复杂应力状态下土质高边坡稳定性分析

结合现有的实际滑坡场地,开展了关中盆地黄土塬边的高边坡稳定性研究。基于弹塑性理论和非关联流动法则,根据双剪统一强度理论,建立了双剪统一弹塑性本构模型的显式有限差分格式。针对陕西省泾阳县南塬高边坡滑坡的现场勘测和室内试验,分析了滑坡的规模和滑坡前后的地形特征。在此基础上,还原了滑坡前的边坡地形概状,建立三维计算模型并运用三维拉格朗日有限差分方法分析了中间主应力对高边坡稳定性的影响;然后考虑中间主应力的影响对不同地下水埋深和渗流时边坡的稳定性进行分析。结果表明,考虑中间主应力情况下,随着地下水位升高,坡顶水平向位移增大;当不考虑渗流时,坡顶水平位移增大到一定值后边坡达到稳定状态,而考虑渗流时坡顶水平位移持续增大,并且容易发生突然的破坏失稳。期望对泾阳南塬滑坡群的破坏机制研究提供一定参考。     

人工神经网络在岩石变形温度估算中的应用

Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉｅ（１９６２）、Ｓｍｉｔｈ（１９７２）和张翊钧（１９８５）都提出了钠质斜长石的△１３１－（或σ）、Ａｎ与温度Ｔ的关系图，后来又提出了钠质斜长石变形温度的计算公式。但由于图解的不便之处及目前应用的公式中推断分界点的不确定性和σ、Ａｎ与Ｔ之间存在一种非线性关系的特点，本文基于具有高度非线性映射能力的人工神经网络，提出了求解岩石变形温度的新方法。文中先介绍了变形温度计的研究概况，然后阐述了ＡＮＮ（ＡｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌＮｅｕｒａｌＮｅｔｗｏｒ）模型，最后应用该模型估算岩石变形时的温度，经对比得出，利用人工神经网络在岩石变形温度估算中具有良好的应用效果。     

角闪岩相温度条件下斜长石的变形组构

对采自五台群底部的角闪黑云斜长片麻岩样品进行了较为细致的研究工作，探讨了样品遭受变质变形的温度条件及样品中变形双晶类型和斜长石的晶格组构型式。研究表明：变形时的温度条件是影响变形双晶类型的主要因素，高温变形条件下趋向于形成肖钠双晶。随着变形温度的变化，斜长石的晶格优选和双晶滑移系也发生相应变化。本文论及的斜长石组构特点是较高变形温度条件下形成的一种新的组构类型。     

人工神经网络在岩石变形温度估算中的应用

Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉｅ（１９６２）、Ｓｍｉｔｃｈ（１９７２）和张翊钧（１９８５）都提出了钠质斜长石的Δ１３１－１３１（或σ）、Ａｎ与温度Ｔ的关系图，后来又提出了钠质斜长石变形温度的计算公式。但由于图解的不便之处及目前应用的公式中推断分界点的不确定性和σ、Ａｎ与Ｔ之间存在一种非线性关系的特点，本文基于具有高度非线性映射能力的人工神经网络，提出了求解岩石变形温度的新方法。文中先介绍了变形温度计的研究概况，然     

面向上海城市数字化转型的新型测绘

城市数字化转型、“科学化、精细化、智能化”的城市治理、“新基建”的落地和数字经济的发展都迫切需要空间地理数据向“全域、全息、全空间、多维、高频”推进,实现物理空间的数字孪生。本文结合上海市城市数字化转型对地理信息的新需求,从空天地数据获取手段、全息空间数据内涵、二三维一体的成果形式、泛在测绘更新方法和按需组装服务方式等方面提出了构建以基于地理实体的智能化全息测绘为核心的新型测绘体系,形成了城市数字化转型地理信息新服务的解决方案。     

How tightly does calcite e-twin constrain stress?

Mechanical twinning along calcite e-planes has been used for paleostress analyses. Since the twinning has a critical resolved shear stress at ∼10 MPa, not only principal stress axes but also differential stress can be determined from the twins. In this article, five-dimensional stress space used in plasticity theory was introduced to describe the yield loci of calcite e-twinning. The constraints to paleostress from twin and untwin data and from calcite grains twinned on 0, 1, 2 and 3 e-planes were quantified by using their information contents, which were defined in the stress space. The orientations of twinned and untwinned e-planes are known to constrain not only stress axes but also differential stress, D, but they loose the resolution of D if the twin lamellae were formed at D greater than 50–100 MPa. On the other hand, it is difficult to observe twin lamellae subparallel to a thin section. The stochastic modeling of this effect showed that 20–25% of twin lamellae can be overlooked. The degradation of the constraints by this sampling bias can be serious especially for the determination of D.     

