鄂尔多斯盆地北部晚古生代物源区分析及其地质意义

从构造演化、古地理变迁、源区母岩性质、陆源碎屑组分标型特征等方面对鄂尔多斯盆地北部晚古生代物源区进行研究发现：区域上的南北隆起、中部坳陷的古地理格局决定了晚古生代鄂尔多斯盆地北部物源主要来自于北缘的阴山古陆，二叠纪呈NNE向自北而南展布的河流三角洲及古流向，反映出陆源碎屑物质主要来自北部古陆，鄂尔多斯盆地内部及其北部的结晶基底以太古界和元古界地层为主，在盆地北部基岩分布及类型具有明显的分区特征并导致了东西部地区砂岩储集体岩性的差异，物源与有利储层的发育密切相关。     

High resolution provenancing of long travelled dust deposited on the Southern Alps, New Zealand

On 7 February 2000 an atypical orange discolouration of snowfields in the central Southern Alps, New Zealand occurred following the passage of a cold front. Analysis of snow samples identified fine orangey-brown dust mixed with much coarser grey dust. Air parcel forward trajectories from dust sources in southern and central Australia, where dust storms were reported on 4 February 2000, were computed to identify the deposits source. Geochemical analyses of the dust deposit using 26 trace elements, unaffected by regional air pollution and gravitational sorting, indicate that 20% of the dust was sourced from western New South Wales, with 45% from the eastern Eyre Peninsula of South Australia and the remaining 35% was local New Zealand dust. This provenancing approach provides a spatial resolution of long travelled dust sourcing not previously achieved.     

豫西新生代基性火山岩地球化学特征及源区性质

豫西新生代基性火山岩主要为粗面玄武岩,少量碱玄岩和玄武岩。其地球化学特征表明该区基性火山岩基本代表了幔源原始岩浆的成分,结晶分异作用及地壳物质混染作用并未对本区基性火山岩产生明显影响。初步的研究表明,本区基性火山岩是富集型地幔熔体和亏损型地幔熔体混合的产物。     

西藏南部上三叠统郎杰学群物源分析

运用Dickinson三角图解、地球化学和阴极发光方法,对西藏山南琼结和贡嘎地区上三叠统深海-半深海郎杰学群砂岩和板岩进行了研究.碎屑成分和地球化学分析结果显示,物源总体来自再旋回造山带,含有大陆基块和混合区(切割弧)成分.阴极发光照射结果反映,物源区石英主要为变质成因(棕色光),次为深成/火山成因(浅紫兰色-绿色光),在一定程度上表明,母源区结晶基底可能已经抬升暴露,并且粘附在大陆块上.这些结果暗示,在拉萨地块与印度次大陆之间的新特提斯洋中可能存在一个含造山带的未名地块.     

西湖凹陷古近系平湖组泥质岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

西湖凹陷是东海陆架盆地重要的富生烃凹陷之一，平湖组是主要烃源岩和油气富集层系。为了探讨平湖组沉积期构造背景、源区性质及古环境，本文对平湖组泥质岩地球化学特征进行了研究。地球化学分析结果表明，平湖组沉积期同时具有大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘构造背景。平湖组泥质岩的物源区母岩主要由上地壳岩石演化而来，并通过对比周围隆起区母岩特征，认为西侧的海礁隆起为西湖凹陷西部斜坡区平湖组沉积期的主要物源区，母岩主要以上地壳的长英质火成岩为主，并受到少量来自幔源岩浆和上地壳古生界变质岩系的影响，母岩类型主要为花岗闪长岩和英安质凝灰岩，少量安山岩和变质岩。泥质岩CIA分析表明，平湖组泥质岩的母岩经历了中等—强烈的风化作用，结合Sr/Cu值分析，推断西湖凹陷在平湖组沉积期古气候较为温暖湿润。微量元素和古盐度分析结果以及对盆地古地貌特征分析表明，西湖凹陷平湖组沉积期自北向南沉积背景有明显的地区差异性，北部（A- 1）沉积水体为淡水，主要发育河控三角洲沉积体系，而中部（A- 2）和南部（B- 1）表现为淡水和半咸水交替演化的特征，主要发育受潮汐影响三角洲沉积体系。平湖组泥质岩主要形成于含氧环境中。     

