南岭地区中生代主要成锡花岗岩地质地球化学特征与锡矿成矿规律

南岭中生代成锡花岗岩系花岗质岩浆多期或多阶段侵位和结晶的产物。空间上往往集中成群成带分布,构成多个复式岩基,明显受华夏和扬子两大地块接合部NE向深大断裂及NW向隐伏深大断裂的控制;中生代成锡花岗岩主要侵位于燕山期,成矿作用主要有两期,一是早期矽卡岩化导致锡的初步富集,二是晚期岩浆热液叠加形成了工业锡矿床。锡成矿作用与燕山期伸展背景下的大规模花岗岩浆活动密切相关。     

Thermal evolution of the Tseel terrane,SW Mongolia and its relation to granitoid intrusions in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The timing and thermal effects of granitoid intrusions into accreted sedimentary rocks are important for understanding the growth process of continental crust. In this study, the petrology and geochronology of pelitic gneisses in the Tseel area of the Tseel terrane, SW Mongolia, are examined to understand the relationship between igneous activity and metamorphism during crustal evolution in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Four mineral zones are recognized on the basis of progressive changes in the mineral assemblages in the pelitic gneisses, namely: the garnet, staurolite, sillimanite and cordierite zones. The gneisses with high metamorphic grades (i.e. sillimanite and cordierite zones) occur in the central part of the Tseel area, where granitoids are abundant. To the north and south of these granitoids, the metamorphic grade shows a gradual decrease. The composition of garnet in the pelitic gneisses varies systematically across the mineral zones, from grossular‐rich garnet in the garnet zone to zoned garnet with grossular‐rich cores and pyrope‐rich rims in the staurolite zone, and pyrope‐rich garnet in the sillimanite and cordierite zones. Thermobarometric analyses of individual garnet crystals reveal two main stages of metamorphism: (i) a high‐P and low‐T stage (as recorded by garnet in the garnet zone and garnet cores in the staurolite zone) at 520–580 °C and 4.5–7 kbar in the kyanite stability field and (ii) a low‐P and high‐T stage (garnet rims in the staurolite zone and garnet in the sillimanite and cordierite zones) at 570–680 °C and 3.0–6.0 kbar in the sillimanite stability field. The earlier high‐P metamorphism resulted in the growth of kyanite in quartz veins within the staurolite and sillimanite zones. The U–Pb zircon ages of pelitic gneisses and granitoids reveal that (i) the protolith (igneous) age of the pelitic gneisses is c. 510 Ma; (ii) the low‐P and high‐T metamorphism occurred at 377 ± 30 Ma; and (iii) this metamorphic stage was coeval with granitoid intrusion at 385 ± 7 Ma. The age of the earlier low‐T and high‐P metamorphism is not clearly recorded in the zircon, but probably corresponds to small age peaks at 450–400 Ma. The low‐P and high‐T metamorphism continued for c. 100 Ma, which is longer than the active period of a single granitoid body. These findings indicate that an elevation of geotherm and a transition from high‐P and low‐T to low‐P and high‐T metamorphism occurred, associated with continuous emplacement of several granitoids, during the crustal evolution in the Devonian CAOB.     

新疆多拉纳萨依金矿一带花岗岩类形成时代及其对金矿成矿作用的制约

新疆阿尔泰造山带西南缘分布有多拉纳萨依、赛都、哲兰德等大中型金矿床,近年又发现沃多克等小型金矿.这些金矿主要赋存于糜棱岩化石英闪长岩中,岩石地球化学特征表明沃多克和多拉纳萨依金矿含矿石英闪长岩特征基本一致,属同一期岩浆活动的产物,而明显不同于两矿床之间的萨热乌增英云闪长岩.沃多克金矿含矿石英闪长岩和萨热乌增英云闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(299.4±4.1) Ma和(317.7±1.5) Ma.二者分别属于后造山和后碰撞花岗岩.沃多克含金石英闪长岩年龄限定了多拉纳萨依一带金矿形成时代不早于300 Ma,结合前人的研究成果分析,表明其主要成矿时期为290 Ma左右.萨热乌增等岩体的形成早于金矿形成时代,金的成矿作用与该期大规模花岗岩体的侵位无关.     

锦州-迁安太古宙赞岐岩类片麻岩成因及其动力学意义

详细的野外地质调查和综合研究表明冀东-辽西南部地区太古宙变质基底主要由富钾花岗质岩石组成,由锦州至迁安构成一条NEE向延伸200余千米的富钾花岗质岩石带。这些富钾花岗质岩石主要由似斑状/中粒石英二长闪长质-花岗闪长质-二长花岗质片麻岩和中粒二长花岗岩-正长花岗岩构成。全岩地球化学分析表明这些石英二长闪长质-花岗闪长质-二长花岗质片麻岩具有高FeO~T、MgO、K_2O和Mg~#值的地球化学特征,与全球范围内中-新太古宙赞歧岩类相似。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果表明这些岩石形成于2546~2543Ma。岩石成因研究表明这些赞歧岩类片麻岩形成于俯冲板片及其拖曳的洋壳沉积物、增生楔物质的熔体和受俯冲流体、熔体交代的地幔楔之间相互作用引发的一系列的岩浆作用。这一多样化的赞岐岩类岩浆作用形成了一条新太古代赞岐岩类带,该赞岐岩类带反映了冀东-辽西南部地区新太古代从NNW向SSE向板片热俯冲的动力学体制。     