High Pressure Response of Rutile Polymorphs and Its Significance for Indicating the Subduction Depth of Continental Crust

α-PbO2-type TiO2 （TiO2-Ⅱ） is an important index mineral for ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism. After the discovery of a natural high-pressure phase of titanium oxide with α-PbO2- structure in omphacite from coesite-bearing eclogite at Shima in the Dabie Mountains, China, a nanoscale （〈2 nm） α-PbO2-type TiO2 has been identified through electron diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy in coesite-bearing jadeite quartzite at Shuanghe in the Dabie Mountains. The crystal structure is orthorhombic with lattice parameters a = 4.58×10-1 nm, b = 5.42×10-1 nm, c = 4.96×10-1 nm and space group Pbcn. The analysis results reveal that ruffle {011}R twin interface is a basic structural unit of α-PbO2-type TiO2. Nucleation of α-PbO2-type TiO2 lamellae is caused by the displacement of one half of the titanium cations within the {011}R twin slab. This displacement reduces the Ti-O-Ti distance and is favored by high pressure. The identification of α- PbO2-type TiO2 in coesite-bearing jadeite quartzite from Shuanghe, Dabie Mountains, provides a new and powerful evidence of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism at 4--7 GPa, 850℃-900℃, and implies a burial of continental crustal rocks to 130-200 kilometers depth or deeper. The α-PbO2-type TiO2 may be a useful indicator of the pressure and temperature in the diamond stability field.     

基于双剪统一空间轴对称特征线场理论的竖井井壁压力计算方法

基于双剪统一强度准则提出了有重材料的双剪统一空间轴对称特征线场理论,并用该特征线场理论研究了岩土工程中竖井井壁压力的计算问题,得出了新的井壁压力计算表达式。算例结果表明,由双剪统一空间轴对称特征线场理论导出的竖井井壁压力随井深的变化是非线性的,强度统一强度准则中的参数b对井壁压力计算结果有较大影响,在相同井深条件下,井壁压力随b增大而减小。     

基于改进多分类孪生支持向量机的测井岩性识别方法研究与应用

岩性识别是认识地层及求解储层参数的基础,受地质环境复杂性和非均质性影响,测井曲线间存在着大量的信息冗余,数据集类间分布不平衡,常用的分类算法无法满足实际需求.针对常用分类算法容错性差,识别岩性单一和无法有效解决类间不平衡的问题,本文改进合成少数过采样技术(Synthetic Minority Over Sampling Technique,SMOTE)来处理数据集,可得到类间平衡的新数据集,并提出一种新的模糊隶属度函数改进模糊孪生支持向量机,在北美Hugoton油气田实际测井数据的基础上,用改进多分类孪生支持向量(Improve Multi Class Twin Support Vector Machine,IMCTSVM)综合自然伽马(GR)、电阻率(RL)、光电效应(PE)、中子密度孔隙度差异(DPHI)和平均中子密度孔隙度(PHIND)五种测井参数,以及相对位置(RELPOS)和非海洋/海洋指标(NM_M)两种地质约束变量,识别出9种岩性.将识别结果与传统支持向量机、深度神经网络等方法进行对比与分析,发现IMCTSVM算法优于上述两种分类算法,取得了较好的识别效果.     

An application of the A-4DEnVar to coupled parameter optimization

In variational methods, coupled parameter optimization (CPO) often needs a long minimization time window (MTW) to fully incorporate observational information, but the optimal MTW somehow depends on the model nonlinearity. The analytical four-dimensional ensemble-variational (A-4DEnVar) considers model nonlinearity well and avoids adjoint model. It can theoretically be applied to CPO. To verify the feasibility and the ability of the A-4DEnVar in CPO, “twin” experiments based on A-4DEnVar CPO are conducted for the first time with the comparison of four-dimensional variational (4D-Var). Two algorithms use the same background error covariance matrix and optimization algorithm to control variates. The experiments are based on a simple coupled ocean-atmosphere model, in which the atmospheric part is the highly nonlinear Lorenz-63 model, and the oceanic part is a slab ocean model. The results show that both A-4DEnVar and 4D-Var can effectively reduce the error of state variables through CPO. Besides, two methods produce almost the same results in most cases when the MTW is less than 560 time steps. The results are similar when the MTW is larger than 560 time steps and less than 880 time steps. The largest MTW of 4D-Var and A-4DEnVar are 1 200 time steps. Moreover, A-4DEnVar is not sensitive to ensemble size when the MTW is less than 720 time steps. A-4DEnVar obtains satisfactory results in the case of highly nonlinear model and long MTW, suggesting that it has the potential to be widely applied to realistic CPO.