塔里木盆地新元古代裂谷盆地层序样式

塔里木盆地是位于Rodinia超大陆边缘的小陆块,随着新元古代Rodinia超大陆裂解,在塔里木盆地周边和内部形成了大量裂谷盆地,通过对裂谷体系的演化和地层充填特征研究,对认识Rodinia超大陆的裂解过程具有重要意义。按照盆地动力学、层序地层学和沉积学等理论为指导,以露头、钻井和地震剖面为基础,进行不整合面、层序地层和沉积相研究,探讨层序样式及控制因素,分析塔里木盆地和扬子盆地裂谷演化过程的差异。塔里木盆地新元古代南华系—震旦系为1个一级层序,由两个一级不整合界面限定——Td(南华系/前南华系基底)和T1(震旦系/寒武系),其中Td界面为塔里木运动导致,即新元古代早期—中期Rodinia大陆裂解作用开始,而T1界面与塔里木板块内部表现为垂直上升作用的柯坪运动有关。按照裂谷盆地演化的三个阶段——快速裂陷期、稳定沉降期和裂谷萎缩期,分为3个二级层序。快速裂陷期为二级层序SQ1,发育大量小型地垒—地堑盆地,水体由浅变深,发育滨浅海相—河流—三角洲等沉积;稳定沉降期为二级层序SQ2,盆地连通性加强,形成统一的盆地,发育滨岸—三角洲—浅水陆棚—盆地相;裂谷盖处于裂谷萎缩阶段,受地幔柱冷却,地壳回弹影响,断裂活动减弱并逐渐停止,地层向隆起上超,地层分布范围广,主要发育碳酸盐岩台地相,该阶段构成二级层序SQ3。受到海平面变化、冰川和气候等因素控制,发育13个三级层序,其中冰期发育冰碛岩—盖帽碳酸盐岩的一类特殊三级层序。南华纪末期的Marinoan冰期是全球冰期事件,相应在中国南方扬子地区发育典型的南沱组冰碛岩和陡山沱组白云岩的组合,而塔里木盆地库鲁克塔格地区为特瑞爱肯组冰碛岩之上直接覆盖了扎摩提克组的粉砂岩地层,不发育盖帽碳酸盐岩。这和裂谷体系演化有关,塔里木裂谷盖形成的滞后了约70Ma,冰碛岩沉积之后,水体快速加深,碎屑物质供给充足,没有适合碳酸盐岩的生长环境。通过新元古代裂谷盆地的结构样式和层序地层研究,对认识新元古代构造、沉积环境,和烃源岩、储层的分布等具有重要在指导意义,而不同盆地之间大陆裂解响应过程的差异也是值得深入研究问题。     

The Neoproterozoic continental rift magmatism of the eastern Jiangnan orogen: new evidence from the mafic sheets in northern Zhejiang Province,South China

Massive mafic sheets were recently recognized intruding the Neoproterozoic strata in Fuyang area, eastern Jiangnan orogen. Geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic studies were carried out to understand their mantle source, crust–mantle interaction, and tectonic setting. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon data indicate that the sheets were generated at 808 ± 7 Ma. The mafic sheets consist of two groups: high Ti and low Ti. They are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE; 3.3–5.3 ppm) and show negligible Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.77–1.12). They also have strong large-ion lithophile element (LILE; Sr, K, Rb, Ba) enrichment, moderately strong high-field-strength element (HFSE) enrichment (except for Nb-Ta depletion), and positive εNd(t) (5.1–9.1). Geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the mafic sheets were generated from a depleted asthenospheric mantle source. The high-Ti mafic sheets have higher HFSE contents and less Nb-Ta depletion than the low Ti series, indicating a lower degree of partial melting and crustal contamination. The mafic sheets grew in a within-plate setting, concurrent with the ~820–750 Ma rifting events in the eastern Jiangnan orogen. They are likely related to the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent.     

江南造山带西段桂北龙胜地区金车辉长岩矿物化学研究及其地质意义

桂北龙胜地区位于江南造山带西段,本文利用电子探针对桂北龙胜地区金车辉长岩单斜辉石和斜长石进行了详细的矿物学和矿物化学研究,研究表明单斜辉石的成分为Wo27~28En47~57Fs15~22,属于普通辉石,斜长石的成分为An1.35~9.05Ab90.34~97.45Or0.36~1.05,为钠长石。单斜辉石温压估算结果显示,其形成温度为1 250~1 350℃,该温度基本与软流圈地幔温度(1 280~1 350℃)相当,其形成压力为1.31~2.25 GPa,对应深度为43.2~74.3 km。单斜辉石成分特征指示金车辉长岩为板内拉斑玄武岩,结合区域地质特征,推测金车辉长岩是裂谷构造背景下软流圈地幔物质上涌并发生减压熔融的产物。     

