“煤铀兼探”找矿新思路在云南的初次应用——以滇西户撒盆地铀矿勘探为例

通过对滇西户撒盆地煤田资料二次开发利用,文章首次提出"潜在储铀层"的概念,即煤田等勘探钻孔测井资料中自然伽马值显示高于50γ(或3.5PA/kg或150API或12.6纳库(n·C)/Kg·小时)时所对应的砂岩、砾岩层,并筛查出主要赋存在新近系芒棒组一至三段的潜在储铀层40层。自然伽马异常等厚图与等值线图指示盆地北东部姐来-小寨地区、中部曼统-曼燕地区、南西部帕董-老汪寨地区可作为首选钻探验证靶区,验证孔当优先部署在以上区域。芒棒组一、二段因赋存的潜在储铀层数量多、伽马异常厚度较大、伽马异常值高,赋矿潜力大,可作为重点验证层位。     

2005-2013年中国新增造林植被生物量碳库固碳潜力分析

本文利用2005-2013年林业统计年鉴中每个省市新造林面积和遥感分类提取得到的2010年土地覆被类型,结合公开发表的各类森林生长方程和各个时期的森林存活率,估算了中国新造林在2005-2100年生物量碳库变化及其固碳潜力。结果表明：2005-2013年中国新造林面积达到4394×10⁴ hm²,在自然生长状况下,到2020年新造林蓄积量增加16.8亿m³,生物量增加1.6 Pg,生物量碳库0.76 Pg C;新造林生物量碳库在2005-2100年中将增加2.11 Pg C,相当于目前现有森林生物量碳库的25%,约是过去20年森林总碳汇的1.5倍;新造林生物量碳密度逐年增加,最高达到48.1 Mg/hm²。整合林业统计年鉴以及遥感解译的森林类型对新造林生物量固碳潜力分析,研究表明新造林具有较大的碳汇潜力,对中国现有森林碳汇平衡有重要贡献。     

旅游社区多群体态度差异和冲突倾向的空间特征——以西安汤峪镇为例

随着乡村旅游的快速发展,乡村旅游社区逐步成为多群体竞争与冲突的场所,其内部多群体的态度差异成为指示社区冲突的重要指标。本文以西安汤峪镇为例,采用参与式制图（Participatory Mapping）和半结构访谈方法对当地居民、度假购房业主和游客3类群体的旅游开发态度和景观价值感知进行调查,最终获得315套访谈表与填图,共提取空间信息点5518个。基于对Brown等土地利用冲突倾向指标模型的修订,并结合地理空间分析方法探讨旅游社区态度差异和冲突倾向的空间特征。结论显示：① 旅游开发态度及其差异具有明显的地点指向性,并与景观价值的空间感知相关联。旅游开发冲突倾向空间上并非均匀分布,而是呈斑状格局,高值集中于社区旅游开发核心区域,且强度由开发的核心区域向外围区域减弱;② 潜在冲突地点的形成既有传统冲突因素的影响,又有特殊空间因素的作用,旅游开发要素的空间结构、多人群景观价值的空间感知、社区旅游发展阶段和相关人群的涉入程度都会影响冲突空间的形成;③ 参与式制图与深度访谈结合的方法能够帮助获得多人群主观数据,为认识态度和旅游开发冲突的空间特征提供了新的技术支撑。     

Integrating cellular automata and Markov techniques to generate urban development potential surface: a study on Kolkata agglomeration

Uncontrolled, yet fragmented peripheral urban expansion has emerged as a menace to urban development. To cope with this rapid urban expansion process, identification of the forces responsible for this rapid urban expansion is a pre-requisite, especially when its threats to habitability are taken into consideration. This study tries to evaluate fragmented uncontrolled urban expansion faced by Kolkata using cellular automata-Markov chain. Urban growth patterns, land use/land cover transformations and spatial allocation correspondence with planning strategy is the main theme of this study. Depending upon the driving forces, the study result indicates a bi-directional urban development potential surface, which might be a result of the biased planning initiative along with middle-class residential demand. This simulation result provides evidence for the planning authority to evaluate the effectiveness of spatial allocation and urban expansion trends and provide flexibility to modify the current allocation scenario.     

基于湿位涡和积雪效率的降雪预报技术探讨

本文对南京地区2015年的一次强降雪过程进行了湿位涡诊断分析,根据2008—2015年的57次强降雪个例归纳出了积雪效率与地面2 m气温的关系。结果表明:湿位涡正压项对降雪强度变化有较好的指示意义;结合湿位涡斜压项和地面气温可以较好地判断降雪落区,且强降雪落区和湿位涡斜压项的大值中心对应较好;积雪效率和地面2 m气温是分段函数关系,利用该统计关系及气温、降雪量的预报,可以作出积雪深度的预报。     

湘西地区高架雷暴类冰雹的基本特征与关键预报因子

利用常规气象观测资料,对2005—2014年湖南省湘西州2—3月高架雷暴类冰雹的时空分布特征、天气系统配置及环境场要素特征等进行统计分析,探讨高架雷暴类冰雹发生发展的物理机制。结果表明,湘西早春时期的高架雷暴类冰雹南部地区多于中北部地区,具有一定的日变化。影响高架雷暴类冰雹的主要天气系统为高空槽、700hPa急流以及冷空气等。潜势预报指标包括:850hPa相对湿度大于等于92%,700hPa相对湿度大于等于60%,500hPa相对湿度小于等于48.5%;850hPa存在强的温度锋区,温差大于等于13℃/5个纬度;700hPa与500hPa的温差大于等于15℃;700hPa有风速大于等于16m·s~(-1)的西南急流,且850hPa与700hPa的垂直风切变大于等于19m·s~(-1);0℃层高度为3~4km,-20℃层高度为6~7km。     

