准噶尔盆地深层地质结构叠加演变与油气赋存

根据地表露头、地震、钻井、测年资料,应用地层回剥方法,对准噶尔盆地深层结构进行了解剖。现今的构造区划是石炭系顶面隆坳格局的反映,深、浅层地层沉积隆坳格局和构造变形特征存在差异。石炭纪末的构造事件导致盆地褶皱变形、隆升剥蚀,形成了北西向为主的背向斜构造。早二叠世-中二叠世,沉积在南部,存在多沉积中心、多构造应力环境,形成了二叠纪早中期重要的烃源岩层系。晚二叠世-侏罗纪存在两期大型湖进坳陷盆地沉积,将下伏盆地埋藏,为盆地重要的区域盖层。早侏罗世-中侏罗世西山窑组含煤岩系是盆地内重要的烃源岩层系,中侏罗统头屯河组沉积前,盆地内形成西南高、北东低的大型车莫古隆起,并遭受了强烈剥蚀。白垩系沉积前,盆地受深层断裂活动控制,在侏罗系形成雁列组合正断层构造。白垩纪-新生代,盆地发生翘倾构造作用,北天山山前强烈沉降,褶皱变形,北部隆升。盆地深层存在石炭系、二叠系和侏罗系富含有机质的烃源岩,与叠合连片发育的三叠系、侏罗系、白垩系、新生界泥岩、煤系、膏泥岩等构成了盆地内多套源盖组合,成为盆地油气富集的基础。盆地深层油气围绕构造变动后的富烃中心区赋存。     

鄂尔多斯盆地演化与多种能源矿产分布

鄂尔多斯盆地是中国有机—无机多种能源矿产共存的盆地之一。有机矿产包括煤、油气、煤层气等,分布于盆地内部,无机矿产以铀矿为主,处于盆—山转换部位。盆地边缘的造山活动控制了内部基底变形,基底变形又制约了盖层构造格局的演化,而后者决定了盆内有机矿产的源、运、储过程,如烃源岩展布、煤级分布等。造山活动和盆地演化共同制约着砂岩型铀矿的产出,油气在水平挤压和上覆地层压实作用下自内而外、自下而上输运,而于周缘造山带形成的含铀中低温无机成矿热液,在重力作用下,沿渗透率较大的透水层自上而下向盆地内部输运,还原性油气与氧化性含铀热液在盆—山过渡处相遇,导致无机流体的关键性物理化学参数的转变,使铀元素沉淀富集。鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产共存系统存在的必要条件是成矿(藏)作用的发生具备各自成矿要素,且无机成矿和有机成藏两种性质完全不同的地质过程之间存在耦合作用。     

松辽盆地北部古中央隆起带白垩系登娄库组沉积相及天然气富集有利地区

松辽盆地北部古中央隆起带登娄库组是天然气的重要产出层段之一，现有多口钻井产工业气流，区内登娄库组可分为四段，主要为河流相、浅湖砂坝及滨浅湖沉积。隆起区为河流沉积区，边缘为滨浅湖及河流交替沉积。砂岩中孔隙以次生粒间溶孔为主，发育程度与岩性和次生浊沸石的选择性溶蚀有关，研究表明，登娄库组三段是区内最有利的储集层段，最有利于聚集的地区为靠近气源区的古中央隆起带东部。     

塔里木盆地东河砂岩沉积和储层特征及综合分析

东河砂岩是一套覆盖广泛的海侵初期的沉积产物,但不是一个等时沉积体,相当于晚泥盆世晚期至早石炭世早期沉积,具体沉积时间各地有差异。东河砂岩具有海侵初期填平补齐的特征,其沉积相决定于海侵的速度、沉积物的供给和海侵前的古地貌。塔北地区受塔北古隆起的阻挡,海水在古隆起周围滞留时间较长,又有较粗粒的物源供给,其沉积产物主要是滨岸海滩沉积;塔中地区由于地形复杂,沉积类型也比较复杂,底部砾岩段为河流相沉积,而块状砂岩段和砂砾岩段为河口湾和滨岸海滩沉积,不同段在成分、分选性和粒级上有较大的差异;塔里木盆地其他低平地区主要是海侵期快速的滨岸和陆架沉积。受沉积因素影响,东河砂岩有效储层的分布具有地域性,除沉积因素外,低的地温梯度和短期的深埋藏也是优质储层发育的重要控制因素。     

