青藏高原形成和演化的古地磁研究进展综述

20世纪80年代以来,特别是最近10年,中外古地磁学者在青藏高原获得了一大批古地磁数据,从构造古地磁角度,重建了青藏高原诸块体(喜马拉雅、拉萨地块、羌塘地块)的碰撞拼合过程,探讨了上述块体碰撞所造成的青藏高原陆内构造缩短量和变形模式。本文对近30年来青藏高原古地磁研究进行了回顾和总结,并在此基础上试图重建了中、新特提斯洋的演化过程,进一步探讨青藏高原形成和演化的动力学背景。     

湖泊沉积物年纹层研究的古地磁学意义综述

年纹层发育的湖泊沉积物可以提供独立的、绝对定年的时间标尺,为重建高分辨率的区域古地磁场长期变化主曲线提供了难得的条件;基于长而连续的湖泊沉积物年纹层时间标尺建立的区域磁偏角和磁倾角长期变化参考曲线大大增强了岩芯对比和古地磁定年结果的精确性。此外,满足特定条件的湖泊沉积物还可以提供古地磁场强度长期变化的记录并有助于反映宇宙成因核素(如^14C、^10Be等)产生速率的变化、太阳活动等信息;目前,湖泊沉积物纹层年代学时间标尺及古地磁研究程度较高的主要是瑞典、芬兰和北美一些地区,区域古地磁场长期变化主曲线的地理分布并不均匀,因此在全球范围内寻找长序列的、连续的年纹层发育的湖泊进行古地磁研究可以更好地理解仪器观测记录以前的地磁场行为。     

Chronological dating and tectonic implications of late Cenozoic volcanic rocks and lacustrine sequence in Oiyug Basin of southern Tibet

Reconstruction of uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau is crucial for understanding its environmental impacts. The Oiyug Basin in southern Tibet contains multiple periods of sedimentary sequences and volcanic rocks that span much of the Cenozoic and has great potential for further studying this issue. However, these strata were poorly dated. This paper presents a chronological study of the 145 m thick and horizontally-distributed lacustrine sequence using paleomagnetic method as well as a K-Ar dating of the underlying volcanic rocks. Based on these dating results, a chronostratigraphic framework and the basin-developmental history have been established for the past 15 Ma, during which three tectonic stages are identified. The period of 15-8.1 Ma is characterized by intense volcanic activities involving at least three major eruptions. Subsequently, the basin came into a tectonically quiescent period and a lacustrine sedimentary sequence was developed. Around 2.5 Ma, an N-S fault occurred across the southern margin of the basin, leading to the disappearance of the lake environment and the development of the Oiyug River. The Gyirong basin on northern slope of the Himalayas shows a similar basin developmental history and thus there is a good agreement in tectonic activities between the Himalayan and Gangdise orogenic belts. Therefore, the tectonic evolution stages experienced by the Oiyug Basin during the past 15 Ma could have a regional significance for southern Tibet. The chronological data obtained from this study may provide some constraints for further studies with regard to the tectonic processes and environmental changes in southern Tibetan Plateau.     

兰州地区黄河第五级小沙沟阶地古地磁年代研究

兰州黄河阶地最新研究结果表明,在兰州地区已经总共发现九级黄河阶地。其中第五级小沙沟阶地（T5）是在原来发现的黄河五一山阶地和黄河墩洼山阶地之间新发现的一级阶地,但是第五级小沙沟阶地的形成时代是根据上覆黄土的古土壤序列和阶地关系推断得来的,一直没有进行绝对年代测定。通过对阶地河漫滩及其之上覆盖的风成黄土的磁性地层研究,结合黄土古土壤序列轨道调谐年龄,确定兰州地区黄河第五级（T5）阶地的形成时代为0.96 Ma。T5阶地年龄的确定使兰州地区获得了一个有完整年代的黄河阶地序列,是对兰州黄河阶地发育模式证据的补充。     

华北陆块早三叠世刘家沟组古地磁学新数据

在河北武安大淑村刘家沟组布采点１３个,采样９１个,进行了古地磁学研究,研究结果表明,华北陆块与陆块在早三叠世时尚未形成一体,自上三叠世至今,华北陆块以反时针,扬子陆块以顺时针,各自旋转了数十度。     

近2Ma来东菲律宾海地球磁场相对强度变化的沉积记录

为了解东菲律宾海沉积物记录的地球磁场相对强度变化,并为研究区的地层定年提供新的手段,对东菲律宾海帕里西维拉海盆西侧F090102孔柱样沉积物进行了系统的古地磁和岩石磁学分析。根据功率谱分析,选择非磁滞剩磁作为归一化的参数,得到约2Ma以来的地球磁场相对强度变化曲线。该曲线与SINT-2000曲线可详细对比,呈比较典型的锯齿状特征,布容期内的记录与800ka以来的SINT-800曲线相符。布容/松山极性转换期呈单强度降低的特征,在极性转换期和极性漂移期,相对强度曲线表现为显著低值。     

