大兴安岭北段塔河辉长岩的岩石学特征及其构造意义

塔河辉长岩是大兴安岭北段塔河地区最具代表性的辉长岩体.该岩体主要由橄榄辉长岩、浅色橄榄辉长岩、淡色辉长岩(斜长岩)、橄长岩及辉长岩组成,以橄榄辉长岩和橄长岩为主.其主要造岩矿物由斜长石、橄榄石、单斜辉石及少量角闪石组成,具反应边结构和包含嵌晶结构.电子探针分析结果表明,其橄榄石Fo平均为77,属贵橄榄石.单斜辉石全部落入透辉石区.斜长石An平均为85,为倍长石.岩相学特征表明,该岩体为典型的堆晶辉长岩体.根据An-Fo及AlZ -TiO2 图解可以判别该岩体形成于活动大陆边缘/岛弧的构造环境中,属于I型弧堆晶辉长岩,其形成可能与古亚洲洋闭合过程中板块俯冲-流体交代作用有关,是研究古亚洲洋闭合历史的一个重要岩石学标志.     

Influence of the modified global ocean tide model with local tides of East and South China Seas on load gravity in China and its neighbor area

Introduction With the development of science and technology, the accuracy of gravity measurement is im-proved. The gravity observation with FG5 gravimeter has reached accuracy of μ magnitude. And the high accurate superconducting gravimeter can detect the tiny signal of 10?2 μ magnitude in frequency domain. With the high-accuracy gravity observation on Earth′s surface, the Earth′s tidal parameters can be determined precisely. And the observations can also be used to invert the struc-ture…     

U-Th-Pb副矿物的原地原位测年微束分析方法比较与微区晶体化学研究

系统地对比分析了各种微束分析技术在原地原位测年中的优势和局限性,并对近年发展的微区原位化学测年技术(EPMA)和质子激发X射线微探针分析技术(μ-PIXE)进行了探讨.阐明了矿物微区晶体化学研究的各种方法及其对实现精确原地原位测年的重要性.介绍了北大别黄土岭麻粒岩锆石测定点的晶体化学特征,应用激光剥蚀微探针-感应耦合等离子体质谱(LAM-ICPMS)技术对其进行了锆石的U-Pb表面年龄的测定,结果表明该岩石的麻粒岩相变质发生在2.050 Ga前,锆石来源为多源区.     

The Nigerian manganese-rich iron-formations and their host rocks—from sedimentation to metamorphism

This investigation deals with the Nigerian iron-formations and their host rocks and is based on about 560 mineral analyses (electron-microprobe) and 93 whole-rock analyses (64 iron-formations and 29 host rocks). The manganese-rich and Al-bearing iron-formations occurring in various schist belts of the northern and southern part of West-Nigeria consist of the magnetite-free silicate, the magnetite–silicate and the quartz-rich hematite facies.Iron-formations and host rocks originated from submarine-volcanogenic exhalations enriched in Fe, Mn and CO₂ and from Al₂O₃, SiO₂ and alkali (K₂O and Na₂O)-rich continental-derived pelitic to psammitic material. From these sources and their interaction and controlled by the volcanogenic activity, differently composed protoliths were deposited in the marine basin during the Birimian time. Subsequent metamorphism of greenschist to low amphibolite facies conditions during the Eburnian time led to the formation of the metaprotoliths of the magnetite–silicate (consisting of predominantly magnetite and quartz and subordinate of garnet and amphibole), the silicate facies (consisting of garnet, amphibole and rarely Mn-bearing ilmenite and quartz) and the metasediment phyllite. Garnets are predominantly almandine–spessartine solid solutions, whereas amphiboles are Mn and Ca-bearing grunerite–cummingtonite solid solutions. In the course of a second tectono-metamorphic event of Pan-African age, the magnetite–silicate facies iron-formation/phyllite association was transformed into the hematite facies and muscovite/biotite schists, whereas the silicate facies is characterized by extensive silicification features. The hematite facies and the silicified silicate facies are restricted to southern Nigeria where the second and heterogeneous tectono-metamorphic event is more pronounced (amphibolite facies conditions) than in northern Nigeria.The genesis, summarized as the metamorphic model, shows that the carbonate-rich (siderite, rhodochrosite and subordinate magnesite and calcite) protoliths were metamorphically transformed into the silicate and magnetite–silicate facies. The separation of Mn and Fe, leading to manganese-bearing iron-formations and iron-bearing manganese-formations was explained by varying pH-conditions, under which siderite (pH: 6.8–9.4) and rhodochrosite (pH: 9–11) precipitated.Similar to the Gunfit and Biwabik iron-formations of Minnesota, USA, the iron-formation of Bingi (Maru schist belt), now present in the form of the fayalite bearing silicate facies, was overprinted by contact metamorphism caused by a gabbro intrusion.     

Chemistry of waters from selected caves in Slovakia—a reconnaissance study

The chemical composition of water samples was studied from different caves in Slovakia. The water samples were collected from caves of two karst regions: (1) the Demänovský Cave System (DCS), situated in the Low Tatra Mountains (Northern Slovakia), which is mainly formed of limestone and dolomites; and (2) the Slovakian Karst to the Southeast is formed of limestone. A considerable difference between water from the two regions was shown. The waters from the DCS, that were controlled by vadose water percolating through different types of host rocks, contained more Mg ions than those from the Slovakian Karst caves whereas, the concentration of SO₄ was controlled by the dissolution of displacive gypsum and/or oxidation of pyrite. The distribution of NO₃ in the studied samples was random, hence nitrates probably derived from few pollution sources. The total mineralization of the water was covariant with calcite and aragonite saturation indices. In general, both parameters are higher in the Slovakian Karst caves than in the DCS. It is controlled probably by differences in climatic conditions, soil and plant covers between these two regions. The main goal of this article is to characterize the major-ion water chemistry within the studied caves as well as some microelements. The results have confirmed the dominant role of the bedrock petrography in forming the general chemistry of cave waters.     

