大型地下停车库结构防漏施工技术

锦乡天第地下停车库是一个高等级的大型车库,位于高水位软土地基中,施工时处于高温季节,由于采取了有效的技术和措施,未产生任何裂缝和渗漏现象。     

蒜薹生态气候与经济效益的研究

大蒜生育期气象条件对蒜薹物质积累与气象因子之间的动态变化关系进行定量模拟 ,得出蒜薹重量积累最快时期为抽薹后 30d左右 ,并对大蒜生产的气候经济效益进行了评估 ,提出了提高气候资源利用及经济效益 ,发展蒜薹种植产业途径。     

干旱胁迫条件下胡杨茎流与茎直径变化分析——以塔里木河下游英苏断面为例

应用先进的PHYTALK植物生理生态监测系统对塔里木河下游英苏断面胡杨的茎流、相关环境因子以及茎直径的日变化进行了监测。结果表明:在极端干旱区塔里木河下游的胡杨茎流日变化表现多峰值,且夜晚仍保持一定流速;茎流变化受太阳辐射、风速和大气温度影响明显,而其它环境因子如空气湿度、土壤湿度等影响则不大;同时,日变化中,不同时段起主导作用的因子不尽相同。胡杨茎直径对植株水分状况响应灵敏,夜晚植株组织含水充足,茎直径相对较大,白天植株失水,茎直径减小;胡杨随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,茎直径日最大值和最小值都显明显下降趋势。     

Microcoring and dendrometer-detected intra-annual wood formation of Populus euphratica in the Ejina Oasis,northwestern China

Seasonal stem radial growth and wood formation of trees have become research hotspots because of their significance for dendroclimatological and dendroecological studies. However, until recently, these studies concentrated on coniferous tree species in high-altitude and high-latitude regions, while detailed information on arid-zone riparian forests is scarce. The main focus of this study is to monitor the intra-annual dynamics of radial growth and tree ring formation in a deciduous species, Populus euphratica. In 2013, we combined the dendrometer and microcoring methods to study this species in the riparian forest of the Ejina Oasis, in arid northwestern China. Vessel enlargement began in early May, and the maximum rate of cell production occurred in early June. The cell division then ceased from early to mid-July. The dendrometer method failed to reliably detect the date of growth initiation and cessation, but succeeded to detect the time of maximum growth rate just like the microcoring method did. We found that weekly stem radial increment data described xylem growth more accurately than daily datasets. Based on correlation analysis among climatic and hydrologic variables, and weekly stem radial increment, weekly ring width increase dataset, the depth to groundwater was the main factor that limited tree ring growth. From a practical perspective, such studies of intra-annual wood formation can provide empirical guidance for seasonal water allocations within a river basin.     

荒漠人工植被区柠条和油蒿茎干液流动态研究

 于2008年5—10月利用Dynamax茎流仪观测了沙坡头人工植被区18龄柠条和8龄油蒿的茎干液流速率,并利用涡动相关系统同步监测了环境因子,分析了柠条和油蒿液流动态变化及其与环境因子和作物参考蒸散量(ET0)的关系。结果表明,观测期间柠条和油蒿液流速率均表现为明显的单峰曲线;柠条液流一般在06:00左右启动,12:00左右达到高峰,然后下降,夜间存在液流现象;油蒿液流一般在08:00左右启动,14:00—16:00达到高峰,在夜间没有观测到液流的发生;柠条和油蒿的液流速率和ET0存在显著的线性关系;环境因子对柠条液流量影响的大小顺序为太阳辐射>相对湿度>空气温度>饱和水汽压差>风速;而对油蒿液流量影响的环境因子大小顺序为太阳辐射>饱和水汽压差>相对湿度>空气温度>风速。     

福建长汀冬季植物树干CO2释放速率日变化特征

采用红外气体分析法（IRGA）原位测定了长汀重建生态系统2个先锋树种马尾松（Pinusmassoniana）和木荷（Schima superba）冬季树干CO2释放速率（stem CO2 efflux rates,FCO2）,同时测定了气温、空气相对湿度、树干温度及树干液流密度．结果表明：2个树种冬季南面FCO2日变化呈单峰型模式,峰值分别出现在18：00和20：00;北面FCO2日变化呈S型,最高值出现在18：00到2：00之间;但它们的最低值均出现在8：00前后．冬季马尾松FCO2在0．71～1．56μmol·m^-2·s^-1之间,木荷在1．57～2．98μmol·m^-2·s^-1之间,极显著高于马尾松（P〈0．01）．树干温度和树干液流密度是影响长汀重建生态系统冬季马尾松和木荷冬季FCO2的重要因素,FCO2与树干温度显著相关（P〈0．05）,树干南、北面的Q10马尾松分别为1．86和1．57,木荷为1．77和1．82．白天树干液流出现峰值时,马尾松和木荷树干呼吸产生的CO2分别有19．72％-29．12％和20．68％～29．83％溶解于木质部液流中,并被向上运输．因此,通过FCO2估计树干呼吸速率（stem respiration rates,R5）的方法可能低估了长汀重建生态系统冬季马尾松和木荷白天的尺。     