塔里木盆地巴楚断隆古生代沉积构造背景和物源区性质的探讨

关于塔里木盆地构造类型和基底性质的认识大致可以分为两种：一种认为它是一个具有前寒武纪陆壳基底的复杂的叠合复合盆地;另一种则认为它是一个具有洋壳（大洋岩石圈）基底的残余的弧后盆地（或由昆仑岛弧、塔中残余岛弧和柯坪-库鲁克塔格残余岛弧挟持的两个残余弧间盆地组成）。和3、和4井位于塔中构造带的巴楚断隆上,取两井的古生界砂岩、粉砂岩样品做主量元素化学分析,用不同方法进行沉积构造背景和物源区性质判别,证明本区志留纪到石炭纪属于稳定的大陆克拉通盆地,沉积物源来自成熟大陆区。这一结果支持关于塔里木具有陆壳基底的认识。     

Timing of the Yangtze initiation draining the Tibetan Plateau throughout to the East China Sea: a review

The question of the Yangtze’s origins has been extensively researched by geologists and geomorphologists for more than a century, and a widely-accepted answer is still pending. Evidence of river piracy, diversion and incision in the upper river segment from Shigu town in Yunnan Province to Yichang City has been used to reconstruct the history of the Yangtze drainage system, and constrain the timing of the upper Yangtze diversion from south flowing to east, debouching into the East China Sea. There is much diversity in fluvial deposits and landforms even over small spatio-temporal scales in tectonic highly active regions. They are also liable to latter reworking by external forces, making their paleo-geographical interpretation a more complex and controversial matter. Based on evidence from fluvial strata and landforms, various hypotheses have been proposed with considerable discrepancies for the timing of the Jinsha River diversion from the south flowing into the east, and the timing of the upper Yangtze channeling through the Three Gorges area. The Yangtze was controversially assumed to be: (1) a very old river in existence since the Cretaceous and earlier, (2) a very young river that came into being only during the past several hundred thousand years, or (3) any age in between these two extremes. Techniques in microprobe dating of single crystalline grains have greatly improved, and they have been widely and successfully used in provenance studies, drainage evolution reconstruction, and tectonic history restoration through dating detrital zircon/monazite grains from the onshore/offshore deposits. The timing of the Yangtze formation was estimated at ca. 2.58 Ma based on analyses of time-series variation of EMP (electron microprobe) monazite ages in the late Cenozoic strata of the Yangtze delta. By revisiting fluvial deposits and landforms in the upper Yangtze drainage basin, some references also state the initiation time of the Yangtze at between the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene. This indicates that microprobe dating of single detrital mineral grains is an effective tool to study sedimentary provenance and reconstruct the evolution history of large rivers, like the Yangtze. Laser ablation-ICPMS, a newly-developed microprobe dating technique characterized by minimal sample preparation, low cost and high throughput, and high precision, makes it possible to date large volumes of single detrital mineral grains for provenance studies. Its application is expected to increase the precision of the timing of the Yangtze formation. __________ Translated from Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology, 2007, 27(2): 121–131 [译自: 海洋地质与第四纪地质]     

Composition and Provenance of Sandstones and Siltstones in Paleogene, Huimin Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

This study was conducted to distinguish the compositions and provenance of sandstones and siltstones in the Ek1-Es3 members of Huimin (惠民) depression. The samples have been analyzed for petrographic, major element and selected trace element compositions (including REE). The results show that the sandstones from the first member of Kongdian (孔店) Formation (Ek1) have higher quartz compositions than those from the fourth member (Es4) and the third member (Es3) of Shahejie (沙河街) Formation. The alkali feldspar/plagioclase ratio in the A-CN-K diagrams decreases in the order Ek1>Es4>Es3, which suggests that the Ek1 member had a more alkali feldspar-rich granitoid source and more intense weathering of the source than the Es4 and Es3 members. The mineral distributions in the A-CN-K diagrams also indicate that the sandstones and slltstones in the three members underwent K-metasomatism. Extrapolation of the sandstones and siltstones back to the plaginclase-alkali feldspar line in the A-CN-K diagram suggests a high average plagioclase to alkali feldspar ratio in the provenance (tonalite to granite). In addition, the chemical index of weathering (CIW) and chemical index of alteration (CIA) parameters of the sandstones and siltstones suggest that the weathering of the first cycle material was intense, and the CIW decreases in the order Ek1>Es4>Es3. Trace element ratios suggest all the sedimentary rocks were mostly derived from granitoids. Elemental ratio plots (e.g., Th/Sc vs. Eu/Eu*) of sandstones and siltstones suggest a mix of a granodiorite-tonalite source as a source of the sandstones and siltstones. The sandstones and siltstones of Es3 and Es4 members also contain higher Eu/Eu* and lower Th/Sc ratios than the sandstones and siltstones of Ek1 member. As is consistent with the petrography, it suggests that the sandstones and siltstones of Es3 and Es4 members are derived from a source with less granite and more granodiorite-tonalite than the sandstones and siltstones of Ek1 member.     