湘西通道地区新元古代长界橄榄辉石岩中单斜辉石矿物学特征及其板内裂谷成因论证

湘西通道地区长界橄榄辉石岩主要组成矿物为单斜辉石、橄榄石和斜长石,还具有少量的Ti—Fe氧化物。本文利用电子探针对江南造山带西段湘西通道地区长界橄榄辉石岩单斜辉石进行了详细的矿物学研究,研究结果表明单斜辉石属于顽透辉石和普通辉石。长界橄榄辉石岩单斜辉石较富镁而贫铁,并且还具有高硅、贫碱、低钙的特征,其母岩浆属于拉斑玄武系列。单斜辉石温压计算结果显示,橄榄辉石岩的形成温度为1260～1383℃,压力为1.5～2.6GPa,深度为50～86km,平均深度为73km。整体来看,长界橄榄辉石岩形成的温度基本与软流圈地幔的温度(1280～1350℃)相当,其形成深度为约73km的地幔深处,且在这种温压条件下,软流圈地幔可以发生减压熔融。单斜辉石的成分特征显示示长界橄榄辉石岩是板内拉斑玄武岩,指示其构造背景为裂谷环境。另外,单斜辉石具低的Al_2O_3(0.02%～5.51%)、TiO_2(0～0.46%)和Na_2O(0.01%～1.44%)的特征,这可能是单斜辉石寄主岩石岩浆源区受到俯冲熔体/流体的交代改造作用所导致。结合作者和前人的研究结果,我们推测长界橄榄辉石岩源区为软流圈地幔,其形成可能与裂谷作用导致软流圈物质上涌并发生熔融有关,且在形成长界橄榄辉石岩之前,软流圈地幔已经遭受过俯冲熔体/流体的交代改造作用。     

断陷湖盆早期浅水三角洲沉积——以高邮凹陷永安地区戴一段为例

浅水三角洲作为沉积学和油气勘探领域的热点,目前研究主要集中在大型拗陷型盆地内,对断陷湖盆关注较少。通过充分调研区域地质背景并结合永安地区戴一段的岩心、录井、测井、地震、分析化验等资料进行系统研究后认为,戴一段处于断陷早期,地形较为平缓,水体宽浅且波动频繁,气候温暖湿润,物源供给充足,具备形成浅水三角洲的有利沉积条件。研究区浅水三角洲为近源沉积,以牵引流为主;砂岩中多见强水动力沉积构造;垂向上发育进积、加积的沉积序列,具平行、亚平行及叠瓦状地震反射特征;以前缘亚相为主体,相带宽阔,可分为内、外前缘沉积,水下分流河道构成主要骨架砂体;在向湖推进过程中受沉积物可容纳空间与沉积物补给量比值(A/S)变化的影响较大,不同成因砂体类型及沉积样式呈现有规律的分布。基于以上分析,最终建立了断陷湖盆早期浅水三角洲的沉积模式,在一定程度上对丰富浅水三角洲的沉积学认识并拓展永安地区乃至整个高邮凹陷斜坡带油气勘探的领域和范围具有一定指导意义。     

Influence of fault reactivation during multiphase rifting: The Oseberg area,northern North Sea rift

Multiphase rifts tend to produce fault populations that evolve by the formation of new faults and reactivation of earlier faults. The resulting fault patterns tend to be complex and difficult to decipher. In this work we use seismic reflection data to examine the evolution of a normal fault network in the Oseberg Fault Block in the northern North Sea Rift System – a rift system that experienced Permian – Early Triassic and Middle Jurassic – Early Cretaceous rifting and exhibits N-S, NW-SE and NE-SW oriented faults.Both N-S- and NW-SE-striking faults were established during the Permian – Early Triassic rifting, as indicated by Triassic growth packages in their hanging walls. In contrast, the NE-SW-striking faults are younger, as they show no evidence of Permian – Early Triassic growth, and offset several N-S- and NW-SE-striking faults. Structural analysis show that a new population of NW-SE-striking faults formed in the Lower – Middle Jurassic (inter-rift period) together with reactivation of N-S-striking Permian – Early Triassic faults, indicating a NE-SW inter-rift extension direction.During the Middle Jurassic – Early Cretaceous rifting, faults of all orientations (N-S, NW-SE and NE-SW) were active. However, faults initiated during the Middle Jurassic – Early Cretaceous rifting show mainly N-S orientation, indicating E-W extension during this phase. These observations suggest a reorientation of the stress field from E-W during the Permian – Early Triassic rift phase to NE-SW during inter-rift fault growth and back to E-W during the Middle Jurassic – Early Cretaceous rift phase in the Oseberg area. Hence, the current study demonstrates that rift activity between established rift phases can locally develop faults with new orientations that add to the geometric and kinematic complexity of the final fault population.     