库车坳陷古隆起与盐构造特征及控油气作用

依据钻井和地震资料,在库车坳陷识别出却勒、大北—吐北、克拉苏、依奇克里克和吐格尔明等古隆起以及盐枕、盐推覆、盐墙等盐构造。这些古隆起和盐构造主要分布于克拉苏—依奇克里克构造带和秋里塔格构造带,并都经历了复杂的形成演化过程,两者关系也非常密切。古隆起决定了盐构造的发育位置和形成过程,盐体一般在古隆起顶部发生聚集增厚,形成盐枕和盐墙构造,并在古隆起两翼盐体减薄处形成盐焊接和鱼尾构造等。古隆起和盐构造对库车地区的油气聚集分布起着重要的控制作用,古隆起的发育不仅有利于改善储层质量,其本身也是油气运移的优势指向区,巨厚膏盐层的存在也为油气聚集提供了极好的封盖作用。另外,古隆起和盐构造的叠加构造变形为油气聚集提供了丰富的构造圈闭和隐蔽圈闭,形成的断裂和不整合也构成了有效的油气输导体系。     

胶莱盆地中部李党家—马山古凸起白垩纪岩石地层序列及岩相古地理

李党家—马山古凸起为胶莱盆地前莱阳群沉积期凸起,第四系覆盖严重,研究程度较低,一直是胶莱盆地研究的薄弱环节,长期以来未能揭示其地层、构造面貌。本文通过大量地表地质调查和对李党家—马山古凸起之上的胶参2井、胶参3井综合录井资料研究解释,运用层序地层学原理和沉积相分析、岩相古地理研究,对研究区沉积填充序列进行了描述和对比分析,理清了研究区白垩纪地层层序格架,恢复了李党家—马山古凸起白垩纪岩相古地理。李党家—马山古凸起莱阳群沉积期未沉积,青山群沉积期开始沉降,连续沉积了后夼组和八亩地组及王氏群辛格庄组。研究区处于火山洼地中,整体为一套巨厚陆相细碎屑岩沉积,夹少量火山岩—火山碎屑岩沉积组合,其中的火山沉积识别出4期火山旋回。本研究为胶莱盆地原形盆地恢复提供了依据。     

Structural Characteristics and their Significance for Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Northern Slope of the Central Sichuan Paleo-uplift

Based on 2D and 3D seismic data, the latest drilling data and field outcrop data of the northern slope of the Central Sichuan paleo-uplift, the structural analysis method is used to analyze unconformity development characteristics and fault characteristics during the key structural transformation period, discussing the influence of the structural characteristics on the hydrocarbon accumulation of deep carbonate rocks. The results show that: (1) The two key unconformities of the Tongwan and Caledonian periods were primarily developed in deep carbonate rocks. Firstly, Tongwan’s unconformities are characterized by regional disconformities between the second and third members of the Dengying Formation, the top formation of the Sinian and the lower Cambrian, strips of which zigzag through the north and south sides of the study area. Secondly, the Caledonian unconformity is characterized by a regional unconformable contact between the lower Permian and the ower Paleozoic strata. From NE to SW, the age of the strata, which were subject to erosion, changes from new to old, the denudation distribution showing as a nose-shaped structure which inclines towards the ENE. (2) Boundary fault and transtensional strike-slip faults developed in the Sinian to Paleozoic strata. In profile, there are three types of structural styles: steep and erect, flower structures, ‘Y’ and reversed ‘Y’ type faults. In plane view, the Sinian developed extensional boundary faults extending in an almost NS direction, strike-slip faults developing and extending linearly in approximately EW, WNW and NE strikes in the Cambrian, with characteristically more in the south and less in the north. (3) The faults in the northern slope show obvious zonal deformations in transverse view as well as significant stages and stratified activity in a longitudinal direction. Among them, the activity of faults in the Sinian was the strongest, followed by the activity in the Cambrian period, the activity intensity of faults in the Permian period being the weakest. This fault activity can be divided into four periods: Sinian, Cambrian-Permian, the early Indosinian period and the late Indosinian-Himalayan period, the transtensional strike-slip faults being the products of oblique extensions of pre-existing weak zones in the Xingkai and Emei taphrogenesis, with a particular inheritance in the main faults. (4) Combined with hydrocarbon accumulation factors, it is considered that the epigenetic karstification of the Tongwan and Caledonian unconformities in the northern slope controlled the formation and distribution of carbonate karst reservoirs over a large area, also acting as a good pathway for oil and gas migration. The extensional faults developed at the margin of the NS trending rift, controlling the sag-platform sedimentary pattern in the Dengying Formation of the Sinian. Strike-slip faults in NE, WNW and ENE directions may control the micro-geomorphological pattern inside the platform and intensify the differential distribution of grain beach facies. The multi-stage hereditary activity of strike-slip faults not only improved the porosity and permeability of the reservoirs, but also acted as the main channel of oil and gas migration, providing favorable conditions for the development of the current multi-layer gas-bearing scenario in the northern slope of the Central Sichuan Basin.     