Unravelling the widening of the earliest Andean northern orogen: Maastrichtian to early Eocene intra‐basinal deformation in the northern Eastern Cordillera of Colombia

The onset of deformation in the northern Andes is overprinted by subsequent stages of basin deformation, complicating the examination of competing models illustrating potential location of earliest synorogenic basins and uplifts. To establish the width of the earliest northern Andean orogen, we carried out field mapping, palynological dating, sedimentary, stratigraphic and provenance analyses in Campanian to lower Eocene units exposed in the northern Eastern Cordillera of Colombia (Cocuy region) and compare the results with coeval succession in adjacent basins. The onset of deformation is recorded in earliest Maastrichtian time, as terrigenous detritus arrived into the basin marking the end of chemical precipitation and the onset of clastic deposition produced by the uplift of a western source area dominated by shaly Cretaceous rocks. Disconformable contacts within the upper Maastrichtian to middle Palaeocene succession document increasing supply of quartzose sandy detritus from Cretaceous quartzose rocks exposed in eastern source areas. The continued unroofing of both source areas produced a rapid shift in depositional environments from shallow marine in Maastrichtian to fluvial‐lacustrine systems during the Palaeocene‐early Eocene. Supply of immature Jurassic sandstones from nearby western uplifts, together with localized plutonic and volcanic Cretaceous rocks, caused a shift in Palaeocene sandstones composition from quartzarenites to litharenites. Supply of detrital sandy fragments, unstable heavy minerals and Cretaceous to Ordovician detrital zircons, were derived from nearby uplifted blocks and from SW fluvial systems within the synorogenic basin, instead of distal basement rocks. The presence of volcanic rock fragments and 51–59 Ma volcanic zircons constrain magmatism within the basin. The Maastrichtian–Palaeocene sequence studied here documents crustal deformation that correlates with coeval deformation farther south in Ecuador and Peru. Slab flattening of the subducting Caribbean plate produced a wider orogen (>400 km) with a continental magmatic arc and intra‐basinal deformation and magmatism.     

Drainage response to Arabia–Eurasia collision: Insights from provenance examination of the Cyprian Kythrea flysch (Eastern Mediterranean Basin)

The Cenozoic geodynamics of the north‐eastern Mediterranean Basin have been dominated by the subduction of the African Plate under Eurasia. A trench‐parallel crustal‐scale thrust system (Misis–Kyrenia Thrust System) dissects the southern margin of the overriding plate and forms the structural grain and surface expression of northern Cyprus. Late Eocene to Miocene flysch of the Kythrea (De?irmenlik) Group is exposed throughout northern Cyprus, both at the hanging‐wall and foot‐wall of the thrust system, permitting access to an extensive Cenozoic sedimentary record of the basin. We report the results of a combined examination of detrital zircon and rutile U–Pb geochronology (572 concordant ages), coupled with Th/U ratios, Hf isotopic data and quantitative assessment of grain morphology of detrital zircon from four formations (5 samples) from the Kythrea flysch. These data provide a line of independent evidence for the existence of two different sediment transportation systems that discharged detritus into the basin between the late Eocene and late Miocene. Unique characteristics of each transport system are defined and a sediment unmixing calculation is demonstrated and explained. The first system transported almost exclusively North Gondwana‐type, Precambrian‐aged detrital zircon sourced from siliciclastic rock units in southern Anatolia. A different drainage system is revealed by the middle to late Miocene flysch sequence that is dominated by Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic‐aged detrital zircon, whose age range is consistent with the magmatic episodicity of southeast Anatolia, along the Arabia–Eurasia suture zone. Deposition of these late Miocene strata took place thereupon closure of the Tethyan Seaway and African–Eurasian faunal exchange, and overlap in time with a pronounced uplift of eastern Anatolia. Our analytical data indicate the onset of prominent suture‐parallel sediment transport from the collision zone of south‐eastern Anatolia into the Kyrenia Range of northern Cyprus, marking the drainage response to the continental collision between Arabia and Eurasia.