阶。上述2个动物群在西藏尚属首次发现。才多茶卡地区晚古生代放射虫硅质岩的发现为重新认识双湖构造混杂岩带的形成时代、构造环境、“构造带是否东延”等重大地质问题,提供了新的重要资料。     

An attempt to quantitatively reconstruct the paleo-primary productivity by counting the radiolarian fossils in cherts from the latest Permian Dalong Formation in southwestern China

A quantitative reconstruction method of paleo-primary productivity is present on the basis of the investigation on the faunal record in cherts. By obtaining the accumulation rate of radiolarian shells in the cherts and considering all aspects of silica loss before burial, such as dissolution in the eutrophic zone or within the sediments, it is possible to reconstruct the production rate of radiolarian in the surface water, which would be used to estimate the paleo-primary productivity. This method is applied to the end Permian chert sequence from Dalong Formation in Dongpan area, southwestern China. The resulting paleo-primary productivity of the ocean in end Permian south China is about 477.9 g C/m²/a during the sedimentation of cherts, which, to some extent, agrees with the primary productivity reported for some modern oceans.     

西藏尼玛北部图北湖一带硅质岩中发现中三叠世放射虫化石

在龙木错-双湖缝合带之北图北湖一带的一套浅变质劈理化石英砂岩、粉砂质泥岩、(含砾)长石岩屑杂砂岩夹硅质岩、安山岩、含砾基性岩屑凝灰岩、安山质岩屑凝灰岩、玄武岩等组合中发现中三叠世拉丁期放射虫动物群Sepsagon robustum Lahm,Triassocampe cf.coronata,T.cf.levigata,Pararuesticyrtium cf.trattoense,Hindeosphaera spinulosa。放射虫化石的发现对北羌塘地区三叠纪地层的划分对比和地质构造发展演化的研究具有重要意义。     

二叠纪末扬子海盆及其周缘动物群的 特征和古地理、古构造启示

二叠纪-三叠纪之交生物灭绝主要受古环境演变的控制.然而,古地理、古构造背景和生物自身因素(如生物的生理特 征)也影响着生物的演化规律及空间分布.从沉积学、放射虫古测深以及生物组合等方面对扬子海盆及其周缘的古地理特征进 行了详细研究,重建其古地理和古构造背景,为华南古-中生代之交生物和环境演化的全球可对比性提供了古地理依据.研究 表明:(1)扬子海盆北缘,从南往北,水体逐渐变深,面向东秦岭-大别深海;扬子海盆南缘深水盆地,从北往南,水体也是逐渐 变深,面向古特提斯洋盆.扬子海盆边缘面向广海表明扬子海盆二叠纪末生物和环境演化具有区域上广泛的代表性甚至全球 意义.(2)扬子海盆北缘盆地的古水深普遍小于南缘深水盆地的古水深.(3)华北板块与华南板块的最终碰撞发生在二叠纪以 后;钦防地区晚古生代为洋盆环境(古特提斯的分支小洋盆),该洋盆一直延续到二叠纪末甚至三叠纪,因此,扬子和华夏古构 造体系西南段的最终碰撞和拼合可能发生在二叠纪末甚至三叠纪.      

Preservation of Radiolarian Diversity and Abundance in Surface Sediments of the South China Sea and Its Environmental Implication

Quantitative analysis of radiolarian preservation in surface sediments from different regional environments of the South China Sea (SCS) is discussed in this article for illustrating their relationship. The results show that species diversity and abundance of radiolarian in the surfacese diment increase with water depth, indicating no obvious dissolution of radiolarian shell in the deep SCS. Upwelling activity and volcanic eruption are both in favor of radiolarian propagation, and cause the settlement enrichment of radiolarian shell. Whereas, an abnormal reduced radiolarian fauna in deeper slope sediment may result from the remain of turbid flow that brings sediments from shallow area, such as shelf and upper slope. Radiolartan species are mainly composed of tropic-subtropic types,and include some cold or polar species, which indicates that a mistake in paleoceanographic analysis should arise from the monospecific index. However, synthesis radiolarian indexes in sediments may well respond to the ecologic and depositional environments in the SCS.     

