鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长7富有机质页岩中藻类化石的发现及地质意义

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长7段富有机质页岩是该盆地中生界含油系统的主力烃源岩,其有机质丰度高,类型好,具有巨大的生烃潜力。该套烃源岩中有机质的富集很大程度上取决于长7期的高古生产力及其提供的充足的有机质。长7期藻类勃发的存在已被多数学者所接受,但是目前还缺乏直观、有力的证据。笔者等通过薄片和扫描电镜观察、能谱分析,在长7段的脉状黄铁矿附近和碳酸盐结核中发现了属种单一、分布丰度高的藻类化石,它们呈现出近似球状的轮廓,在中部分布着一条裂缝。这些藻类化石的发现具有重要的地质意义,它为长7期的藻类勃发提供了很好的证据,也为该时期热液活动的重要作用提供了有力的支撑。     

Study on the cation substitution capacity of synthetic 1nm manganate

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大洋多金属结核的成矿作用和模式

以成矿作用反应场中的成矿物质和成矿环境为切入点,指出洋底水-沉积物界面附近形成了金属垒、碱性垒和氧化垒的垒群带以及矿物的沉析带;溶解态成矿金属的存在形式除Fe主要呈高价态外,Mn、Cu、Ni、Co均呈低价态;洋底沉析的矿物有赤铁矿、针铁矿、石英、硅酸盐类和碳酸盐类矿物。成矿溶液中存在富含Mn、Fe的胶体和微粒,其Mn、Fe含量比溶解态的高出百倍至千倍,Cu、Ni、Co含量也以增高为主。南极底层流的供氧使表层沉积物均呈浅黄、黄褐、褐色系列色调,并且成矿溶液呈低温、弱碱性、强氧化环境。在构筑成矿金属运聚和分异的动态模型基础上,提出了氧化、胶体化学和生物化学是结核生成的作用链,归纳为以洋底垒群带和矿物沉析带的复合带为背景、胶体化学作用为主导、物理化学作用和生物化学作用叠加的外生成因水下沉析的结核成矿模式。     

Possibilities of using the GLORIA system for manganese nodule assessment

The I.O.S. long range side-scan sonar GLORIA has been widely used over a variety of seabed types, but until recently had not been used over an independently authenticated field of manganese nodules. In the Eastern Atlantic Ocean at approximately 31°25 N 25°15 W, a field of nodules approximately 3–6 cm in diameter covering up to 18% of the seafloor was observed using an underwater camera. The nodule field occurred over approximately 2.8 km of the 8.3 km camera run. The corresponding GLORIA image shows an area of medium intensity backscattering, approximately 3.7 km in diameter. Considering the likely contrast in acoustic reflectivity between manganese nodules and deep sea sediments, we propose a correlation between the nodules observed in the photographs and the medium intensity echo target revealed by the GLORIA system.     

Geochemical characteristics of sediments from the COMRA registered pioneer area (CRPA), equatorial northeastern Pacific Ocean

I\TRODUcrIO\Most substances that enter the oceans are ultimately kept as sediments. ffefore settingdOwn, they experienced vdrious complex biological and chebocal cycles and interactions, whichinvolve sorne substances more than others. The interactlons continue after deposition. Sedl-ments do not lie passive]y on the sea--floor until they are buried: deeP--sea animals disturb thesediments as they forage fOr fdri, and some sediments may experience erosion and resuspensionby bottom currents. …     

南海铁锰结核(壳)的地球化学特征

本文研究了南海中部铁锰结核(壳)的地球化学特征。南海铁锰结核(壳)以高Mn富Ni为特征。但不同沉积部位的铁锰结核(壳),化学成分也有一定的差异,这是受不同沉积区的物源特性,地化环境差异和沉积成矿过程中环境的变化所影响的结果。     

Formation particularities of hypergene ferromanganese nodules: Far East Russia and Vietnam

Ferromanganese nodules (pisolites) form accumulations in basal layers of Pliocene-Quaternary clayey sections of Far East Russia and Vietnam. They are composed of minerals that are in common for both these regions (authigenic vernadite, feroxyhyte, goethite, halloysite, and terrigenous quartz) and minerals that are characteristic of either the northern (authigenic hollandite, lithiophorite, and bernessite) or southern (authigenic alumophorite, lepidocrocite, ferrihydrite, gibbsite, and terrigenous ilmenite) regions. Pisolites are considered to be microbial colonies with Mn and Fe oxides frequently forming biomorphs. The growth of the colonies was accompanied by dying off and mineralization of microorganisms successively from the central toward the peripheral parts of the nodules. The formation of metalliferous pisolites was linked to the oxidizing geochemical barrier developed at the interface between compact sedimentary clays and the underlying porous readily permeable weathered products of basalts.     

Exploration of polymetallic nodules in the Area: Reporting practices,data management and transparency

The International Seabed Authority (ISA) regulates the activities related with the exploration and exploitation of seabed mineral resources in the Area, which are considered as the "common heritage of mankind" under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The ISA has also the mandate to ensure the protection of the marine environment. The development of good practices for the annual reporting and data submission by Contractors is crucial for the ISA to comply with the sustainable development of the mineral marine resources. In 2015, the ISA issued a new template for reporting on exploration activities, which includes the definition of the format for all geophysical, geological and environmental data to be collected and analysed during exploration. The availability of reliable data contributes to improve the assessment of the ISA on the activities in the Area while promoting transparency, which is considered as a major principle of industry best practices.     

中国东部深源包体和新生代辉石地温的研究

中国东部新生代宏玄武岩广泛发育,它们在时间和空间上表现为明显的分带。在新生代玄武岩中赋存着丰富的地幔碎裂－二辉橄榄岩包体和高压巨晶,为研究上地幔组成和岩浆演化提供大量信息。人选必其他研究者的资料,从岩石学,矿物学,地球化学及热力学的观点,对中国东部新生代玄武岩中赋存的深源包体和新生代辉石地温进行探讨。     

海底多金属结核和富钴结壳的He同位素对比研究

对东太平洋海盆C- C 区海底多金属结核及西太平洋马绍尔地区富钴结壳的He 同位素组成进行了对比研究。发现结核的3He/4He 比值普遍较高,为(1.73 ～13 .26) ×10- 5 。所有结核样品的3 He/4 He 比值均高于MORB 的平均3 He/4 He 比值,有些样品的3 He/4 He 比值甚至高于地幔热柱的值。磁性部分相对非磁性部分3 He/4He 比值和4 He 含量均明显偏高。结壳的3 He/4 He 比值相对较低,变化范围为6 .05 ×10 - 8 ～8 .08 ×10 - 5