Multistage Extension and Age Dating of the Xiaoqinling Metamorphic Core Complex,Central China

There are two extensional systems in the Xiaoqinling metamorphic core complex (XMCC). One is the detachment fault system developed along the peripheries of the XMCC, which extended in an ESE-WNW direction and whose upper plate moved towards the WNW. The other extensional system includes the retrograde shear zones and normal faults developed within the XMCC, which represent the collapse of the XMCC. Ar-Ar and K-Ar dating shows that the extension of the detachment fault system continued from 135 to 123 Ma, i.e. in the late stage of its evolution at about 127 Ma. The collapse represented by the extensional system within the XMCC was operative during 120(106 Ma, and its main activity occurred about 116 Ma ago. These suggest that the XMCC experienced two extensional stages in its evolution, i.e., the syn-orogenic regional extension and post-orogenic collapse extension.     

~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb Zircon Dating of the Huangtuling Hypersthene-Garnet-Biotite Gneiss from the Dabie Mountains, Luotian County, Hubei Province, China: New Evidence for Early Precambrian Evolution

The Huangtuling hypersthene-garnet-biotite gneiss at Luotian County, Hubei Provine, is a typicalgranulite-facies rock of the Dabie Group Complex in the Dabie orogenic belt. Investigations on the morphology andoccurrence of zircons and their internal structures shown in the thin sections lead to the recognition of three types ofzircons, which are in good agreement with the types identified on the basis of morphology, colour and external fea-tures from the related zircon concentrates. The observation of zircons in the rock reveals that part of type 1 zirconsshow signs of a double-layered structure. The interval part existed in the protolith prior to the granulite-facies meta-morphism. Type 2, the prismatic zircons which mainly occur in garnet and hypersthene are metamorphic minerals ofthe granulite-facies metamorphism. Type 3, the round multifaceted zircons in felsic minerals and biotite, are proba-bly attributed to a later geological event related to migmatization. The ~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb zircon dating by direct evaporationon (thermal evaporation ion mass spectrometer) yields ages ranging from 2814 Ma to 1992 Ma. The age discrepancyamong these different zircon types is conspicuous. The yellow-brown(type 1) zircons give ages of 2814±29 Ma to2527±6 Ma, the prismatic euhedral zircons (type 2), 2456±7 Ma to 2254±4 Ma, and the round multifaceted zircons(type 3), 1992±10 Ma. The results are geologically interpreted in consideration of the complicated behaviours of zir-cons during Precambrian geological evolution of the Dabie area. (1) If the protolith of the gneiss is a sedimentaryrock, then type 1 zircons are clastic ones and the ages 2814±29 Ma and 2811±27 Ma may reflect the minimum age ofthe rocks of its source region. also the first geological event in the area. Sedimentation of the protolith occurred be-tween 2814 Ma and 2527 Ma, probably close to 2814 Ma. If the protolith is a volcanic rock, then the formation age ofthe supracrustal rocks of the Dabie Group Complex is around 2814 Ma. The age 2456±7 Ma reflects the time whenthe granulite-facies metamorphism took place. The later migmatization event is dated at aboat 1992±10 Ma, and isprobably the latest early Precambrian event in the area. The present work provides geochronological evidence for the existence of the Dabie Archaean craton, whichhad probably experienced 3 or 4 geological events during its early Precambrian evolution.     

海南岛周邻新生代沉积盆地构造与差异性演化特征

海南岛周邻发育有4个重要的新生代沉积盆地,即莺歌海盆地、北部湾盆地、琼东南盆地和珠江口盆地珠三凹陷。根据最新的地球物理数据,重新厘定这些盆地的构造与沉积演化及其与海南岛陆上构造的关联。这些盆地发育NE和NW向断裂构造,但存在极大差异性。前者受红河哀牢山断裂构造影响,表现为张扭性的拉分盆地。而后三个盆地则总体表现为裂陷盆地,夹于江绍 博白断裂与丽水 南澳断裂南段之间。伸展始于古新世,具有四次裂陷作用,并发育NW向走滑伸展断层。晚期岩浆对沉积盆地具有一定改造作用,表现岩浆喷发、热流值高。我们厘定了这些NE向断裂在海南岛延伸,滨海断裂可能延至海南岛东南缘,并表现出明显的地震活动性,推断海南岛新生代构造演化与南海北部陆缘演化具有一致性。     

多幕裂陷盆地构造-沉积响应及陆丰凹陷实例分析

裂陷盆地常常经历了多层次、多周期的幕式沉降过程.若盆地的演化包括了两幕或以上的裂陷旋回,则称之为多暮裂陷盆地.多幕裂陷盆地构造演化特别是复杂的断裂发育特征及其活动方式引起国际地质学家广泛的关注.多幕次裂陷作用下断裂活动方式的转型,必然会导致物源水系、沉积物入口位置及砂体分散方式的系统性差异.前人研究表明,在第一暮裂陷或...