南岭地区中生代两种成矿花岗质岩的岩石学和矿物学特征探讨

南岭地区是我国重要的有色金属矿产资源集中区,中生代多金属成矿与本区广泛分布的花岗质岩石具有密切的成因关系.本文在总结南岭地区与花岗质岩石有关的钨锡钼铋和铜(钼)铅锌金银两类多金属矿床时空分布规律、岩体特征的基础上,探讨并对比了这两种成矿花岗质岩的岩石学和矿物学特征,指出:①与钨锡钼铋成矿有关的岩浆岩以壳源物质重熔形成的黑云母花岗岩为主,但不少岩体也带有幔源物质信息.造岩矿物组合为石英+钾长石+斜长石+黑云母+白云母±角闪石,石英、长石、黑云母包含结构十分发育.斜长石以钠长石为主,An平均值为8;黑云母为富铁黑云母—铁叶云母—铝铁叶云母,MF值为0.001～0.5311;个别岩体中含角闪石,Mg# =0.21～0.53.②与铜(钼)铅锌金银成矿有关的岩浆岩以壳幔混源的花岗闪长岩为主.造岩矿物组合为石英+斜长石+钾长石+黑云母+角闪石±白云母,包含结构不发育.斜长石以更长石为主,An平均值为22;黑云母为富镁黑云母,MF值为0.5120～0.7216;普遍见有角闪石,Mg# =0.48～1.00.两类成矿岩浆岩的岩石学和矿物学差异可以为南岭花岗质岩石地区找矿提供初步的指示意义.     

对与氧逸度有关的花岗岩类成矿专属性-含矿性问题的再思考

花岗岩类的成矿专属性与氧逸度密切相关,但氧逸度只是矿床形成时的必要非充分条件之一。本文从成矿专属性和含矿性两个方面讨论氧逸度的成矿学意义,得到两点主要认识：还原性斑岩型Cu-Au多金属矿床具有高氧逸度成因,不同元素的矿化分别对应于氧逸度对演化程度、岩石类型、硫逸度、pH协变图上的不同分区,其中可能以氧逸度和岩石类型这两种因素的配合最具专属性意义;从专属性到成矿性分从岩浆到热液、从热液到矿石两个阶段完成,这期间氧逸度对元素地球化学行为的影响不容忽视,但其在矿质沉淀过程中的角色有时不宜夸大,因为有的沉淀与氧逸度关系不大。     

浅析花岗岩类成矿专属性判别

花岗岩类具有成矿专属性。在不同大地构造背景及造山作用不同阶段,不同源岩的部分熔融形成类型、矿物学、岩石学和地球化学成分、成因、分异演化均不同的花岗岩类,它们均与相关的成矿元素组合具有一定的相关系,对花岗岩类成矿起关键性的控制作用。由此可见在判别花岗岩类的成矿专属性时需要综合考虑:野外判别、岩石化学成分判别、地球化学特征判别、花岗岩类成矿元素组合的大地构造控制判别。     

冈底斯东段驱龙-甲玛矿集区新近纪花岗岩类区域岩石学及成矿学意义

对埃达克岩及其与成矿的关系的研究是近几年花岗岩地质研究的重要进展之一.本文通过对驱龙—甲玛矿集区新近纪花岗岩地质和元素、同位素地球化学综合分析,探讨了新近纪花岗岩类的成因及形成的动力机制、成矿意义.结果表明,新近纪花岗岩具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征,其岩浆起源于下地壳,在上升或演化过程中与幔源岩浆发生了混合,该混合作用对成矿具有重要意义.23～10 Ma岩石圈伸展导致软流圈上涌并诱发含石榴石镁铁质岩石拆沉,拆沉下地壳部分熔融形成埃达克岩浆.岩浆混合、岩浆流体出溶的地质、矿物学证据以及有利的大地构造背景、深部物质组成、蚀变特征表明驱龙—甲玛矿集区新近纪“似埃达克岩”具非常重要的成矿学意义.     

Zircon ages and Hf isotopic compositions of plutonic rocks from the Central Tianshan (Xinjiang,northwest China) and their significance for early to mid-Palaeozoic crustal evolution

We present new zircon ages and Hf-in-zircon isotopic data for plutonic rocks and review the crustal evolution of the Chinese Central Tianshan (Xinjiang, northwest China) in the early to mid-Palaeozoic. The Early Ordovician (ca. 475–473 Ma) granitoid rocks have zircon ε_Hf(t) values either positive (+0.3 to +9.5) or negative (?6.0 to ?12.9). This suggests significant addition of juvenile material to, and coeval crustal reworking of, the pre-existing continental crust that is fingerprinted by numerous Precambrian zircon xenocrysts. The Late Ordovician–Silurian (ca. 458–425 Ma) rocks can be assigned to two sub-episodes of magmatism: zircon from rocks of an earlier event (ca. 458–442 Ma) has negative zircon ε_Hf(t) values (?6.3 to ?13.1), indicating a predominantly crustal source; zircon from later events (ca. 434–425 Ma) has positive zircon ε_Hf(t) values (+2.6 to +8.9) that reveal a predominantly juvenile magma source. The Early Devonian (ca. 410–404 Ma) rocks have near-zero zircon ε_Hf(t) values, either slightly negative or positive (?1.4 to +3.5), whereas the Mid-Devonian rocks (ca. 393 Ma) have negative values (?11.2 to ?14.8). The Late Devonian (ca. 368–361 Ma) granites are undeformed and are chemically similar to adakite but have relatively low negative whole-rock ε_Nd(t)values (?2.4 to ?5.3). We interpret the Early Ordovician to Mid-Devonian magmatic event to reflect combined juvenile crustal growth and crustal reworking processes via episodic mafic underplating and mantle–crust interaction. The Late Devonian episode may signify delamination of the over-thickened Chinese Central Tianshan crust.