印支晚期冲断-褶皱活动在黔西南中部卡林型金矿成矿中的作用——以地震勘探资料为例

地震勘探资料对黔西南中部卡林型金矿赋存层位上二叠统龙潭组煤系地层、东吴不整合面和广西不整合面显示良好.该地区卡林型金矿主要受古隆起和冲断-褶皱构造的双重控制.根据卡林型金矿在冲断-褶皱构造中的位置,可以将其划分为2类,即断层控制型金矿和断层伴生型金矿.在断层控制型金矿床中,断层“上陡下缓”,为低角度逆冲断层,断层上盘常...     

包裹体测温恢复剥蚀厚度新方法在准噶尔盆地车—莫古隆起的应用

准噶尔盆地车—莫古隆起侏罗系顶部和白垩系底部之间发育剥蚀面(K/J不整合),恢复古隆起剥蚀厚度是盆地分析的重要研究内容之一。在广泛分析各种剥蚀厚度恢复方法适用性的基础上,结合该区埋藏史和地温史分析,提出了包裹体测温恢复剥蚀厚度的新方法;其基本原理是利用古隆起开始抬升时形成的包裹体与抬升剥蚀结束时形成的包裹体的均一化温度差和古地温梯度,计算剥蚀量。用该方法恢复了车—莫古隆起的剥蚀厚度,沙1井和盆4井的剥蚀厚度分别为390～438m和361～406m。包裹体测温恢复剥蚀厚度的计算方法简单,关键是要通过埋藏史、地温史分析和镜下观察包裹体发育部位等综合手段,找到地层抬升开始前和抬升结束时形成的包裹体。该方法适用于后期沉积厚度远大于剥蚀厚度或经历了多期构造运动发育多个不整合面的剥蚀厚度恢复。     

准噶尔盆地车-莫古隆起构造特征及物理模拟

依据盆山耦合思想、最新地震解释数据对准噶尔盆地腹部车-莫古隆起的规模和性质进行了构造解析;根据古隆起的构造特征设计平面实验,对其主要发育过程进行了一组相似性尺度物理模拟。综合结果表明:(1)盆地北部受阿尔泰褶皱山系影响,沿陆南-滴水泉断裂带一线存在一条隐伏走滑断裂,其在侏罗纪活动时于浅层形成以陆北断裂和夏盐1井、石南、滴水泉断裂为边界的右旋走滑断裂带;其与盆地南缘边界压扭性断裂带整体上构成左阶右行式断裂组合,且均为深大断裂;(2)走滑边界对于其内部的断块变形具有调整改造作用,车-莫古隆起是受盆地南北两侧的两条右旋压扭性走滑断裂带的夹持下斜向挤压而形成的;(3)侏罗纪末古隆起分布北部达三个泉凸起的北缘,东北部达陆南凸起南缘,西北部边界可达克-夏断阶带东缘,西南部越过红车断裂带抵车排子凸起西部,包含车排子凸起在内,整体为"S"形。