A study of the chemistry of pore fluids and authigenic carbonates in methane seep environments: Kodiak Trench, Hydrate Ridge, Monterey Bay, and Eel River Basin

Analyses of the chemical and isotopic composition of carbonates rocks recovered from methane seepage areas of the Kodiak Trench, Hydrate Ridge, Monterey Bay Clam Flats, and the Eel River Basin, coupled with the studies of the chemistry of the pore fluids, have shown that these carbonates have grown within the sediment column. Geochemical profiles of pore fluids show that, in deep water seeps (Kodiak Trench—4450 m; Monterey Bay—1000 m; Hydrate Ridge—650 m), δ¹³C (DIC) values are low (isotopically light), whereas in the Eel River area ( 350–500 m), δ¹³C (DIC) values are much higher (isotopically heavier). In all cases, the δ¹³C values indicate that processes of methane oxidation, associated with sulfate reduction, are dominant in the shallow sediments. Data on the isotopic composition of authigenic carbonates found at sites in Kodiak Trench, Eel River Basin South, and Eel River Basin North indicate a variable composition and origin in different geochemical environments. Some of the authigenic carbonates from the study sites show a trend in their δ¹³C values similar to those of the pore fluids obtained in their vicinity, suggesting formation at relatively shallow depths, but others indicate formation at greater sediment depths. The latter usually consist of high magnesium calcite or dolomite, which, from their high values of δ¹³C (up to 23‰;) and δ¹⁸O (up to 7.5‰), suggest formation in the deeper horizons of the sediments, in the zone of methanogenesis. These observations are in agreement with observations by other workers at Hydrate Ridge, in Monterey Bay, and in the Eel River Basin.     

新疆库鲁克塔格地区早寒武世磷质岩的形成条件

根据地层层序与岩石学特征,对新疆库鲁克塔格地区下寒武统西山布拉克组磷质岩的形成环境,物质来源和形成机理进行了分析。认为本区磷质岩形成于从浪基面附近至氧化界面附近一个较宽泛的环境带中,具有热液和生物两个方面的物质来源。来自火山和生物的含磷物质由上升洋流带至沉积地点经化学沉淀形成磷质岩。而后又经历了水流与波浪的作用,以及重力产生的滑塌事件的改造。西山布拉克组沉积时期经历了三次海平面的升降变化,磷质岩是早期海平面变化的产物。沉积过程发生在高级别的海侵背景之下。     

Statistical distribution of nonlinear random wave height

1 Introduction The probability distribution of ocean wave element is one of the results of application of random process theory to the ocean wave study. A great amount of outcome has obtained in this field[1,2]. In fact, a great deal of research on linear…     

星载微波辐射计反演洋面非降水云区水汽总量的研究

针对AMSR-E的特点,采用物理统计方法,对洋面非降水云区水汽总量(V)的反演进行了模拟研究,并用实测亮温数据对反演算式进行了初步验证。主要结果有:①为了有效解决亮温随V值增加而趋于饱和的问题,采用多元线性回归方法,研究比较了算式中不同亮温函数形式的效果,结果表明,在反演算式中采用ln(T0-TB)形式有更好的回归和反演效果,但这种形式不太适合于V值偏大的情况;②采用逐步回归方法,对各通道不同亮温函数形式的回归因子进行了比较分析,引进了对因变量作用最显著的6个因子,生成了新的反演算式,并且对应于不同V值均有较好的回归和反演效果;③可以根据V值大小的变化分段采用以上两种方法生成的反演算式,实际反演的结果与业务产品基本符合。     

近30年大气化学和大气环境研究回顾———纪念中国气象科学研究院成立50周年

概述了中国气象科学研究院 (简称气科院) 近30年来有关大气化学和大气环境研究成果。该院完成了国家自然科学基金重大项目和科技部973项目等一系列重要研究项目, 做出了许多具有重大创新性的成果:在青藏高原发现“臭氧低谷”, 这一重大发现列为当年中国10大科技成果之一; 首次把环境、生态、气候几个重要领域进行综合研究, 发现人类活动对环境造成的变化改变了生态环境状态, 最终对区域气候造成影响; 对北京市大气污染机理和调控原理进行了深入研究, 在三维立体观测基础上, 提出了点-面结合与统计-动力综合分析, 地面观测-卫星遥感分析方法及模式新技术等, 获取了解决大气环境领域关键技术难点的创新成果; 建立了全球第一个大陆大气本底基准观象台即瓦里关本底台, 开创了我国全球大气本底业务观测等。几十年来气科院大气化学研究工作几乎涵盖了当前大气化学所有重要领域及其前沿学科, 其中包括温室气体、臭氧和反应性气体、气溶胶、酸雨、模式的发展及应用、空气质量预报技术和环境评价等。气科院大气化学研究工作是和中国气象局大气成分监测站网建设密不可分的, 广大科研人员参加了诸如大气本底站网、酸雨站网、臭氧站网、沙尘暴站网等业务站网的建设, 与此同时也构建了大气化学科研平台。