Evolutionary Significance of Pylentonemid Radiolarians and Their Late Devonian Species from Southwestern Tianshan, China

A group of radiolarian fossils with a complete morphological gradient of increasing polarization are reported from upper Devonian successions in southwestern Tianshan, China. Specifically, the important transitional mophotypes, Pylentonema transitorum sp. nov., Archocyrtium medium sp. nov. and Quadrapesus transitivus sp. nov, were found. Based on the fact that the new transitional radiolarian fossils resemble more closely to pylentonemids （cyrtoid nassellarians） than to entactinids （spumellarians） in morphology, they are assigned to pylentonemids. Pylentonemids share characters of both the Nassellaria （e.g., horned cephalis, basal opening with pylome） and Spumellaria （e.g., system of trabecular spicules）, and they are thus of evolutionary significance. The evolutionary trend from spumellarians to nassellarians is characterized by （1） internal spicule： from simple trabecular spicules to complicate components （A;Ir,II;D;V;Lr,Li;MB）; （2） polarization of the radiolarian tests due to rearrangment of spine, from radial to an axial symmetry; （3） the gradual formation of a basal opening （aperture, pylome, or podome）; and the transition from a pseudopylome, a primative pylome with a narrow margin on the outer shell, to a true pylome rimmed with a narrow, elevated impermite wall.     

Late Changhsingian radiolarian biostratigraphy from Guangxi,South China and its correlation to conodonts

A well-preserved, abundant radiolarian fauna was obtained from three sections: the Dongpan, Liuqiao, and Paibi sections, in southern Guangxi, South China. Sixteen species belonging to Albaillella and Neoalbaillella, including seven undetermined species, are recognized. On the basis of stratigraphic distribution of these species, two radiolarian zones, the Albaillella triangularis Zone and the Albaillella yaoi Zone, are established. The correlation between radiolarian zones and conodont zones is suggested based on the discovery of coexisting conodonts. Albaillella triangularis and Albaillella yaoi zones correspond to Neogondolella postwangi and Neogondolella yini zones respectively.     

土耳其Sinop盆地晚白垩世大洋红层中的放射虫

在土耳其北部Sinop盆地Kayadibi剖面上发育了一套以红色灰岩及红色硅质岩为特征的,被称之为Kapanboˇgazi组的远洋或半远洋环境下的海相红色沉积。其中的硅质岩里产丰富且保存完好的放射虫化石。其放射虫组合以Crucella cachensis, Alievum superbum?, Patellula verteoensis, Patellula ecliptica, Dictyo mitra multicostata, Pseudodictyomitra pseudomacrocephala, Halesium triacanthum, Pessagnobrachia fabia nii, Pseudoaulophacus putahensis 和Paronaella communis 等属种同时出现为特征,可以与北美、西特提斯及俄罗斯等地建立的Alievum superbum 放射虫带对比,时代为土仑期。     

前乐平世海洋动物灾变事件在硅质岩系中的响应

在广西钦州地区小董镇大虫岭层状硅质岩剖面中,发现在乐平统底界附近,稀土元素地球化学Ce/ Ce*值的高异常带、稀土元素分布模式中Ce正异常层段(背景为负异常)以及岩性特征的明显变化段,与放射虫动物群的突然变化层位相吻合。这一研究结果说明,前乐平世海洋动物灾变事件在本剖面中有很好的响应。这一事件发生的原因是由于瓜德鲁普世末期全球性海退引起的,事件持续的时间较长,相当于卡匹敦期的晚期。     

滇西北甘孜-理塘构造带放射虫地层、硅质岩地球化学及其构造古地理意义

滇西北香格里拉地区上三叠统哈工组由砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩组成,并发育大量的沉积混杂岩块。硅质混杂岩块中含有大量的放射虫及竹节石生物化石。放射虫自中泥盆世到中三叠世均有分布,竹节石时代为中泥盆世。不同时代的硅质岩均为生物成因硅质岩,其Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)比值介于0.58～0.96之间。北美页岩标准化的稀土模式比较平坦,具弱的Ce负异常或明显的正异常,Eu异常不明显,总体表现为大陆边缘型硅质岩的特征。生物组合和地球化学特征说明甘孜-理塘盆地自早泥盆世裂开。根据硅质岩和硅质泥岩的稀土元素特征,该盆地演化经历了中泥盆世至早石炭世早期缓慢扩张的构造活动期和早石炭世晚期至早三叠世的快速扩张期,以及中三叠世晚期的向西俯冲阶段。晚三叠世,甚至侏罗纪,该盆地仍然发育有深水沉积环境。