塔里木河下游胡杨树干液流特征研究

以2005年5月至9月胡杨（Populus euphratica)树干液流及相关环境因子的实测数据,对塔里木河下游胡杨树干液流特征及其与环境因子的关系进行了分析。研究表明,胡杨树干液流的日变化表现为昼夜区别明显,7:30左右,液流开始启动,然后迅速上升,在10:30左右达到峰值,并在小幅度波动中维持到下午20:00左右。夜间,胡杨树干液流较弱。对不同月份典型天胡杨树干液流的实验分析表明,胡杨在5月初液流比较弱,5月中下旬液流逐渐增强,6月增强到较高的水平。7—9月胡杨液流都很强劲,其中9月典型天的液流最为强劲,胡杨树干液流季节变化与胡杨物候密切相关。分析胡杨树干液流与环境因子关系结果显示,胡杨树干液流和气象因子的关系密切,Pearson相关分析表明,胡杨液流流量和气象因子的相关性大小依次为光合有效辐射(PAR)>相对湿度(H)>气温(Ta)>风速(S)。     

热脉冲技术在确定胡杨幼树干液流中的应用

探讨了热脉冲技术在确定胡杨(Populus euphratica)幼树干液流中的应用.结果表明:在树木正常生长状态下,胡杨在4月下旬至5月中旬开花期树干单位面积液流通量为0.13～0.15L·cm^-2·d^-1;树干液流速度的动态变化呈多峰状曲线,6月份枝叶速生期树干单位面积液流通量为0.294L·cm^-2·d^-1;树干径向断面形成层以下不同深度的树液流速具有相同的日变化趋势;夜间,胡杨存在明显的树干液流上升现象,补充白天植物蒸腾丢失的大量水分,恢复植物体内的水分平衡;树干液流速度在不同的方位有所差异.并对胡杨单位面积液流通量与杨树、辽东栎、大叶白蜡、棘皮桦、五角槐、小美旱杨、油松进行了对比研究.     

黑河下游天然胡杨树干液流特征的试验研究

应用热扩散原理,采用ICT2000TE 研究了黑河下游25 a生天然胡杨(Populus euphratica)的树干液流特点及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明:1) 在整个生长季的晴天,胡杨树干液流的日变化呈现明显的单峰宽峰曲线.液流速率在6、7、8、9和10月分别为13.39、12.07、12.69和5.1 L·d-1;2) 胡杨在夜间有微弱上升液流,可能存在根压;3) 在生长季树干液流速率与环境因子逐步回归分析结果表明,树干液流受环境因子的综合影响,影响大小依次是空气温度、土壤含水量、相对湿度、总辐射、土壤温度和风速.     

Hydraulic properties affected by litter and stem cover under overland flow

Vegetation stems and litter cover have different effects on sediment transport capacity under the same experimental conditions, which in essence, may be due to differences in their hydraulic properties, but the availability of comparative studies is limited. This study aimed to compare the hydraulic properties affected by litter and stem cover, compare differences in the drag forces exerted by litter and stems on overland flow, and develop new Manning's n and flow velocity equations for litter cover. Two series of flume experiments were conducted with the same slope gradients (8.8%, 17.6%, 26.8%) and flow discharge rates (0.5, 1.0 × 10⁻³ m³ s⁻¹). Artificial Gramineae stems with a 0%–30% cover level and Pinus tabulaeformis litter with a 0%–70% cover level were used in series 1 and series 2, respectively. The flow velocity and depth were measured. The results showed that the Froude number and flow velocity affected by stem cover were much lower than those affected by litter cover, while the opposite trend was observed in the relative magnitude of the Reynolds number, flow depth and shear stress. The form resistance caused by stems was 22–57 times greater than that caused by litter for the same cover level, which suggests that stem cover contributes more than litter cover to increasing the flow resistance and reducing the flow's ability for sediment detachment and transport. Two new equations for calculating Manning's n and flow velocity under the influence of litter cover were developed, with R² and NSE values of 0.96. The results of this study contribute to revealing the mechanisms of the differences of the effects of stem and litter cover on soil erosion.