南雄断裂带岩石地球化学特征及其与铀成矿的关系

粤北南雄陆相红色盆地及其紧邻的诸广山花岗岩区,是中国重要的花岗岩型铀成矿带。研究表明,南雄断裂带属于伸展体系下的低角度剥离断层,为浅层次的热隆伸展构造,断裂带上部为脆性变形层,下部为韧性变形层,既是导矿构造。又是储矿构造。钻孔岩心揭露表明,断裂带岩石包括构造角砾岩、碎裂岩和糜棱岩。岩石具有显著的碱交代蚀变特征,部分糜棱岩后期遭受构造作用产生破碎,且有基性岩脉穿插。样品地球化学特征分析表明,碱交代和糜棱岩化程度与铀元素的富集有对应关系。这一规律性说明岩石的碱交代和糜棱岩化对铀富集的空间分布有重要作用。     

Pseudotachylyte-Induced Weakness of Plate-Boundary Fault:Insight from the Indus-Tsangpo Suture between India and Asia

Although the Indus-Tsangpo Suture(ITS) is the most spectacular thrust system of continent-continent collision in the world, fundamental questions about its strength evolution and deformation behavior transition remain unanswered. Here we reported, for the first time, frictional melting-induced pseudotachylytes in the intensively deformed felsic rocks along the ITS zone in southern Tibet. This study reveals that pseudotachylytes induced profound weakness of the boundary fault between Indian and Asian plates. The intrinsically low strength of the foliated microlites crystallized from frictional melt or glass(i.e., pseudotachylyte) at seismogenic depths compared with the surrounding coarse-grained quartzofeldspathic rocks in the brittle and semi-brittle regime is sufficient to explain the localization of shear strain, the development of ductile shear zones embedded in strong wall rocks, and the transition from the strong to weak fault behaviors without invoking the presence of high fluid pressure or low friction coefficient metasomatic materials(e.g., smectite or lizardite) within the faults.     

前河地区正长斑岩构造蚀变岩型金矿围岩及容矿岩石特征

正长斑岩构造蚀变岩型金矿容矿岩石和近矿围岩的原岩属正长斑岩，它先后发生糜棱岩化，角砾岩化、碎裂岩化，加上后期多种蚀变作用的叠置，使其变得较为复杂。成矿早期蚀变为黑云母化、钾长石化；成矿期主要是黄铁绢英岩化、黄铁萤石泥英岩化；而成岩后期则主要为碳酸盐化。由于多期构造和蚀变的叠置，容矿和近矿糜棱岩外观很难辨认，只有据显微镜下见到的一些残迹和变余的糜棱岩残体来恢复原岩。矿体间接围岩原岩为玄武安山岩，早期曾受接触变质变为角岩。主要由普通角闪石和斜长石组成。可见变余原岩结构构造，后来又接受一系列构造和蚀变作用，主要是黑云母化、绿泥石化，次为碳酸盐化、钾（钠）长石化。但在其形成的构造蚀变岩中，金含量一般未达工业品级     

哈巴河县赛都金矿成矿特征探讨

新疆赛都金矿是属于阿尔泰地区新发现的重要金矿类型──蚀变糜棱岩型金矿。其成矿物质金主要来源于地层岩石和岩浆岩，赋矿主岩为中下泥盆统托克萨雷组的杂砂岩建造。金矿床严格受剪切构造带的控制，金矿体一般赋存于韧—脆性构造和构造扩容带中。金矿的主成矿时代为３００Ｍａ，金矿体与海西期哈巴河斜长花岗岩体存在着密切的空间—时间联系。     

激光显微探针39Ar/40Ar测年方法的两个应用研究实例

作者用激光显微探针39Ar/40Ar测年技术测定青藏高原北部东昆仑南韧性剪切带中糜棱岩和粤西云开片麻岩中多期矿物的年龄，从而确定出形成这些多期矿物的地质事件的时代。     

Experimental analysis of ductile-slip rheology in shallow structural level faults

The authors select different grain size samples from granitic body in Weishan, central Hunan, to conduct mylonitization experiments under high temperature (HT) and high pressure (HP), by which the temperature and pressure conditions of mylonitization and microstructures of deformation have been obtained. Through the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of experimental mylonite, we calculate its dislocation density (D), differential rheological stress (Pd) and speed rate of strain (Rs): 3.20x10⁹/cm², 139.32 MPa and 6.39x10^-10/s respectively. The results are in the same magnitude-order with those of natural mylonite from fault zones. By comparison and analysis of chemical compositions and microstructures of different structural environments, the authors establish approximate rheological parameters related to shallow structural level and also suggest the multiple rheological properties and total trend from deep structural level to shallow structural level.     