GIS based ecotourism potential assessment in Munessa Shashemene Concession Forest and its surrounding area,Ethiopia

This study aims to understand GIS based ecotourism potential of Munessa Shashemene Concession Forest and its surrounding area in Ethiopia. Landsat images from 2009/2010 and 2013 were used to drive baseline data including land cover, land use, stream and road. Elevation based agro-ecology and slope map were derived from SRTM DEM. Rapid wild animals survey, identifying the location of known historical, cultural and unique features were carried out in the filed with the help of key-informants. A suitability model was designed in GIS environment to assess the suitability of an area for tourism considering suitability factors such as land cover types, wild animal zone, unique features, topography and distance to a road. The result showed areas which are highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, or unsuitable for tourism. The old giant, Podocarpus (Podocarpus falcatus) trees that serve as habitat of the endangered and endemic mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), were identified as very high suitable areas for tourists. The highly suitable areas include forest area along the lake which is seasonally visited by mountain nyala and areas of plantation forest that are found adjacent to natural forest. These areas follow remnants of the natural forest and found along boundary between the mid-highland and the highland agro-ecologies. The agricultural land use types consisting of maize/haricot-bean and wheat/barley were evaluated as marginally suitable, nevertheless these could be considered as potential for agri-tourism. The study revealed that the concession area is found to be a suitable area with its huge potential for ecotourism development.     

Importance of tropical cyclone heat potential for tropical cyclone intensity and intensification in the Western North Pacific

Which is more important for tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and intensification, sea surface temperature (SST) or tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP)? Investigations using best-track TC central pressures, TRMM/TMI three-day mean SST data, and an estimated TCHP based on oceanic reanalysis data from 1998 to 2004, show that the central pressure is more closely related to TCHP accumulated from TC formation to its mature stages than to the accumulated SST and its duration. From an oceanic environmental viewpoint, a rapid deepening of TC central pressure occurs when TCHP is relatively high on a basin scale, while composite distributions of TCHP, vertical wind shear, lower tropospheric relative humidity, and wind speed occurring in cases of rapid intensification are different for each TC season. In order to explore the influence of TCHP on TC intensity and intensification, analyses using both oceanic reanalysis data and the results of numerical simulations based on an ocean general circulation model are performed for the cases of Typhoons Chaba (2004) and Songda (2004), which took similar tracks. The decrease in TCHP due to the passage of Chaba led to the suppression of Songda’s intensity at the mature stage, while Songda maintained its intensity for a relatively long time because induced near-inertial currents due to the passage of Chaba reproduced anticyclonic warm eddies appearing on the leftside of Chaba’s track before Songda passed by. This type of intensity-sustenance process caused by the passage of a preceding TC is often found in El Niño years. These results suggest that TCHP, but not SST, plays an important role in TC intensity and its intensification.     

Inertial Instability of Arbitrarily Meandering Currents Governed by the Eccentrically Cyclogeostrophic Equation

Using natural coordinates, we have derived a criterion for the inertial instability of arbitrarily meandering currents. Such currents, governed by the eccentrically cyclogeostrophic equation, are adopted as the basic current field for the parcel method. We assume that any virtual displacement which is given to a water parcel moving in the basic field has no influence on this field. From the conservation of mechanical energy for a virtual displacement we derive an inertial instability frequency ω _m = [(f + 2u/r)Z]^0.5 for the eccentrically cyclogeostrophic current, where f is the Coriolis parameter, u the velocity (always positive), r the radius of curvature of a streamline (negative for an anticyclonic meander), and Z the vertical component of absolute vorticity. If ω _m ² is negative, the eccentrically cyclogeostrophic current becomes unstable. Although the conventional, centrifugal instability criterion, derived from the conservation of angular momentum in a circularly symmetric current field, has a certain meaning for a monopolar vortex, it contains a radial shear vorticity that is difficult to use in arbitrarily meandering currents. The new criterion ω _m ² contains a lateral shear vorticity that is applicable to arbitrarily meandering currents. Examining instabilities of concentric rings with radii of 50–100 km, we consider reasons why the anticyclonic supersolid rotation has been very much less frequently observed than the cyclonic supersolid rotation, despite a prediction of some common stability and a rapid change in radial velocity gradient for the former. Classifying eccentric streamlines into the large and small curvature-gradient types, we point out that the large-gradient curvature in anticyclonic rings is apt to be unstable. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Argo浮标电导率漂移误差检测及其校正方法探讨

文章引入位势电导比(potential conductivity ratio)的概念,对一个在西北太平洋上观测时间长达4a的Argo剖面浮标进行了诊断分析,并利用现场CTD资料和简单的误差消除法,对该浮标由电导率传感器漂移所产生的盐度误差进行了校正处理,且与目前同际上公认的WJO方法进行了比较,发现利用现场CTD资料校正Argo浮标长期观测所产生的盐度误差更直观、更简便,其校正结果也是可信的。