山东胶莱盆地五莲地区早白垩世红层古地磁研究及其构造意义

胶东半岛中生代以来的旋转变形对限定郯庐断裂的剪切走滑活动具有重要意义,然而目前对胶莱盆地中生代旋转变形与否及其幅度仍存在很大争议。本文选择胶莱盆地南部五莲地区早白垩世莱阳群龙旺庄组红层开展系统古地磁学研究,共采集11个采点82个定向古地磁岩芯样品。岩石磁学实验结果表明,样品的载磁矿物主要为赤铁矿,部分样品同时含有少量磁黄铁矿和磁铁矿;系统热退磁实验共分离出8个采点58个样品的稳定特征剩磁方向,并认为其可能代表岩石沉积时期的原生剩磁方向。8个采点的特征剩磁方向平均值为Ds=169. 5°、Is=33.2°、ks=40.9、α95 =8.8。相对于稳定东亚极,五莲地区发生了显著的（22.8°±8.8°）逆时针旋转变形。结合前人在胶莱盆地白垩纪沉积岩中获得的古地磁结果,指示胶莱盆地晚白垩世以来可能经历了整体的逆时针（10°~20°）旋转变形,而沿五莲断裂带向南西方向的逆时针旋转变形幅度增大,表明受郯庐断裂带左行走滑的影响增强。此外,沿郯庐断裂带不同部位在不同时期发生了不同方式和幅度的旋转变形,其不仅受郯庐断裂带左行剪切活动影响,还与断裂带周缘不同地体的性质及其所处的大地构造背景有关。     

华北板块东缘金刚石成矿区域地质背景分析与成矿预测

对分布于华北板块东缘的辽宁铁岭、瓦房店及山东蒙阴等3个金伯利岩区的地质构造特征进行了研究,利用地层时代、构造行迹、古地磁以及同位素资料,对该区域金伯利岩的侵位时间进行了综合约束,认为该区域金伯利岩的侵位时间应该在250-300 Ma 之间。在此基础上,结合华北板块与扬子板块在古生代时的相互运移特征,对华北板块东缘金刚石的成矿区域地质背景进行了分析,并结合构造形迹的研究,对该区域金刚石原生矿进行了成矿预测。     

中国北方第四纪磁性地层记录的古地磁极倒转与气候变化耦合关系

应用古地磁学原理，分析了中国北方第四纪黄土、泥河湾盆地、黄海陆架磁性地层记录的古地磁极倒转与气候变化之间的关系。研究表明第四纪古地磁极倒转与气候变化有一定的耦合关系：Matuyama／Gauss极性界限、Brunhes／Matuyama极性界限与第四纪气候变冷期相对应，Matuyama负极性时中的正极性亚时及Brunhes正极性时中的负极性亚时与气候变暖期相一致。因而．第四纪古地磁极倒转可能是第四纪气候冷暖波动变化的主要驱动因素之一。     

Current-independent paleomagnetic declinations in flysch basins: a case study from the Inner Carpathians

Paleomagnetic declinations from the Inner Carpathian Paleogene Basin imply that the area rotated counterclockwise about 60°, during the Miocene[1]. The question may arise if the paleomagnetic declination could have been biased by the W-E directed turbidity currents prevailing in the basin causing an apparent counter-clockwise rotation of the paleomagnetic direction.

The paleomagnetic results were obtained for fine grained strata, deposited in relatively calm water. Nevertheless, to confirm the paleomagnetic rotation, we needed evidence that flow activity on the magnetic grains was indeed insignificant in the beds yielding paleomagnetic results. Therefore, we carried out magnetic anisotropy measurements.

Results of AMS (representing para and ferromagnetic minerals together) measurements, compared with paleomagnetic observations, demonstrate that well-clustered lineations at locality level and failure to define a paleomagnetic direction are coupled. Lineation, when observable, is flow parallel, suggesting that magnetic lineation in the Inner Carpathian flysch basins may be regarded as a good proxy for turbidity current direction. It is remarkable, however, that the well-defined paleomagnetic directions are observed for localities, where the magnetic fabric is not showing lineation on locality level. Moreover, the lineation direction of the ferromagnetic minerals alone (obtained by measuring the anisotropy of the remanence) is independent of that of the turbidity currents. Thus we can safely conclude that the Inner Carpathian flysch basin indeed was affected by 60° tectonic rotation, and the paleomagnetic vectors were not biased by paleocurrents.