新疆鄯善小尖山金矿韧性剪切带控矿地质特征

小尖山金矿是韧性剪切带型金矿,它受韧性剪切带控制,并以剪切作用为主要成矿机制.它受多级剪切带控制并产于次级剪切带中.金质为多来源,发育于变质岩区.剪切造成的物理化学梯度及构造化学在成矿过程中起主导作用.     

Early Cretaceous sinistral shearing and associated folding in the South Kitakami Belt, northeast Japan

Abstract   Early Cretaceous structural development of the southern part of the South Kitakami Belt, northeast Japan, is discussed through precise structural mapping and the measurement of semiquantitative strain. The mapping and measurement revealed that wide north- to northeast-trending sinistral shear zones occupied by the 'slate' with higher strain than the surrounding rocks run from the axial part to the western limb of major synclines, with the wavelength of 5–10 km. The major synclines with a U-shaped rock distribution opening to the south are interpreted to be drag folds along the sinistral shear zones. These structures were modified by a second stage of Early Cretaceous sinistral shearing characterized by localized high-temperature mylonite zones along the rim of some of the 120 Ma granitoids that cut the major folds and baked the 'slate' in the older shear zones mentioned above. The rocks of the South Kitakami Belt, which had undergone two stages of shearing, were rapidly exhumed before the deposition of the Late Aptian–Albian Miyako Group. Finally, a restoration model is presented of the Early Cretaceous sinistral displacement and deformation in the study area.     

中天山地块南北两缘的韧性剪切带

本文详细描述了天山中段沿乌鲁木齐—库尔勒公路后峡—乌瓦门段的构造变形特点。综合室内外观察研究结果，在中天山地块南、北缘，及内部的乌拉斯台地区鉴别出三条规模较大的韧性剪切带：中天山北缘剪切带前人已有研究，出露宽达10km的右行斜冲剪切带，见大量糜棱岩、超糜棱岩；乌拉斯台剪切带中的糜棱岩宽超过200m，具有左行走滑运动特点；中天山地块南缘剪切带宽度达5km，内部发育大量闪长质糜棱岩、超糜棱岩，运动方式为左行斜冲。中天山块体南北两侧的脆性边界断层与糜棱岩带变形中心基本重合。这些剪切带具有相当大的走滑位移量，指示天山各地质单元间目前的空间关系可能是走滑拼接的结果。研究天山造山带内剪切带的展布、运动方式、总变形量，对于恢复各地质单元的初始位置、了解造山动力学过程具有重要意义。     

Metamorphic history of serpentinite mylonites from the Happo ultramafic complex, central Japan

Serpentinite mylonites from the Happo ultramafic complex show evidence of two stages of mylonitization at different temperature conditions. Peridotite mylonites exhibit two types of olivine – porphyroclasts and neoblasts – produced at the earlier stage. The olivine neoblasts have a stretching lineation with a fabric suggesting plastic deformation along (0 1 0) [0 0 1]. In addition to the olivine fabric, the stable association of olivine, orthopyroxene and tremolite in the peridotites that survived later serpentinization, and the Si and Na contents of tremolite, suggest that the earlier mylonitization took place at temperatures between 700 and 800 °C. Later mylonitization was associated with high‐temperature serpentinization to form serpentinite mylonites. In contrast to a common type of serpentinite in orogenic belts, the serpentinite mylonites are cohesively foliated, rich in olivine and diopside, and poor in antigorite. The diopside has low Al, Cr and Na contents typical of a retrograde origin, and the olivine has a homogeneous composition except in areas subjected to contact metamorphism at a later stage. Modal composition and mineral chemistry suggest that the serpentinite mylonites were formed by a hydration reaction of tremolite and olivine to produce diopside and antigorite under stable conditions of olivine, at temperatures between 400 and 600 °C. Later‐stage mylonitization has preferentially been superimposed on the earlier‐stage mylonite zone with a common direction of foliation. The difference in temperature between the two mylonitization stages suggests that the shear zone was episodically active during the emplacement of the Happo complex. Conditions of relatively high temperature for serpentinization at a convergent plate boundary and high permeability caused by the early mylonitization favoured the formation of the serpentinite mylonites.